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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN
POWER
1740-1770
Female leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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1740-80 Empress Maria Theresia, Queen of Hungary and
Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria,
Duchess Moravia and Schlesia, Queen of Croatia and
Dalmatia, Princess of Transylvania and Grand Duchess of
Siebenbürgen, Duchess of Gelders, Limburg, Jülich, Luxembourg,
Brabant, Quilon, Bar and Franche-Comté, Margravine of Higher-Elsass,
Breisgau, Lower-Elsass and Antwerpen, Countess of Flanders,
Hainault, d'Artois, Boulonge, Namur, Ponthieu, Picardie, d'Eu,
Vermandôis, Charolais, Macon, Montbeliard, Zutphen, Nevers and Rethel
and Baroness d'Ilês, Bar-sur-Seine etc. |
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She
was ruler of most of Central Europe, large parts of the Balkans and
Belgium and Luxembourg. Her father, Emperor Karl VI, drew up an
agreement, the Pragmatic Sanction; in order ensure the succession for
Maria Theresia and her husband. Not educated in statecraft, and
married to a weak but much beloved husband, Franz Stephan of Lorraine,
she succeeded her father in 1740. She fought the war of succession
against Friedrich II of Prussia, France, Spain and Bavaria. Between
1737 and 1756 she gave birth to sixteen children. She was healthy and
strong and would appear at the opera a few hours before the birth of a
child, then be driving through the streets a few hours afterwards. She
loved dancing, skating and horse riding, supervised the education of
her children and planned internal reforms for her countries. After
1748 Maria Theresia was given time to implement internal reforms.
Justice and taxation were centralized, nobles' privileges abolished
and indirect taxation introduced. The reorganized army would later
enable Austria to survive the Seven Years' War. She lived (1717-80) |
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1740-41 Regent Grand Duchess Anna Leopoldovna of Russia |
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Daughter of Catherina Ivanovna of Russia and Carl Leopold of Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Her son, Ivan VI succeeded her aunt, Zaritsa Anna. She was given the
title of Grand Duchess and she was named regent for her infant son,
who was deposed by Elisabeth after a year. Mother and son died in
prison, and her younger children lived in seclusion in the provincial
town of Horsens in Denmark, where her sister in-law, Juliane-Marie von
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel was Queen and De-facto In Charge of the
Government 1772-84. Anna lived (1718-46). |
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1740-97 Kpojito Hwanjile of Abomey (Benin)
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Also known as Naye Wandjele, she was the reign mate of King Tegbesu,
whom she helped gain power after Agaja's death after a civil war with
the designated heir. She - and possibly a successor trough positional
succession - was actively involved in Abomey politics for at least 60
years. She was highly skilled in the supernatural, and she is believed
to have been responsible for drastically changing the religious life
of the kingdom. She enhanced the position of the king, by controlling
the people via vodun (woodoo) and establishing a couple of creator
gods - and they thereby set up a joint monarchy, which controlled both
the spirits and the earthly sphere. In 1797 she was involved in the
murder of king Agonglo, and she was buried alive. |
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1740-86 "Ceremonial Centre of the Court" Queen Elisabeth
Christine von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of Prussia and Hohenzollern
(Germany) |
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Her
husband, Freiderich II the Great (1712-40-86), preferred to live in
his own residence in Potsdam with his circle of male company, and left
her in charge of the official court. She received foreign guests; new
ambassadors were always officially presented to her and her husband
only attended official events from time to time. When he was absent
from Berlin for 6 years in a row during the Seven Years War, she
accepted real responsibility for the royal family and court, and when
the capital was twice occupied, she made the decision to evacuate the
court to Magdeburg. She has been become known as the "neglected wife",
and in her own life time she inspired pity rather than respect even
though she took upon her the task of maintaining the official face of
the court. She did not have any children, and lived (1715-97). |
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1740-84 Princess-Abbess Maria Franziska von Manderscheid of
Elten (Germany) |
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Elected as successor of Eleonora Maria von Manderscheid as the fifth
and last consecutive sovereign of that Family in the Reichstift Elten
(Chapter of the Realm). |
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1741-62 Imperatitsa Regnant Elisabeth Petrovna of Russia,
Empress and Autocrat of All the Russians, Tsarisa of
Moscow, Kiev, Vladimir, Novgorod, Kazan, Astrakhan, Poland, Siberia,
the Chersonnese Taurics, and Georgia, Lady of Pskov, Grand
Duchess of Smolensk, Lithuania, Volhynia, Podolia and Finland,
Princess of Estonia, Livonia, Courland and Semigallia, Samogitia,
Bielostock, Carelia, Tver, Yongoria, Perm, Vlatks, Bolgaria, and of
other lands, Lady and Grand Duchess of Lower Novgorod,
Tchernigov, Riasan, Polotsk, Rostov, Yaroslav, Belosero, Oudoria,
Obdoria, Condia, Vitebsk, Mstislav, and all the Northern Region,
Lady and Sovereign of the lands of Iveria, Cartalinia, Kabardinia
and the Provinces of Armenia, Lady of the Circassian and
Mountain princes, Lady of Turkestan, Supreme Defender and
Guardian of the Dogmas of the (Russian Orthodox) Church |
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Yelisabeth was daughter of Emperor Peter the Great, and born on before
her father's official marriage to Catherina I. On the night of
November 25, 1741, Elizaveta went to the barracks of the
Preobrazhenskii regiment and persuaded the soldiers to follow her. The
Braunschweig clan and a number of senior officials were arrested and
the 32-year-old Elizaveta was proclaimed Empress Regnant. On April 25,
1742, Elizaveta was crowned in the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow
Kremlin. During her reign, significant advances were made economically
and culturally. She took the country into the War of Austrian
succession (1740 - 1748) and the Seven Years War (1756-63). Her
domestic policies allowed the nobles to gain dominance in local
government while shortening their terms of service to the state. She
also spent exorbitant sums of money on the grandiose baroque projects
of her favourite architect, Bartolomeo Rastrelli, particularly in
Peterhof and Tsarskoye Selo. The Winter Palace and the Smolny
Cathedral remain the chief monuments of her reign in St Petersburg.
Generally, she was one of the most loved Russian monarchs, because she
didn't allow Germans in the government and not a single person was
executed during her reign. She was succeeded by her sister's son,
Peter zu Holstein-Gottorp, and lived (1709-62). |
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1741-56
Queen Regnant Ana II
of N'Dongo and
Matamba (Ngola and Mbundu) |
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Known as
Ana the Second as Queen Njinga was known as Ana I as Matamba accepted
the Christian names of former rulers and their dynasty. She faced a
Portuguese invasion in 1744, one of their largest military operations
in the eighteenth century. In the course of their attack, Matamba's
army inflicted a serious defeat on the Portuguese, but in spite of
this, a remnant of the army managed to reach the capital of Matamba.
In order to avoid a long war and to get them to withdraw, she signed a
treaty of vassalage with Portugal which renewed points conceded by her
predecssor, Verónica in 1683. While the treaty allowed Portugal to
claim Matamba as a vassal, and opened up Matamba to Portuguese trade,
it had little effect on the real sovereignty of Matmaba, or indeed in
the conduct of trade. Like Verónica I before her, she was interested
in developing Matamba as a Christian country, routinely sending
letters to the Capuchin prefect of Congo and Angola or the Portuguese
authorities requesting missionaries come and establish permanent bases
in her country. While the country was visited by missionaries from
Cahenda and also from the Barefoot Carmelites, a permanent mission was
not established. (d. 1741). |
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1741 Regent Dowager Princess Gan of The Volga Kalmuks (Lower
Volga Area) (Russia) |
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In
charge of the government during the whole reign of Kandul. She later
converted to Christianity and took the name Vera. Originally the
Kalmyks lived in Central Mongolia. Reaching the Volga region in 1630.
Since the 16th century, Tibetan Buddhism has been the Kalmyk’s
religion, and they are the only European Buddhist people, living to
the northwest of the Caspian area. They live on the northwest shores
of the Caspian Sea in the lower regions of the soviet Dagestan.
Kalmyks are of the Turkic language group. |
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1742-74 Princess-Abbess Maria Karolina von Königsegg-Rothenfels of
Buchau, Dame of Strassberg (Germany) |
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Also used the name, Maria Charlotte, and was daughter of Count Carl Friedel Desiderius von Königsegg-Rothenfels and Maximiliane von
Althann. One of her sisters, Anna Wilhelmine, was Abbess of Sankt
Ursula in Köln. Like the election of her predecessor, it took place
without the participation of the bishop of Konstanz.
She lived
(1707-74). |
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1742-73 Princess-Abbess Maria Alydis Zech of Heggbach
(Germany) |
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According to tradition she swore an oath of allegiance to Pope
Benedict XIV in the presence of the representative of the Paternal
Abbey of Salem. Prioress Marie Anne Assam claimed that Alydis'
election had not been fair, but resigned from her post after half a
year after having asked for forgiveness. She defended her rights as
ruler in various - expensive - court cases against the inhabitants of
the territory and neighbouring lords. After centuries of disputes with
the clerical superiors, the Abbots of Salem, the last mentioned had
agreed with the pope to leave the responsibility to another Abbey,
much to the disdain and chock to her and the Abbesses of among others
Baindt, Gutenzell, Rottenmünster and Wald, who all protested in a
joint statement. Because of illness she was not present at the College
of the Swabian Prelates (Schwabische Reichsprälatkollegium) in 1767.
The College had one collective vote in the Ecclesiastical Bench of the
Council of Princes in the Imperial Diet. The Princess-Abbesses of
Baindt, Gutenzell and Rottenmünster were present.
She lived
(1713-73). |
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1742-53
Reigning Abbess
Louise-Claire de Montmorin de Saint-Hérem
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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Her
family belonged to a cadet branch of a noble family of Auvergne. |
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1742-45 Reigning
Abbess-General
Lucía de Mioño
of the
Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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As Abbess she was head of the
dependent Parishes of Bercial and Lorilla.
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1742-50 Feudal Duchess Donna Giovanna Maria Teresa Doria of
Tursi, Principessa di Avella (Italy) |
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Daughter of Don Giovanni Andrea II, 3rd Duca di
Tursi, Principe di Avella, Grande de Espana of 1st Class 8.4.1712,
(1663-1742) and Donna Livia, daughter of Don Marcantonio Grillo,
Marchese di Clarafuentes e Signore di Capriata. First married to Don
Giovanni Andrea IV Doria Pamphili Landi, until the marriage was
annulled in 1741 and secondly with Lazzaro Maria Doria, Marchese di
Tizzano, Patrizio Genovese (d. 1753) and mother of Maria Giovanna
Doria. She lived (1710-50) |
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1742-60 Politically Influential Princess Palatine Elisabeth
Auguste von der Pfalz-Sulzbach of the Pfalz (Germany)
1761-94 "Reigning" Lady of Oggersheim
1777-94 "Mother of the Realm" of the Kurpfalz (Palatine) |
| Oldest daughter and heir of Pfalzgraf
Joseph Karl Emanuel when married cousin Carl Theodor in a
double-marriage with her sister, Maria Anna, who married Duke Klemens
von Bayern. Since her brother's had died, she was the prime heiress to
the lines of Sulzbach and Neuburg, and after their marriage her
husband was elected Kurfürst von Pfalz. She is described as a lively
and happy person who engaged in various erotic adventures, and on the
political arena she was able to promote her political ideas in the
Kurpfalz. Especially in the first years of the Seven Year War she was
the centre of the court and was able to promote her interests in the
duchies of Jülich and Berg. In the first years of their marriage her
husband was described as weak, ill, melancholic and unable to stand up
to her, but in 1760 he started to take the affairs of state into his
own hands. Her only son died the day after his birth in June 1761, and
because of her husband's numerous affairs, she withdrew to the Schloss
Oggersheim in 1768, where she founded her own court and pursued
artistic interests and also became well loved among the population as
a benefactress. Her husband inherited Bayern in 1777 from the husband
of her sister, Maria Anna (see 1745) but they only saw each other for
a few times for the rest of their lives. After her husband had moved
to München she became Landesmutter (Mother of the Realm) in Kurpfalz,
and he concentrated on the upbringing of children of her sister, Maria
Franziska and Friedrich Michael von Pfalz-Zweibrücken. The Pfalz
remained neutral in the revolutionary wars, but later it was drawn
into the fightings and she escaped to Mannheim, her castle was looted
and burned down.
She lived
(1721-94). |
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1743-74 In charge of the Government Landgravine
Henriette Karoline
von Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld of Hessen-Darmstadt (Germany)
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Managed the affairs of state during her husband, Ludwig IX's
involvement in various wars. After their marriage in 1741 she spend a
couple of years with her husband at the Prussian Garrison Prenzlau,
and of the 32 years of marriage they only spend 14 together but they
kept in close contact trough an extensive correspondence, and she used
this to exercise a considerable political influence, and became known
as "Die Grosse Landgräfin", the Great Landgravine. She was an
efficient administrator and made Darmstadt the cultural centre of the
time. Henriette Karoline Christiane Louise was mother of 6 children
and lived (1721-74).
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1743-57 Princess-Abbess Therese Wilhelmine von
Pollheim-Winkelhausen of Lindau (Germany) |
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Her family was in charge of the Lordship of
Ottenschlag that became the centre of the Low-Austrian Protestantism
in 16th and 17th century. |
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1743-74 Princess-Abbess Ursule Antoinette van Berlo de
Francdouaire of Nivelles, Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of
Nivelles (Belgium) |
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Member of a French-Belgian noble family. |
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1744 Governor and Stadholder Anna-Maria von Habsburg of the
Southern Low Countries (Belgium and Luxembourg) (January-December) |
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Sister of Empress Maria-Theresa and married to her brother-in-law,
Prince Karl von Lothringen, who continued as Governor-General after
her death until 1746 and again 1749-80. She died in childbed and lived
(1718-44 |
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1744-60 Administratrice Hélène de Cléron of Remiremont (France) |
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Dame Doyenne and Second in Command since ca. 1717 she took over the role of
Acting Princess-Abbess after Anne Charlotte I de Lorraine left the
territory to take up residence by her brother, Karl von Lothringen,
Governor-General of the Low Countries in 1744, and was never to return
to her chapter.
(d. 1760). |
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1745-48 Regent Dowager Duchess Karoline von Erbach-Fürstenau of
Sachsen-Hildburghausen (Germany) |
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Also known as Caroline, she took over the regency of the small duchy
with high debts after the death of her husband, Ernst Friedrich II
(1707-45), for their son, Ernst Friedrich III (1727-45-80).
She was daughter of lived
(1700-58). |
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1745-90 Politically Influential Duchess Maria Anna von der
Pfalz-Sulzbach von Bayern (Germany) |
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As
a leading member of the Anti-Austrian Patriotic Group at the Court of
Munich, she played a leading role in the continued existence of the
Electorate Bavaria as an unified state. Her husband, Herzog Clemens
Franz de Paula, was the nephew of Elector and Emperor Karl Albrecht
VII. After the death of the emperor in 1745 Maria Anna entered the
political scene. She managed to persuade the new Elector, Maximillian
III Joseph, to adopt a policy of neutrality. During the 7 year war,
(1756–1763), during which Bavaria sided with France-Austria, she took
up contact with Friedrich II von Preußen, and they engaged in a heavy
correspondence. After Elector Max III Joseph died in 1777, the
Bavarian throne was inherited by the husband of her sister, Elisabeth
Auguste (see 1742), Elector Karl Theodor von der Pfalz. He seemed to
be inclined to accept Emperor Joseph II's claims on parts of the
state, but Maria Anna advocated for a continued united Bavaria, and
found an ally in Friedrich II, who took part in the succession-war in
1778-79. She was also one of the leading forces of a the
Bavarian-Dutch movement for exchange of lands in 1784/85, and she
therefore supported Friedrich IIs "Prince-Union Project" of 1785 and
was able to secure the continued existence of the united Electorate of
Bavaria. She lived (1722-90). |
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1745-90 Politically influential Marquise Jeanne Antoinette
Poisson Le Normant d'Étioles de Pompadour in France
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Madame de Pompadour was the mistress of King Louis XV of France for
about 5 years after 1745, and remained his confidante until her death.
Of middle-class origin, she owed her success mainly to her
intelligence and capabilities. She urged the appointment of the duc de
Choiseul and other Ministers and encouraged the French alliance
with Austria, which involved France in the Seven Years War. She
favoured Voltaire and other writers of the Encyclopédie. She employed
many artists to decorate her residences, and encouraged the
manufacture of Sèvres ware. She
lived (1721-64). |
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1746-70 Sovereign Princess Irdana Bi Erdeni of Khokanda/Khugand
or Farghana
(Uzbekistan)
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Succeeded
'Abd al-Karim Khan (1736-46) and succeeded by Sulaiman who reigned for less than a year as Prince
of Khokanda, which is a city near Tashkent, now located in a far
eastern part of Uzbekistan. Founded in 1732, it stands on the site of
the ancient city of Khavakend, obliterated by the Mongols in the 3rd
century. It was ruled by the Dzungarian Kalmyks (Kalmucks) until 1758,
when it became part of China. |
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1746-77 Joint Sovereign Countess Maria Friederike Sophia
Charlotte von Hessen-Homburg of a Portion of Limpurg-Sontheim - the
Lordship of Limpurg-Gröningen
(Germany)
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The
only surviving daughter of Christiane Magdalena zu Limpurg-Sontheim
(1683-1746) and Ludwig Georg von Hessen-Homburg (1693-1728),
the inheritance of
her mother and 7 other female heirs which had been in dispute since
1713, was not settled until 1774 and she came in possesion of the
Lordship of Limpurg-Sontheim-Gröningen.
At the age of 13 she was
married to Karl-Philipp-Franz von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein
(1702-63), who was was judge of
the Chamber Court, one of the highest offices in the realm, and was created
a Prince of Hohenlohe-Bartenstin.
According to her her granddaughter, Sophie, she was not very happy
about her inheritance of the Castle and Lordship of Gröningen, but
would have preferred Obersontheim, where she was born. But she soon
started modernizing the castle, and in 1776 she took up residence here.
As she was catholic she took over the Chapel of the Castle and build a
new evangelical church for the inhabitants of the village, and was succeeded by
the oldest of her 4 sons, Ludwig Leopold (1777-98-99), and and lived (1714-77). |
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1746-60 (†) Councillor of State Queen Maria-Amalia von Sachsen-Poland
of The Two Sicilies (Italy) |
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Became a member of the Council of State after the birth of her first
son, after 9 years of marriage. Her older son Carlos became son of
Spain, the younger, Fernando, King of Napoli. She
lived (1724-60). |
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1746-58 De-facto Ruler Queen Bárbara Bragança of Spain and the
Indies |
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Very powerful during the reign of her weak husband, Fernando IV of
Spain (1713-46-59), who depended completely upon her and like her
mother-in-law, Elisabeth Farnese before her, she excluded him from
policy making and kept him out of public affairs. She strongly
supported the diplomacy of neutrality. The new conjuncture of peace,
reform and good luck placed unprecedented revenue the royal couple's
disposal. She spent much of her time in a state of neurosis. Like her
husband, she went about daily in fear of sudden death, which her
asthmatic tendency may have encouraged. After her death, her husband
relapsed into a manic depression and died shortly after.
The daughter of King João V of Portugal and Maria Ana de Áustria, who
was regent of Portugal (1642-50), she was heiress presumptive for the
first two years of her life and second-in-line trough out much of her
life (1711-58). |
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1746 Sultan Mwana Mimi Hadiga of Patta-Pate and Witu (Kenya) |
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There were 4 sultans that year. Pate is an island of the coast of
Kenya. |
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1746-79 Joint Sovereign Countess Amöne Sophia II zu Löwenstein-Wertheim
of a Portion of Limpurg-Sontheim (Germany) |
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Daughter of Amöne Sophia I zu Limpurg-Sontheim, and married to
Bertrand-Philipp von Gronsfeld-Diepenbroick, and was succeeded by son,
Johann Bertrand, thought the succession was not undisputed until a
final agreement between all the co-heirs in 1775.She lived (1718-79). |
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1746-98 Joint Sovereign Countess Karoline Christiane zu
Löwenstein-Wertheim zu Virneburg of a portion of Limpurg-Speckfeld
(Germany) |
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Youngest daughter of Amöne Sophia I zu Limpurg-Sontheim, and married
to Karl-Christian-Wilhelm von Pückler (d. 1786) establishing the line
of Limpurg-Pückler. She was succeeded by daughter, Wilhelmine
Henriette Karoline and two sons. Karoline Christiane lived (1719-93). |
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1746-57 Joint Sovereign Countess Sophia von
Schönburg-Waldenburg of a Portion of
Limpurg-Sontheim-Schmiedenfeld-Speckfeld (Germany) |
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Known as Countess von Rechteren Limpurg, she was the daughter of
Friederike Auguste zu Limpurg-Sontheim, and first married to her
cousin Johann Philipp von Löwenstein-Wertheim, who was son of her
mother, Friederike Auguste's sister, Amöne Sophia I. Secondly married
to her relative Friedrich Ernst von Weltz, the son of Albertine von
Limburg-Speckfeld. Sophie was succeeded by daughter, Friederike-Amöne,
and lived (1712-57). |
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1746-47 Rebellion Participant Flora MacDonald in Scotland
(United Kingdom) |
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After the defeat of the Jacobite uprising, and its leader "Bonnie"
Prince Charlie (Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender) at the
battle of Culloden in 1746, Charles was forced into hiding and Flora
MacDonald helped him escape. Disguised as a woman, Charles Stuart was
smuggled off the Isle of Ulst by Flora and Neil MacDonald (another
supporter). There were several close calls during the escape; news
arrived that General Campbell had landed on the island to search for
the fleeing prince. Soon after his escape, she was labelled as a
traitor, tracked down and arrested, and imprisoned briefly in the
tower of London. She later married her fiancé, Allan, and mothered a
family of seven children. She immigrated to North Carolina in the
1770s, but they later moved to Nova Scotia after they lost everything
supporting the British in the War of Independence. Several years later
she returned home to the Britain, where she lived until her death.
She lived
(1722-90). |
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1747-ca.60 Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lele Perkasa Setiawan Dato'
Rambut Panjang, Dato' Undang of Luak Johol (Malaysia) |
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Succeeded by another woman - Dato' Johan Pahlawan Lela Perkasa
Setiawan Dato' Putri Setiawan II, Dato' Undang of Luak
Johol (1760-90). |
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1747-52 Regent Dowager Duchess Johanna Elisabeth von
Holstein-Gottorp of Anhalt-Zerbst (Germany) |
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After the death of her husband, Christian August (160-42-47), she was
regent for son, Friedrich-August, who was Duke of Anhalt-Zerbst, Duke
of Sachsen, Angaria and Westphalia, Count of Ascania, Lord of Bernburg,
Zerbst, Jever and Knyphausen. Her daughter later became Catharina II
of Russia, and inherited Jever after the death of her brother in 1793.
Johanna Elisabeth lived (1712-60). |
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1747-63 Princess Mary Cousaponkeesa Musgrove Bosomworth of
Ossaba, Sapelo and Saint Catherine Islands (Creek Indian) (USA) |
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Mary Musgrove was the daughter of a white South Carolina trader and an
Indian Princess - a sister of the "old Brim or Bream," Emperor of the
Creeks. In 1716 she married John Musgrove, and they established a
trading post at Yamacraw Bluff in 1732 and Savannah was founded on
this site a year later. The arrival of Oglethorpe and the settlement
of Georgia presented an unprecedented opportunity for Mary to advance
her fortunes both socially and financially. After her husband's death
in 1734 she married Jacob Matthews, who died in 1742 Three years after
she married Thomas Bosomworth and together they secured a grant of
Saint Catherine, Sapelo, and Ossaba Islands from the Creeks in
addition to a tract of land lying between Savannah and Pipe maker's
Creek. She acted as interpreter between the whites and Indians and was
also involved in the Indian wars.
She lived (1700-63). |
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1747-59 Princess-Abbess Franziska von Gall, Gutenzell (Germany) |
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In
1753 the Chapter (Stift) came under the protection of von Kaisheim
with the approval of the Abbot-General Trouvé. During 1755-57
Dominikus Zimmermann finished the renovation of the Chapter Church in
Baroque style. His daughter, Alexandra, became Princess-Abbess in
1759. |
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1748-50/53 Sultan Ratu Sarifah Fatima of Bantam (Bali)
(Indonesia) |
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Appointed sultan after her husband, Mangkubumi was arrested after an
uprising against the Dutch occupiers. She was later deposed and banned
from the state by the same Dutch regents. |
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1748
Regent The Dowager Rani of
Chamba
(India) |
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Known as "The Jammu Princess",
she was widow of Paramanabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Ugra Singh who
was deposed in 1734 and died the following year. When her son,
Paramanabhattaraka Maharajadhiraja Umed Singh Varma Deva succeede
(1725-48-64) a cousin, she was in charge of the government. |
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1748-54 De facto co-ruler Queen Udham Bai of the Mughal Empire
(India) |
|
Became powerful after the death of her husband, Muhammad Shah (Rawshan
Akhtar) (1719-48), who lost the province of Kabul to Persia and during
whose reign other provinces became practically independent. Her son,
Ahmad Shah Badahur, was no stronger, and she dominated him completely.
When The Marathas in Punjab rebelled, her son chose to flee,
abandoning her and the other women at court. He was captured, blinded,
and deposed and died in confinement in 1775. |
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1748-51 and 1754-56
Reigning Abbess-General
Josefa Carrillo y Ocampo
of
the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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Re-elected to the post of Abbess of the Abbey. |
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1748-82 Abbess
Louise Sophie Friederike af Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Glücksborg of
the Chapter of Vallø (Denmark) |
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As
all members of her family she
used the titles: "Heiress to Norway, Duchess to Schleswig-Holstein, Glücksburg, Stormarn and Ditmarsken". She processed both secular and
ecclesiastical authority in the whole territory of the Lutheran
chapter for unmarried noble ladies, though the founder, Dowager Queen
Sofie Magdalene had secured herself the right of veto for life.
Louise Sophie was daughter of Duke Philipp Ernst of Holstein-Glücksburg
and his first wife Christiane of Sachsen-Eisenberg, she was succeeded
by her niece, Sophie Magdalene, and lived (1709-82). |
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After 1749 Titular Senior Rani Uthradam Tirunal of Attingal in
Travancore (India) |
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Adopted into the Royal House of Travancore in 1749, held the
Principality of Attingal as her dowry jointly with sister, and married a Kochi Koil Tampuran of Tattara Kovil. Mother of two sons. |
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After 1749 Titular Junior Rani of Attingal in Travancore
(India) |
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Together with her sisters, she was adopted into the Royal House of
Travancore. She married a Kochi Koil Tampuran of Edathara Matam.
Mother of one son and one daughter. |
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Around 1750 Queen Kapango of Mbunza (Namibia) |
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Sister of the Uukwangali Queen Mate I. She ruled around 1750
and settled in the Mbunza area of the Kavango. This resulted in the
establishment of the two kingdoms in the western Kavango, the
Uukwangali Kingdom and the Mbunza Kingdom. |
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Around 1750 Hompa Mate I of Uukwangali (Namibia) |
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In
the Kavango, the earliest recorded Uukwangali Queen was Mate I. She
ruled around 1750. She left the Mashi area and settled in present-day
Kavango, west of Nkurenkuru in today's Angola. Her sister, Kapango,
settled in the Mbunza area of the Kavango. This resulted in the
establishment of the two kingdoms in the western Kavango, the
Uukwangali Kingdom and the Mbunza Kingdom. The possible successor of
Hompa Mate I was Queen Nankali (between 1750 and 1775). |
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1750-75 Hompa Nankali of Uukwangali (Namibia) |
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The
possible successor of Mate I was Nakali. |
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Before 1750 Queen Masamba Omubitokati of Bunyoro-Kitara
(Uganda) |
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Olimi III was king (1710-30) and Duhaga I Cwa reigned (1731-82). |
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Until 1750 Queen Regnant Ululani of Hilo (Hawai'i) |
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Daughter of Mokulani, 6th Alii of Hilo, she first married The Hon.
Keawe-a-Heulu. Her second husband Keawemauhili became joint chief of
Hilo, an island of Hawai'i. |
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1750-54 Queen Regnant Bety of Betsimisaraka of
Tamatave or Betsimisaraka
at the Île de
Sainte-Marie (Madagascar) |
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In
the end of the 17th and the beginning 18th centuries, the Island of
Saint Marie was frequented by numerous pirates, who had good relations
with the local population. Ratsimilaho was son of the English pirate,
Thomas Tew White and a daughter of a local chief, set up his own kingdom.
After a rule of 30 years he was succeeded by his daughter, Bety or
Betty, who married the French pirate Jean Onésime Filet - known
as Zanahary. In 1754 her
mother, Mamadion, had the French administrator Gosse killed and the
rest of the French massacred, because he had profaned the grave of her
husband. Bety was blamed, and sent in exile at the Ile de France
(Mauritius), where she died. Her husband remained in power until
1767. She (d. 1872), |
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1750 Regent Dowager Countess Karoline Friederike zu
Salm-Grumbach of Salm-Dhaun (Germany) |
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After the death of her husband, Johann Friedrich (1727-50), she
assumed the regency for their two sons Karl Leopold Ludwig (1748-50)
and Friedrich Wilhelm (born and dead 1750). She was born as Wild- und
Rheingräfin in Grumbach, and lived (1733-83). |
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Until 1750 Chieftainess Hoho of The Khoikhoi (South Africa) |
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1713 a smallpox epidemic had decimated the Khoikhoi (previously known
as Hottentot) and in 1750 she was defeated by the Xhosa, and the tribe
was assimilated into the Xhosa, and the only trace of them today is
the click-sound in the Xhosa language. |
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Ca.
1750-60 Queen Awura Danse Poukou of Baule (The Ivory Coast) |
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Successor of Asak Poku, who reigned from the beginning of the century,
and was succeeded by a niece, whose name is not known. |
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1750-90 Sovereign Duchess Zofia Lubomirska of Opole and Medyka
in Lubelszczyzna (Poland)
1754-90 Ruler of Przeworsk and Dobromil
1754-90 Politically Influential in Poland |
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Daughter of Aleksander Krasiński and Salomea Trzcińska. Until 1750 she
was married to Voivode Jan Tarło of Sandomierz. Since 1754 she was
married to Voivode Antoni Lubomirski of Lublin. I 1768-1772 she
supported The Confederation of Bar - a military union of nobility,
which fought against the Russian domination in Poland and the
political reforms of king Stanisław August Poniatowski. In 1788-1792
she supported actively the political reforms of king Stanisław August
Poniatowski and the Great Sejm. During the debate of the Great Sejm
she supported the Patriotic Party. She wrote the political books about
the reforms in Poland, and lived (1718-1790). |
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1750-64 Princess-Abbess Hedwig Sophie Auguste von Holstein-Gottorp of Herford (Germany)
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Concurrently Pöpstin in Quedlinburg in a
personal-union, but resided in Herford, When she took office, she
confirmed Johann Moritz v. Oeynhausen zur Grevenburg
as tenant of a number of estats of the chapter, using the titulature, Hedwig Sophia Augusta Herzogin zu Schleswig-Holstein,
Äbtissin des Stifts Herford, and in 1753 Freiderich Ulrich von Oeynhausen took
over. She was daughter of Duke Christian
August of Slesvig-Holsten-Gottorp and Albertine Friederike zu Baden-Durlach. Her
sister, Friederike Amalie (1708-32) was a canoness at Quedlinburg. She
lived (1705- 1764). |
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1750-... 2nd Asantehemaa Nana Nkatia Ntem Abamoo of
Asante (Ghana) |
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As
Asantehemaa, or Queen mother, during the reign of king Kusi Obodom
(1750-64), she was a full member and co-President of the governing
body and she took part in all important decisions. She was de facto
royal co-ordinator and possessed traditional legitimacy in determining
the right successor to the stool of the Ashanti King. She exercised a
general supervisory authority over women but did not in fact represent
the overall interest of the women. Nana Nkatia was succeeded by Kaua
Afriye at a not known time. |
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1750-1832
Feudal Duchess
Maria Giovanna Doria of Tursi, 5.
Principessa di Avella, Marchesa di Caravaggio (Italy) |
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Daughter of
of Giovanna Maria
Teresa Doria, Duchessa di Tursi, Principessa di Avella, etc
(1710-42-50) and her second husband, Lazzaro Maria Doria, Marchese
di Tizzano, Patrizio Genovese (d. 1753), married to Don Andrea Doria,
Marchese di Caravaggio, Conte di Loano, (1738-71) who was son of
Bianca Maria von Sinzedorf, Marchesa di Caravaggio
(1717.83) and grandson of Johann Wilhelm von Sinzedorf and
Bianca Maria Sforza, Marchesa di Caravaggio. Her daughter,
Donna Bianca Doria (d.
1829), held the title of Tursi, a title inherited by her
husband and son. She lived (1743-1832). |
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1751-66 Regent Dowager Landgravine Ulrike Louise von
Solms-Braunfels of Hessen-Homburg (Germany) |
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Widow of Friedrich IV (1724-46-51) and regent for son Friedrich V
(b. 1848). She was engaged in legal battles over the regency with Landgraf Ludwig VIII of Hessen-Darmstadt, and lived (1731-92). |
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1751-59 Governess Dowager Princess Anne of Great Britain of
Friesland, Nassau and Oranje etc. (The
Netherlands) |
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After the death of husband, Willem IV van Oranje-Nassau, she took over
the government for her minor son. In government affairs, she at first
pleased by her quick actions and decisions; however, she was also
tyrannical and unpredictable. Born as daughter of the future King
George II of Great Britain, she was Princess of Great Britain and
Ireland, Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Braunschweig and Lüneburg and
from 1727 also Princess Royal. When she died after a long period of
consumption, her mother-in-law, Marie-Louise von Hessen-Kassel, became
regent for the second time.
Anne lived
(1709-59). |
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1751-71 Political Influential Queen-Consort Lovisa Ulrika von
Preussen of Sweden |
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Engaged in an endless squabble with the Senate and Estates whose
powers were unparalleled at the time during the reign of her weak
husband, Adolf Frederik. Her goal was to restore royal powers and was
in opposition to both the existing parties, the Hatt Partiet (The Hat
Party) and the Cap party, which both wanted to maintain status quo. In
1756 she was involved in a failed coup d'état with the newly
established Hovpartiet (Court Party). The plan was discovered, and the
persons involved where executed or exiled and she received a strong
note from the government. After her husband's death she became a
patron of arts and science. The daughter of Friedrich Wilhelm of
Preussen and Sofia Dorothea von Hannover, she was mother of three sons
and a daughter, Sophia Albertina, who became Princess-Abbess of
Quedlinburg in 1787, and lived (1720-82). |
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1751-58 Regent Dowager Countess Charlotte Wilhelmine zu
Pappenheim of Alt-Leiningen (Germany) |
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After the her husband Georg Hermann (1679–1751) died after being run
down by a heavy carriage, she ruled in the name of Christian Johann,
Count zu Leiningen-Westerburg und Altleiningen (1730-51-70), She was
born as Reichs-Erbmarschallin und Gräfin zu Pappenheim (Hereditary
Marshall of the Realm and Countess), and lived (1708-92). |
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From 1751 Payung e-ri Luwu Petta Matinroe ri Kaluku Bodoe of
Luwu (Indonesia) |
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Succeeded another female ruler, We Tenrileleang Aisyah Bahjatuddin, as
the fourth successive women on the throne of Luwu since 1713. It is
not known how long her reign lasted. |
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1751-68 Princess-Abbess Cäcilia Seitz of Baindt (Germany) |
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In
1767 she was the last Abbess from the territory to personally
participate in the Schwabische Reichsprälatkollegium - which chose and send
representatives to the Imperial Diet. The Princess-Abbess of Gutenzell
and Rottenmünster were also present. |
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1751-78
Princess-Abbess
Maria Henrica von Poppen | |