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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN
POWER
1570-1600
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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1570-1609 Ratu Loharaung of Tagulandang (Indonesia) |
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Daughter of a local minor ruler, Raja Bowntehu, she became the first
monarch of whole Tagulandang. Succeeded by Prince Balango, the son of her daughter,
Princess Tansekoa. |
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1570-79 Regent and Guardian Maria Jacobäa von Baden of Baden-Baden (Germany) |
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Together with her son, Duke Albrecht V von Bayern (1528-79), she was
guardian for her grandson, Margrave Philipp II von Baden-Baden
(1559-69-99) after the death of both his parents, Philibert
(1536-54-69) and Mechtild von Bayern (1532-65) (Her daughter).
Philbert, had inherited Baden-Baden from his father, Bernhard III,
who was her uncle, and who had inherited his share of the state when
her father died as she was his only child. The other share was
inherited by her other uncle Ernst I, and their decendants:
Christoph, Philipp and Karl von Baden-Durlach claimed the regency,
but she had already received the homage by the inhabitants and
Estates ("die Erbhuldigung eingenommen") and was confirmed as regent
by the Emperor. She lived (1507-80). |
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1570-81 Reigning Dowager Duchess Katharina von Mecklenburg of
Hainau (Chojnów) (Poland) |
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In
1538 she was married to Duke Friederich III von Liegnitz and held
the Slesian Duchy as her dowry. Also known as Katarzyna
Meklemburska, she was daughter of Duke Heinrich V von Mecklenburg
and Helena von der Pfalz, mother of sons and 3 daughters, and lived
(1518-81). |
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Around 1570 Leader of the Immigration to
Kiribati
Nei Anginimaeao
Around 1570 Chief of Tabiang in Kiribati |
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According to the oral history, she lead the immigration to the
Kiribati islands together with her brother, Na Kouteba, who
commanded a fleet of canoes which left Beru, not long after the wars
had started under Tem Mwea, when Bakarerenteiti was Uea of Beru. No
one was in danger of losing lands on Beru Island and it seems
probable that she and her followers thought it a good
time to settle on an island not quite so crowded. Others had left
during the wars and settled on most of the islands to the north as
far as Marakei. She clearly knew exactly where she was
going and what she was going to do, and she did it with superb
skill. Afterwards she became chief of parts of the islands. |
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Around 1570 Chief Nei Teborata of Toakira (Kiribati) |
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One of the followers of Nei Anginimaeao, who gave her the territory to
administer on her own. Kiribati still has female chiefs. If there are only daughters in the family, the eldest daughter would be called Chiefess but the nearest male relative will do the work until the son of the Chiefess will be old enough to take it on. The
succession passes to the firstborn child, and if the eldest child is a daughter she will be called Chief but her eldest brother will do the
work until her eldest son is old enough to take it on. |
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1570-71 Joint County Sheriff Margrethe Nielsdatter Bild of
the County of Ørbæk, Denmark |
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Margrethe Bild was given the
tenantcy for life together with her husband, Henrik Friis til
Hesselager, who died in March 1571. She died two months later. They
had 13 children together. (d. 1571). |
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Until 1570 County Sheriff Karen Pederdatter Fikkesen of
the County of
Gedestorp, Denmark |
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Karen
Fikkesen was widow of Mads Torbernsen til Sandby (of the Hässelholm
family), and held the tenantcy as security for loans (Pantelen). |
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Until 1570 County Sheriff Karen
Krumstrup of Toreby Birk, Denmark |
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Widow of
Lave Urne, she held it as security for lones jointly with Jakob
Brockenhuus. |
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1570-77 Princess-Abbess Anne Marie von Anhalt of Gernrode and
Frose (Germany) |
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Also known as Anna Maria von Anhalt-Bernburg-Zerbst, she succeeded her
aunt as the first of 4 sisters to occupy the now titular dignity
as Fürstäbtissin. The territory had in reality been incorporated
into the Principality of Anhalt, with her father as "administrator"
and holder of Gernrode's vote in the Diet of the Realm (Reichstag).
She resigned in order to marry Duke Joachim Friederich
Schlesien, Duke of Liegnitz, Brieg and Wohlau (1550-1602), and
became mother of 6 children. She was daughter of Prince Joachim
Ernst von Anhalt and Eleonore von Württemberg, and lived
(1551-1605). |
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1570-81
Reigning Abbess-General
Francisca Manrique
of
the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos
(Spain)
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Member of an ancient and influential noble family in Castilla. |
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1571-1600 Princess-Abbess Anna Jakobäa von Sulzbach of
Säckingen (Germany) |
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As the only canoness remaining in the Chapter, she was elected by the
canons. Expanded the possessions of the chapter and continued the
building projects of her predecessor and
1575 the new residence of the chapter (Stiftsgebäude) was finished.
The year before Ursula Giel had entered the chapter and was soon
after followed by 2 other ladies. Also known as Maria Jacobe, she
lived (1538-1600). |
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1571-72 Acting County Sheriff Beate Klausdatter Bille of the
County of Rødinge and the Shire of Frost (At the time part of
Denmark, now Sweden)
Until 1575
County Sheriff
of Vissenbjerg Birk,
Denmark |
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Beate Bille was married to Otto Tygesen Brahe, Councillor of the Realm
and Fief-holder of Helsingborg. She administered the tenantcy in
Skåne, now Sweden, jointly with Sidsel Oxe. Among her children were the famous astronomer Tycho Brahe, and Margrethe, who was
County Sheriff (Lensmand) of Lanskrona in 1612, and lived (1526-1605). |
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1571-.. County Sheriff Magdalene of the County of
Møgeltønder, Denmark |
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Widow of
Claus Rantzau. |
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1571-87 County Sheriff Karen Ottesdatter Blome of the County
of Hørbygård,
Denmark |
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Karen
Blome was widow of Mogens Godske (of the Bielke Family), who had
previsously been married to Margrethe Torbendsdatter Sparre. She was
from Holstein and her family was close to the king, who gave them
joint ownership of the tenantcy of Hørbygård from 1539 and he later
held many tenantcies and fiefs. She (d. 1587). |
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1571-74 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Margravine Katharina
von Braunschweig of Crossen in Brandenburg-Küstrin (Germany) |
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During the reign of her husband,
Markgraf Johann von Küstrin, she was
instrumental in the spread of the Reformation in the Margraviate of
Brandenburg. She had so-called "wild garden" in a suburb of Küstrin
and other goods in Schaumburg, Drew and her favorite seat Dębno, a
gift from her husband. She settled Dutch religious refugees here, who
started a vibrant clothi-making industry. She built a school and a
church and in 1562, Dębno was granted a city charter. Also founded the
first pharmacy in Ośno Lubuskie and built another in Küstrin from
which she provided the poor with free medicine. She was very popular,
was known by the population as Mother Käte. She
was mother of 2 daughters, and lived
(1518-74). |
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1571-1614 Hereditary Countess Elisabeth von Stolberg of
Wertheim and Bereuberg (Germany)
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The 3 daughters of Count Ludwig of Stolberg, Lord of Wertheim am
Main and Königstein am Taunus were joint heiresses. Their husbands: Count
Dietrich VI von Manderscheid-Schleiden, Philipp von Eberstein and
Ludwig von Löwenstein alternated in the government for one year at
the time until the possessions were divided in 1581. Elisabeth's
first husband died in 1593 and the following year she married
Wilhelm von Kreichingen. She had no children. |
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1572-1604 Sovereign Duchess Catherine de Bourbon de Navarra of
Albret, Comtesse d'Armagnac and Rodez
1577 Lieutenant-général of Béarn
1582-92 Regent of Béarn (France) |
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Succeeded her mother, Juana III of Navarra in some of her fiefs, and
was also Princess of Navarra and "Madame France" through her father,
Antoine de Vendôme. She was heir presumptive to the throne of
Navarre, the County of Bearn, the Co-Principality of Andorra and the
Duchy of Donnezan. Her brother, King Henri III of Navarra, became
Henri IV of France in 1589 and two years after her death she had a
son. She was married to Henri de Lorraine, Duc de Bar, who was
succeeded by his daughter by the second marriage, Nicoläa. Catharine
had no children, and lived (1559-1604). |
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Ca.
1572-1605 Sovereign Countess Marie de Brimeu of Megen (The
Netherlands) |
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It
is not clear if she was the direct successor of Charles de Brimeu,
who died 1572, but she is recorded as regent of the Free Imperial
County jointly with her husband, Charles de Croÿ-Aarschot, Duke of
Croÿ and Prince de Chimay, who died 1610, and was succeeded by a
distant relative, François Henri de Croÿ-Crecques. |
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1572-90 Guardian Dowager Countess Dorothea von
Solms-Sonnenwalde of Reuss zu Gera (Germany)
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Her
son, Heinrich II Posthumous
(1572-1635), was born 2 months after her husband,
Heinrich XVI Reuss zu Plauen, Gera and Krainchfeld, died in April,
and she was guardian while some male relatives acted as regents. Her son was also Lord of 1/6 of Lobstein from 1577 and 1/3 of Ober-Kranichfeld from 1596 until he
inherited all the estates of Ober-Kranichfeld and Lobenstein in
1616.
She lived
(1547-95). |
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1572-90 Countess Regnant Marguerite de Foix of Candale,
d'Astarac et de Bénauges (France) |
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After her brother, Henri, was killed at Sommiéres, she inherited her
family's possessions. She was married to Jean-Louis de Nogaret de la
Valette, Duc d'Epernon (1554-1642), but had no children. She
imprisoned her sister, Madame Françoise de Candale (d. 1649), and
forced her to become a nun, but after her death, she left the
convent and started a process in order to gain the family
possessions.
Marguerite lived (1567-93). |
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1572-1624 Reigning Abbess Jehanne I de Bourbon of Jouarre (France) |
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Her sister Charlotte been Abbess before her but became a protestant and later
married Willem van Oranje-Nassau, Stadtholder of the Netherlands. Another sister
was Louise, Abbess of Faremoutier, (1548-86). They were Duc Louis II de Bourbon
"le Bon" de Montpensier, etc, and his first wife Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess
de Bar sur Seine. She lived (1541-1624). |
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1572-73 and 1576-79 County Sheriff Dorthe Iversdatter Krabbe
of Spøtrup, Denmark |
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Jomfru
Dorthe Krabbe was granted the tenantcy jointly with her fiancé, Count
Günther von Barby, but he died, and she married Benedikt von
Ahlefeldt, who was County Sheriff 1573-76. After his death she
married Erik Lykke. |
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1572-1604 Overseer of the Crown Lands
Zofia Działyńska of Brodnica, Poland |
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As representative of the king she was in charge of
certain aspects of the local administration. |
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1573 Regent Dowager Duchess Dedis Imedi Bagration of Samtzkhe
(Georgia)
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Governed in the name of her son
Minucihr after the death of her husband, Duke Kaihosro II Djakeli.
After the Ottomans conquered the country, he converted to Islam and took the name, Mustafa, and she
was bestowed with 3 villages. She was
daughter of Duke Bagrat I of Muchrani, and (d. 1580). |
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1573-76
Princess-Abbess
Anna II von Harrach
of
Göss bei Leoben (Austria)
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Possibly daughter of Count Leonhard III von Harrach and Barbara von Gleinitz and
widow of Leonhard von Sinzendorf (1506-48). She lived (1510-76).
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1573 Acting County Sheriff Anne Corfitzdatter Hardenberg of the
County of Helsingborg (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
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Of
high nobility, Anne Hardenberg was chambermaid to Queen Dorothea
1557-71, and here she got to know king Frederik 2 (king from 1559)
who fell in love with her, and wanted to marry her, but this met
widespread opposition. In 1572 she married Councillor of the Realm,
Oluf Mouritsen Krognos, who died after only six months marriage. She
lived at her dowry Bregentved and managed to keep her husband's
family at distance with the help of the royal family.
She (d. 1589). |
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Ca.
1573-81 County Sheriff
Margrethe Christensdatter Sandbjerg of Øland and Vig Len,
Denmark |
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Margrethe Sandberg was widow of Niels Kjeldsen Juel til Astrup, Bøvling Len og Vilstedgård Len.
(d. 1581). |
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1574-84 Regent Dowager Duchess Françoise
de Bourbon-Vendôme of Sedan (Sagan) (France) |
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She took the reins after death of her husband Henri-Robert de La
March, Duke of Sagan and Titular Duke of Bouillon, in the name of her
son Guillaume-Robert (1562-88), who was succeeded by sister,
Charlotte. Françoise was daughter of Louis III de Montpensier and
Jacqueline de Longwy, comtesse de Bar-sur-Seine and lived (1539-1587) |
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1574-84
Princess-Abbess Elisabeth II zu Regenstein of Quedlinburg
(Germany) |
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Daughter of
Count Ulrich VI of Regenstein (Reinstein) and Countess Magdalena von
Stolberg. |
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Until 1574 Princess-Abbess Magdalena zu Wied-Runkel of Elten
(Germany) |
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She
was daughter of Count Johan III zu Wied and Elisabeth of
Nassau-Dillenburg. (d. 1574). |
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1574-78 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Countess Walburga
zu Wied of the Town, Adminsitrative Office and Winery of Butzbach in Stolberg
(Germany) |
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Widow of Count Ludwig zu Stolberg, whose sister
was Princess-Abbess Anna II von Quedlinburg. Her own sister was
Princess-Abbess Magdalena von Elten. Her husband inherited Königstein from
his relative Count Eberhard
IV zu
Eppstein-Königstein in 1535, Wertheim, Breuberg from his daughter Katharina, the
widow of the last count of Wertheim und Breuberg, Michael III, in 1556
and it fell to their younger daughter Anna zu Stolberg-Rochefort and
her husband Ludwig III von Löwenstein in 1598. (d. 1578). |
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1574 Acting County Sheriff
Kirstine Clausdatter Ulfeldt of the County of Koldinghus with the
Shires of Brusk, Jerlev, Holmans, Tørrild and ½ of Andst, Denmark |
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Kirstine Ulfeldt was widow of Morten Svendsen (Orning) til Eget, who
had been appointed Lensmand of Koldinghus in 1563 by Queen Dorothea,
who held it as her dowry. He was member of a poor noble family and
had first been married to
Maren Clausdatter (Strangesen), widow of Godske
Holck.
Kirstine had first been married to Poul Abildgaard til Vranderup,
and (d. 1589). |
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1574 Acting County Sheriff Gørvel Abrahamsdatter
Gyldenstierne of the Counties of Høgsted, Katsløse and Magleby in
Skåne (Then Denmark, now Sweden)
1574-77
County Sheriff of Bekkeskov Kloster,
Denmark |
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Gørvel
Gyldenstierne til Asserbo had exchanged other property to get the 3
tenantcies. She had first been married to Gert Jensen Ulfstand til
Bønnet and secondly to Laue Truedsen Ulfstand til Torup. She (d.
1577). |
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1574 Acting County Sheriff Berite Eriksdatter Banner of the
County of Vester Skerning, Denmark |
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Berite Danner exchanged the tenantcy with other lands. Her first
husband, Claus Bryske died 1565, in 1578 she married Knud Bille (d.
1592). She (d. 1591). |
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Until 1574 Marquise Marie de Clèves de l'Isle, Countess
de Beaufort (France) |
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Daughter of Francois I de Clèves, Duke of Nevers. 1574 she married
Henri I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, Duc d'Enghien, and died during
the birth of her daughter, Catherine de Bourbon, Marquise d'Isles
(1574-95). She lived (1553-74). |
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1574-95 Marquise Catherine de Bourbon of de l'Isle, Countess
de Beaufort (France) |
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Succeeded mother, Marie de Clèves, who died during her birth.
Catherine lived
(1574-95). |
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1574-83 Politically Influential Nurbanu Sultan Valide Sultan
of The Ottoman Empire (Covering Turkey, Greece, The Balkans, parts
of the Middle East and Northern Africa) |
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When her husband, Selim III died, she kept his corpse in an icebox to
conceal the death until her son, Murad III (1574-95), could be
summoned from Manisa, where he was governor. He arrived 12 days
later, and she run the government together with the Grand
Vizier Sokollu Mehmet Pasha and became the chief advisor of her son.
She also carried on a correspondence with the regent of France,
Catherine de' Medici, promoting good relations between the two
courts. She was the first of influential women in the period called
the Sultanate of Women. Probably born as Cevilia Venier-Baffo, the
illegitimate issue of two Venetian noble families, and was she captured
by the Turks on the Aegean Island of Paros in 1537, and lived (1525-83). |
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1575-86 Rex Poloniae Anna Jagiellonka of Poland |
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Succeeded her father,
King Zygmunt I the Old of Poland, and was
co-regent with her husband Stefan Batory, but she was not
politically influential and only titular "king". After the death of
her husband, she introduced nephew Zygmunt Vasa of Sweden (the son
of her sister) on the throne. She was a follower of the
Contra-reformation, and lived (1523-96). |
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After 1575-86 Regent Dowager Margravine Cecilia Vasa of
Baden-Rodemachern (Germany) |
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Also known as Cäcilia Wasa, she was allowed to take over the regency
after many years of processes against the stipulation in the will of
her husband, Christoph II of Baden (1537-75). Her son, Eduard
Fortunatus von Baden (1565-1600), was Margrave of Baden-Baden
(1588-96). She lived a stormy life and travelled a lot. She spent a
year in London, where her oldest son was born, and became a friend
of Queen Elizabeth I. At some point she lived at her dowry Arboga in
Sweden where she started an iron-mine and was behind piracy at the
Baltic Sea. When her son died, his oldest son Wilhelm was
only 7. He did not become Margrave of Baden-Baden until 1621 and it
is not clear if either Cecilia or her daughter-in-law, Marie von
Eichen (d. 1636), played any role during his minority. Apart from
her oldest son she was mother of 5 sons who all were unmarried or
died young. The daughter of King Gustav I Vasa of Sweden and his
second wife Margareta Eriksdotter Leijonhufvud, she lived
(1540-1627). |
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1575-78 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth VI von
Manderscheid-Blankenheim-Gerolstein of Essen (Germany) |
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All
the Ladies of the Chapter had the right to participate in the
Landtag of the Ecclesiastical Territory of Essen, which met at least
once a year in the Great Hall of the Chapter, but the Secretary of
the Chapter or other office-holders often represented them. She was in
close contact with her brother, Count Hermann and resigned in order to marry Count Wirich
von Daun-Falkenstein. Her sister, Margareta, was Princess-Abbess of
Eltern and Vreden until her death in 1602. Elisabeth was daughter of
Count Arnold and Margaretha von Wied, and lived (1544-86). |
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1575-86 Princess-Abbess Felicitas I von Eberstein of Herford
(Germany) |
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At this time the
line of Hereditary Stewarts, the Lords von Helfenstein, was dying out.
The last Lord, Johann XIV, had one daughter, Wilhelmina, who married
Otto von Rolshausen, who was granted the Lordship of Mühlbach by
Felicitas Countess von Eberstein. |
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1575-87 Princess-Abbess Barbara III Blarer von Wartensee of
Schänis (Switzerland) |
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Reached a compromise with the villages in Gasterland and Kerenzen
about the tithe. Her brother
Johann Jakob was Provost of Bischofzel and another relative of hers, Jakob Christian Blarer von Wartensee, was
Bishop of Basel - he lived (1542-1608). Her family had owned the
Borough of Wartensee and in 1405 they got the "Landrecht" of the
Appenzelle-Canton and stayed out of the Appenzeller-wars. The
daughter of Kasper, Chief steward of Arbon and Siguna von Diesbach,
and lived (1536-87). |
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1575-1611 Reigning Abbess Eléonore III de Bourbon of the Royal
Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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The French Princess
had
great influence with her nephew, King Henri IV of France, and her
affection for him was so great that, towards the end of her life,
when he was assassinated, her nuns dared not tell her lest the shock
should be too great.
She was daughter of
Duc Charles IV de Vendôme and Françoise
d'Alencon, Duchesss de Beaumont. Her brother, Duc Antoine de
Vendôme, was married to Juanna III of Navarra and therefore Titular King of
Navarre (1555-62) - they were parents of Henri IV - and 3 of her sisters
were also Abbesses, Madeleine (1521-61) in Poitiers, Catherine in
Notre Dame de Soissons and Renée (1527-83) in Chelles. Eleonore
lived (1532-1611). |
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1575-76
Acting County Sheriff Karen Christoffersdatter Gyldenstierne of
the County of Bygholm with the Shires of Bjerg, Hatting, Nim and Vor
and the County of Sankt Hans Kloster, Denmark |
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Also known as Karen Gyldenstjerne til Stjernholm.
After the death of her husband, Holger Ottesen Rosenkrantz til Boller,
she administered his fief for a period. He was Stadholder
in Norway, military commander of the realm. Statholder in Nothern Jutland and a few years later he became
Marshal of the Realm. They were closely connected to King Frederik
2., who was the sponsor of one of their sons. She was an able
administrator, built several manor houses and a new church in Uth.
She also collected a number of folk songs, which is one of the most
important sources for knowledge of this tradition. Around 1590 she
moved to Skt. Hans Kloster in Horsens, which she renamed, into
Stjernholm. She had bought a number of houses in the town of
Horsens, which caused much dispute with the city council, because
she claimed that as a noble she did not have to pay tax and thereby
she damaged the economic life of the city. It was not until 1598
that the case was settled. She was accused using sorcery to harm
Anne Hardenberg at the neighbouring estate, but no case was raised
and the king settled the dispute. 1599 her son, Frederik, was
convicted to lose his "honour" because of his relationship to
Rigborg Brockenhuus. He was allowed to travel to Hungary to fight
the Turks, but died in Prague in 1602. She was the oldest child of
Christoffer Gyldenstierne (d. 1562) and 39-year old Anne Parsberg (1515-87), who
had 9 other children after her. The mother of 4 sons of whom 2 died
as infants, she lived (1544-1613). |
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1576-1610 Queen Amina Sarauniya of Zazzua, Zaria and Abuja
1580-82 Queen of Kano (Nigeria) |
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At the age of sixteen, she became the heir apparent
(Magajiya) to her mother, Bakwa of Turunku, the ruling Queen of
Zazzua,
one of a number of Hausa city-states, which dominated the trans-Saharan
trade after the collapse of the Songhai empire to the west. With the title came the responsibility for a ward in the
city and daily councils with other officials. Although her mother's
reign was known for peace and prosperity, She also chose to learn
military skills from the warriors. Her mother died around 1566 and
the reign of Zazzua passed to her younger brother Karama. At this
time she emerged as the leading warrior of Zazzua cavalry. Her
military achievements brought her great wealth and power. When
she died after a 10-year rule, she became Queen of Zazzua. She
set off on her first military expedition three months after coming
to power and continued fighting until her death. In her thirty-four
year reign, she expanded the domain of her state to its largest size
ever. Lived (ca. 1533-ca- 1610). |
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1576... Adelantada Juana Ortiz de Zárate of Corrientes, Santa
Fe and Buenos Aires, Adelantado of Chile (Chile) |
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Following the death of her father, Juan Ortiz de Zárate, Adelanto and
Governor, founder of the City of Santa Fe and Buenos Aires, she
inherited the estates of the family and apparently Emperor Charles V
named her Adelantado of Chile. She was married to Juan de Torres de
Vera y Aragón, who became Governor in 1578, and mother of Juan
Alonso de Vera y Zárate. The seems that her mother was the Inca
Princess, Leonor Yupanqui, daughter of Tupac-Hupalla (Originally
Auqui Huallpa Tupac) puppet-emperor in 1533. |
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1576-78 Sovereign Duchess Elizabeth d'Austrice of Berry
(France) |
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Given
the duchy after the death of her husband, King Charles IX
(1550-60-74), the son of Henri II and Catherine de' Medici. Their
only child was Princess Marie-Elisabeth who lived
(1572-78) - and her husband therefore was succeeded by his brother Henri
III.
Elizabeth lived
(1554-78). |
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1576-1602 Princess-Abbess
Florentina von Putterer
of Göss bei Leoben (Austria) |
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The
chapter of canonisses (Kanonissen or Chorfrauenstift) was founded
around 1000 by Countess Palatine Adala of Bavaria. The abbot or provost
administered the estates of the clerical ladies, arranged the statues
and appointed the prioress. In 1020 her grandchild, Aribo III handed it
over to the protection of Emperor Heinrich II, who granted it immunity
and raised it to the status of an Chapter of the Realm - or Imperial
Immediacy (reichsunmittelbaren Abtei) - the only one in Austria - and
removed the Chapter from the influence of the Metropolits of Salzburg. |
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1576-51
Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess
Anna Sophie
von Brandenburg of the Cities and Administrative Offices of
Crivitz and Lübz
in Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(Germany) |
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Alternatively
resided at Eldenburg after the death of her husband, Johann-Albrecht
I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The daughter of Elector Albrecht von
Brandenburg, she was mother of 3 sons, and lived (1527-91). |
|
 |
1576-91 County Sheriff Anne Mandrupsdatter Holck of the
County of Hørby, Denmark |
|
Anne Holck til Stadsgård was widow of Verner Tønnesen Parsberg til
Harrested og Sandbygård, Lensmand of Sölvesborg (d. 1567). She
(d. 1591). |
|
|
1577-79 De-facto joint ruler Queen Mahid-I Uliyah of
Persia (Iran) |
|
Also known as Mahd-e Olya, she initially dominated her husband,
Mohammad Shah, who succeeded his brother, Shah Esma'il II, a pro-Sunni ruler who was poisoned with the participation of
their sister Pari Khan Khanom after only one year at the throne.
Mohammad proved to be a weak leader, but after her assassination in
1579 the Qezelbash took control. Meanwhile Ottomans took advantage
of Iran's political turmoil to launch a major invasion of the
country. Consequently extensive territories were lost to Ottomans,
including most of Azerbaijan, with Tabriz, and Georgia. The Safavid
Dynasty was of Turkmen origin and established themselves first at
Tabriz, which had been the capital of the Mongol Il Khans, in
Turkish speaking Azerbaijanistan. They also brought the Shi'ite
branch of Islam to Persia. |
|
|
1577-78 Reigning Sri Rani Makayiram Thirunal of
Travancore (India) |
|
The
Kulusekhara Dynasty of Travancore (or Tiruvankur) is of very ancient
lineage, tracing its origins to the Royal House of Vanad and dating
from 1100 AD. They attained considerable power during the reign of
Ravi Varma Kulasekhara, during the early years of the fourteenth
century. Marco Polo claimed to have visited his capital at Quilon, a
centre of commerce and trade with China and the Levant. Europeans
were attracted to the region during the late fifteenth century,
primarily in pursuit of the then rare commodity, pepper. |
|
 |
1577-84
Head of the Regency Government Dowager Margravine
Anna von der Pfalz-Veldenz of Baden-Durlach (Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Karl II (1553-77), she was regent for
her sons together with Elector
Ludwig VI. von der Pfalz and Duke Ludwig von Württemberg. The 2
oldest sons were Markgraf Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach and,
Markgraf Jakob von Baden-Hachberg. The third son, Georg Friedrich
inherited the whole territory in 1604. She was daughter of
Pfalzgraf Ruprecht von Veldenz and Ursula, Wild- und Rheingräfin von
Daun-Kyrburg und Salm and mother of 8 children, and
lived (1540-77) |
|
|
1577-82 Superintendent Maria Marguerite de Mérode of Bergen op
Zoom (The Netherlands) |
|
Given the Marchionate as a fief by the States of Brabant, but did not recieve the title of Marchioness. The king of Spain had
administered it after the death of her uncle, Jan IV van Glymes, who
died childless in 1567. She was Joint administrator with her husband, Jan
baron van Wittem from 1578. Both were deposed by the Dutch after
they sided with the Spanish, and the possession was given to the
Prince of Oranje and not until 1588 is the eldest of their three
daughters, Maria, given the Marchionate as a fief. She
lived (1560-88). |
 |
1577-1631
Reigning Lady Sophia Hedwig von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of
the Administrative Office of Darsim in Pommern-Wolgast
1592-1631
Dowager Reigning Lady of the Administrative Unit, the City and
Castle of Loitz, the Estate of Ludwigsburg bei Greifswald and the
Estate of Zerpenzyn (Sophienhof) in Pommern-Wolgast (At the time
German now Poland) |
|
Her
husband, Duke Ernst Ludwig of Pommern-Wolgast (1545-69-92), handed
over the village to her as her dowry, and after his death, she took over her dowry that had been
expanded by a number of estate through her 15 year long marriage and
lived there with her 2 daughters and a son. During the years 1597 to
1601 she followed her son, Duke Philipp Julius von Pommern-Wolgast
(1584–1625) to Wolgast to support the education in government affairs
conducted by the guardian Duke Bogislaw XIII until 1603. She was daughter
of
Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and Hedwig
von Brandenburg, and her younger sisters, Elisabeth and
Dorothea Augusta
were
Contra-Abbess of Gandersheim from 1578 and
Princess-Abbess from 1611 respectively.
She lived (1561–1631). |
|
|
1577 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Queen Karin Månsdotter of
Sweden of Liuksiala Kungsgård in Finland
|
|
Initially
the mistress of King Eric XIV and later
married to him to the "left hand" in 1567 and 1568, when she was
ennobled and crowned Queen under the name Katarina Magnusdotter. He was
deposed on grounds of insanity in 1569, a few years later she was placed
under house arrest in Åbo in Finland, her son, Gustav, was removed from
her but she was allowed to have her daughter Sigrid with her. Her
brother-in-law, Johan III, granted her the Royal Estate of Liuksiala
which she administered justly and wise.
She lived (1550-1612). |
|
|
1577-79 Princess-Abbess Josina I von Manderscheid-Blankenheim
und Gerolstein of Thorn (The Netherlands)
|
|
At
the elections for the successor of Margaretha von Brederode, Josina
von der Marck got the most votes, but since she was not yet 30, Josina von Manderscheid, took over the position of ruler of the
territory. After a few years she fell seriously ill and nominated
Josina v.d. Marck as her successor. She was daughter of Gerhard and
Franziska von Montfort. Her sister Helena was a lady of the chapter until she left
it in order to marry Count Reinhard von Brederode.
Josina lived
(1537-79). |
|
 |
1577-81 Princess-Abbess Sibylle von Anhalt of Gernrode and
Frose (Germany)
1601-14 Reigning Dowager Lady of Leonberg |
|
Even though she was still a minor, her father, Joachim Ernst von
Anhalt, forced through her election as successor of her sister, Anne Marie, as
titular sovereign of the territory. It was confirmed by Emperor Rudolf II the
same year. She only issued one decree in which she gave some land to the widow
of Stefan Molitor, the first evangelican Superintendent of the chapter. When she resigned to marry Duke Freiderich von Württemberg (1557-1616), she was
succeeded by another sister, Agnes Hedwig.
She was mother
of 14 children, and lived (1564-1614).
|
|
|
1577-89 Princess-Abbess Margarethe II von Chlum of Gandersheim
(Germany) |
|
Elected as successor
of her sister, Magdalene, but after the Duke of Braunchweig occupied
the territory and installed his daughter,
Elisabeth zu Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, as de-facto as ruler, she had to flee to Neuenheerse and was only able to return
after the second contra-abbess Margarete von Warberg died in 1587. |
|
 |
1578-82 "Titular" Contra Abbess Elisabeth zu
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of Gandersheim (Germany) |
|
After Margareta von Chlum was
elected as Princess-Abbess, her father, Duke Julius, occupied and claimed that
she was the real ruler, and Margareta had to flee. Margarete von Warberg was in
power until 1587, and only then Margareta II was able to return. Her older
sister, Sophia-Hedwig, reigned her dowries in Pommern from 1677 and their
younger sister, Dorothea Auguste was Princess-Abbess of Gandersheim from 1611.
In 1583 she married Count Adolf XIII. von Holstein-Schauenburg
(1547–1601) and had one son, Julius
von Holstein-Schauenburg (1585–1601). In 1604
she married Duke Christoph von Braunschweig-Harburg (1570–1606).
She lived (1677-1618).
|
|
 |
1578-1600 Sovereign Lady Anna Walburga von Neuenahr-Bedburg of
Moers, Bedburg, Garsforf and Rosberg (Germany) |
|
Also known as
Waldburga von Neuenhar, Countess von Hoorn, or Regierende Gräfin
Walburgis von Neuenahr-Moers, she
succeeded her brother, Hermann Graf von Neuenahr-Moers. Moers was
occupied to by the Archbishopcy of Köln 1584-88 and by Maurits van
Oranje 1588-94. Bedburg and Garsdorf was claimed by Adolf
Bentheim-Steinfurt and Roesberg was held by the Ketler family
1578-ca. 1595 until she sold the lordship to this family. She was
first married to Philipp von Montmorency-Nivelle, Count von Hoorn,
who was decapitated in 1567, and in 1570 to her nephew Adolf von Neuenahr, Lord of Neuenhar, Moers, Limburg, Bedburg, Alpen, Alterna,
Weerth, Hackenboiche, Lennep and Helfenstein (ca. 1545-1589). In 1594
named Maurits van Oranje as her heir.
She lived
(1522-1600) |
|
|
1578-88 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth VII von Sayn of Essen
(Germany) |
|
During her reign "only" 14 witch-processes were conducted, only a
fraction of the processes in the neighbouring countries. She was daughter of Count Adolf of Sayn and Maria von Mansfeld. Her
brother's daughter Anna Elisabeth (1572-1608), inherited the county
from her uncle in 1606. Anna Elisabeth was married to Count Wilhelm zu Sayn and Wittgenstein (d. 1623). |
|
|
1578-1614 Princess-Abbess Barbara von Breiten-Landenberg of
Lindau (Germany) |
|
Member of an old countly family. |
|
 |
Around 1578-ca. 1606
Princess-Abbess
Marie-Madeleine de Rebstock of the
Royal Abbey of
Andlau,
Lady of
Wagenbourg and
Marlenheim etc. (France) |
|
Conferred the fief of Wangenbourg at at her brother, Jean-Gabriel Rebstock, in
1606. |
|
|
1578-1600 Reigning Abbess
Antoniette II de Wissocoq of Bourbourg, Lady of
Oxelaere, Noordpeene, Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
|
Daughter of the Lord of Bomy. |
|
|
1578-1611 Olangio to hoelialio Wulutileni Raja To Huliyalio of
the Downlying Parts of Gorontalo (Indonesia) |
|
The
principality in North Sulawesi was divided between to branches of
the same dynasty, which reigned a part each. She belonged to
the Raja To Huliyalio-Branch and her title means ruler of the downlying parts. She succeeded her father, Tuliabu, and was followed
on the throne by daughter, Mboheleo.
|
|
 |
1578-79 Acting County Sheriff Margrethe Eriksdatter Lange of
the County of
Ålborghus with the Shires of Års, Flæskum, Gislum, Hindsted,
Hornum, Horns, Hvetbo and Kære and the County of Viskumgård
1615-16 Acting County Sheriff of the County of
Bygholm Len with the Shires of Bjerge, Hatting and Nim, Denmark |
|
After the death of her first husband, Jens Nielsen Kaas, Margrethe
Lange was acting Lensmand (County Sheriff) until a successor was
appointed. Afterwards married to Knud Brahe (1555-1615) and after
his death she was in charge of Bygholm etc. As most fief administrators she
belonged to the ancient non-titled nobility. (d. 1622). |
|
 |
1578
Acting County Sheriff
Birgitte
Timmesdatter Rosenkrantz
of the County of Nebbegård, Denmark
1580 Acting County Sheriff
of
Rosenkrantz
of the County of Kalundborg
with the Shires of Arts Løve, Ods, Skippinge and Samsø |
|
Birgitte Rosenkrantz was widow of Bjørn Kaas who was Lensmand in
Helsingborg and Malmöhus. She later had a relationship to her late
husband's cousin, Gjord Kaas. Because it was considered to be incest
at the time, she was executed on the command of King Christian 4.
Gjord went into exile, and when he returned after 17 years he too
was executed. According to the legend she is today the "White Lady";
a ghost at Stårup Castle. (d. 1603). |
|
|
1578 County Sheriff
Bege Clausdatter Emmiksen of the County of Hundsbæk, Denmark |
|
Bege Emmiksen til Damgård was widow of Peder Galskyt (d. ca. 1554).
She (d. ca. 1613). |
|
|
1578 County Sheriff Magdalene Clausdatter Sehested of the
County of Æbelø, Denmark |
|
Magdalene Sehested til Spandetgård
was widow of Mourids Podebusk and lived most of her life in Ribe,
where she died after having been blind for some years. She was
daughter of
Claus Sested or
Sehested, and
lived (1538-1611). |
|
|
1578 County Sheriff Kirsten Pedersdatter Galt of the County
of Børglum Kloster, Denmark |
|
Kirsten Galt til Tyrrestrup was widow of Erik Kaas til Voergård og
Lindbjergård, Lensmand of Børglum Kloster 1574. He had first been
married to Berte Seefeld. She lived (1536-1616). |
|
 |
1578-90 Feudal Princess Zenobia del Carretto of Melfi (Italy) |
|
Succeeded her father, Marcantonio Doria del Carretto, as Princess of
the Holy Roman Empire and married Gian Andrea Doria, Duke di Tursi
and Marchese di Torriglia etc. (1540-1606). The family retained
certain sovereign rights until the War of the Spanish Succession,
and the title became dormant to a degree. It was revived though,
under less autonomous conditions, in 1760.
She lived
(1541-90). |
 |
1578-1603 Politically Active Margravine Sophia von
Braunschweig-Lüneburg of Brandenburg-Ansbach (Germany)
1603-39 Reigning Dowager Lady in Nürnberg |
|
Following the death of his
first wife, Elisabeth von Brandenburg-Küstrin, she took over
her role, as the most important aide of her husband, Georg
Friedrich (1539-1603), who had no children in any of his
marriages. Sophia lived
(1563-1639). |
|
 |
1580
Candidate for the
throne Infanta Catarina
de Guimarães of Portugal |
|
After the death of King Sebastião de
Aviz-Beja she was
one of the contenders for the throne, but he was succeeded by his
great-uncle, the
Cardinal-King Henrique, who died tow years later, and again she was
one of the contenders and had a strong position, even though her older
sister had several children, but in the end the throne was taken over
by King Felipe II of Spain. In 1640, when her grandson João II, Duque
de Bragança, became king as João IV, she was proclamed as the rightful
heir. She was daughter of Infant Duarte
de Aviz-Beja, Duque de Guimarães, son of King
Manuel I, and Infanta Isabel de Bragança, married to João I de Bragança,
Duke of Bragança and mother of 8 children. She lived (1540-1614). |
|
 |
1579-86 Regent Dowager Duchess Katharina Sidonia von
Sachsen-Lauenburg of Teschen-Freistadt (Poland) |
|
Also known as
Katarzyna Sydonia
Cieszyn,
she reigned the the Slesian Duchy in the name of her
son Adam Wacław after
the death of her husband, Duke Wenzel III Andam.
In 1586 she married
Emmerich III Forgach, Obergespan of Trentschin.
The
daughter
of Duke Franz I and Sibylle von Sachsen-Freiberg, she was mother of
6 of her husband's 9 children.
Her son's daughter, Elisabeth Lukretia, succeeded
her brother Friederich Wilhelm (1601-17-25) as ruler of Teschen in
1625. Katherina Sidonia
(d. 1594). |
|
|
1579-1623 Sovereign Duchess Marie de Luxembourg of
Penthièvre and d'Étampes and Vicomtesse de Martigues (France) |
|
Succeeded her father, Sébastien de Luxembourg. Her husband,
Philippe
Emmanuel de Lorraine. She was married to Philippe-Emmanuel de
Lorraine, Duc de Bretagne (1576–1602), was Duke of 'Étampes et de
Penthièvre by the right of his wife. At the death of King Henri III,
he claimed his inheritance, and they established an independent
government at Nantes as head of the Bretonic League. When
Philippe-Emmanuel made peace with King Henry IV, their daughter,
Françoise de Lorraine-Mercœur (1592-1669) was married to his
legitimised son César de Bourbon, Duc de Vendôme. Françoise was the
richest heiress in the kingdom, and inherited the titles in 1602 upon
her father's death, but Marie also held them until her own death. She
lived (1562-1623). |
|
|
1579-1604 Princess-Abbess Josina II von der Marck of Thorn,
Lady of Thorn, Ittervoort, Grathem, Baexem, Stramproy, Ell, Haler
and Molenbeerse (The Netherlands) |
|
Had
been elected Abbess already in 1577, but since she was not yet 30,
she had to step aside for Josina von Manderscheid. In 1586 she
obtained a seat and voting right in the Westphalian Circle of the
Diet of the Realm and the following year she participated in the
Assembly in person. But she was the "black sheep" among the
Princess-abbesses, and was, among other things, accused of printing
false money. She was daughter of Johann II von der Marck and
Margareta van Wassenaer, and was succeeded by her sister, Anna, and
lived (1546-1604). |
|
|
1579-94 Princess-Abbess Magdalena von Gleissenthal of
Obermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
1219 the reichsunmittelbare Chapter came under direct Papal protection
and in 1315 Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian appointed the Abbess as
Princess of the Realm. Heinrich II granted the Chapter immunity and
during Konrad II, the abbess even received a royal sceptre. 1484 the
Abbey was turned into a Chapter for Noble Ladies, with a vote
in
the College of the Prelates of the Rhine, whose 17 members
(Princess-Abbesses and Prince-Abbots), which had a joint vote in the
Council of the Princes of the Imperial Diet, where the
representative of the Prelates sat on the Ecclesiastical Bench.
(Geistliche Bank der Reichsfürstenrat).
The
Fürstäbtissin also sat on the Bavarian Landtag and from 1495/1500
member of the Geistlischen Fürstenbank (Lords Spiritual) of the
Bayrischer Kreis (Bavarian Circle) and in
1521 mentioned as Reichsprälatin (Imperial Prelate) in an inventory of
the Reichsstände - the territories of the Realm. |
|
|
1579-80 Acting County Sheriff Dorthe Mogensdatter
Gyldenstierne of Åkær with Hadsherred,
Denmark |
|
Dorthe Gyldenstierne was in charge after the death of her husband,
Christian Munk, former Stadholder of Norway et cetera. She lived
(1547-1583). |
|
|
1579-82 County Sheriff Margrethe Rantzau of the County of
Gudum Kloster, Denmark |
|
Widow of Otto Emmiksen. Detailed information missing. |
|
|
1579-97 Politically Influential Empress Maryam Sena of Ethiopia |
|
During reign of her husband, Sarsa Dengel (1563-97). The country had
been plagued by anarchy and civil war for generations, and it
continued during her husband's period as Emperor. |
|
 |
1580-90 Regent Dowager Sultana Cand Bibi of
Bijapur
1596-99 Regent of Ahmadnagar (India) |
|
After her husband, 'Ali 'Adil Shah II, was killed in 1580, she ruled
with great prudence and intelligence till her nephew, Ibrahim 'Adil
Shah II, came of age. When order was restored in the Bijapur kingdom she
went back to her motherland Ahmadnagar, where the ruler, Murtada
Shah, died at a moment when the foreign relations of the state were
strained to breaking point and war was imminent. She returned to
Bijapur and mustered some reliable troops for the defence of
Ahmadnagar fort against the army of the Mughals. After this great
defence, she was known as Chand Sultana. Later the Mughals succeeded
to turn her troops and had a siege over Ahmadnagar in 1599. She
resisted the Mughal attacks with such courage that the invaders were
repelled at many places. At length, Hamid Khan, the traitor allowed
the Mughal force to enter Ahmadnagar, and entered the palace to kill
her. She fought bravely but was killed, and thus, the Mughals
captured Ahmadnagar in 1600. She was daughter of Hussain Nizam shah
of Ahamadnagar, and lived (1550-99). |
|
 |
1580-1611 Sovereign Marquise Henriette de Savoie of Villars,
Countess of Tende and Sommerive (France) |
|
Daughter of Honoré II and Jeanne-Françoise de Foix and married to
Charles de Lorraine. Her daughter, Catherine de Lorraine
(1585-16189) and son-in-law, Carlo I Gonzaga, Duke of Mantova,
Monferrato, Nevers and Rethel were Duchess and Duke of Mayenne.
Henriette lived
(1541-1611). |
|
|
1580 Acting County Sheriff Anne Iversdatter Krabbe of the
County of Åkær with the Shire of Had, Denmark
|
|
Anne Krabbe was widow of Axel Viffert, who had taken over the
teantncy in 1579. She married Erik Kass til Voergaard in 1595 and
became a widow again 3 years later. Her sister, Karen, was Acting
County Sheriff in 1594. Anne was mother of 2 daughters by her first
husband and 1 by the second, and (d. 1625). |
|
|
1580-92 County Sheriff Else Hansdatter Mule of the County of
Nordby, Denmark |
|
Else Mule was widow of Iver Bertelsen, Magister in Sorø, Headmaster
of Ringsted Kloster (1548-83) and Niels Pedersen Krag, Professor of
History, Royal Histographer, Rector of Copenhagen University and
Headmaster of Sorø Academy (d. 1602), who was send on various
diplomatic missions and was ennobled by King James of Scotland. Her
family had held the position of mayor of Odense for generations. She
lived (1556-1605). |
|
|
1580-.. County Sheriff Gese Brockenhuus of the County of
Rynkeby with the Shire of Gudme, Denmark |
|
Exchanged the tenantcy with other estates. Widow of Erik Bille.
Detailed information missing. |
|
|
1580 Acting County Sheriff Kirsten Clausdatter Ulfeldt of
the County of Skodborg, Denmark |
|
Kirsten Ulfeldt had the tenantcy exchanged to her on behalf of her
children. First married to Poul Abildgaard (d. 1563) as his third
wife and secondly to Svend Mogensen Orning til Eget, who had first
been married to Maren Clausdatter Strangesen Bild (ca. 1502-73), who
was County Sheriff (Lensmand) of Koldinghus. She (d. 1589). |
|
|
1580-1601 Overseer of the Crown Lands Anna Kłoczewska of Małogoszcz,
Poland |
|
She was
also
known as Kłoczowska. |
|
|
1580-1602 Princess-Abbess Barbe de Salm of Remiremont, Dame
of St. Pierre and Metz etc. (France) |
|
Also known as Maria Barbara von Salm.
The Duke of Lorraine forced her predecessor to accept her as
Coadjutrice in 1579, but the other canonisses refused to accept her
automatic successio and instead elected Huberte de Chastenay and appealed to the pope, but he ruled in
favour of Barbe, who appointed her rival as Coadjutrice and managed
to build up a good relationship with the ladies of the chapter.
1588 the territory was again hit by the plague. (d.
1602) |
|
 |
1581-1604 Sovereign Duchess Claude Catherine de Clermont of
Retz,
Dame de Dampierre and Baronne de Retz (France) |
|
Originally she was created
Duchess-regnant together with her husband. She lived (ca.
1543-1604). |
|
|
1581-1610 Captain-Donatary Margarida Côrte-Real of Captainship
of Angra including the Island
of Terceira,
Praia and São
Jorge in
the Azores (Portugal) |
|
Held the office of
Capitana do
donatário,
which was similar to that of governor, jointly with her husband, Cristovão de
Moura, 1st marquês de Castelo Rodrigo (1538-1613), Vice-King of
Portugal on several occations. She succeeded her father, Vasco Anes Corte-Real (1530-77-81),
was mother of 3 children, and lived (1570-1610). |
|
|
1581-... Regent Dowager Lady Elisabeth von Palandt-Culemborg of
Holstein-Schaumburg-Gemen (Germany) |
|
Widow of Jobst II von Schaumburg-Gemen, who had participated in the
freedom-fights of the Dutch against the Spanish and as a result, the
lordship had been raided by the Duke of Alba in 1568. Born as Gräfin von Palandt. |
|
|
1581-1625 Joint Reigning Princess Anna Ostrogska of Jarosław
(Then Ukraine, now Poland) |
|
The daughter of Zofia ze Sprowy, who
ruled (1545-80) and her first husband, she
was married to Alexander Ostrogski at the age of 19 and they settled in Jaroslaw
and in 1606 she bought the half of the town owned by her sister, Katarzyna
Sieniawska the second half of the city. She died after a lengthy illness after
having lived (1575-1635/36). |
|
|
1581-1606 Joint Reigning Princess Katarzyna Sieniawska of Jarosław |
|
Together with her sister, she ruled the town and domain
which was established by an Ukrainian prince in the 11th century. In
the Great Northern War of 1700-21 the region was repeatedly pillaged
by Russian, Saxon and Swedish armies, causing the city to decline
further and it was under Austrian rule from the First Partition of
Poland in 1772 until Poland regained independence in 1918. (d.
1606). |
|
 |
1581-86 Princess-Abbess Agnes Hedwig von Anhalt of Gernrode and
Frose (Germany) |
|
The
third of four of daughters of prince Joachim Ernst von Anhalt to be
titular head of the territory. She was follower of Melanchthons
(Philippstine), which was in opposition to the ruling Lutheran
Orthodoxy in Dresden. At the age of 14 she married Kurfürst August
von Sachsen-Dessau, who died of a stroke after less than a month.
And then, after 5 years as ruler of Gernrode, she married as his
second wife, Duke Johann von Holstein-Sønderborg in 1588. He was the
brother of August's first wife, Anna of Denmark. Agnes-Hedwig gave
birth to 7 children of which 2 daughters survived, and lived
(1573-1616). |
|
 |
1581
County Sheriff
Karen
Ottesdatter Gyldenstierne
of the County of Sølvitsborg with the Shires of Medelsta, Vester or
Bregne and Lister in Blekinge
1586-89 County Sheriff of Snersted in Skåne
(At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Karen Gyldenstierne was also known as Karen Ottes to destinguis her
from her many contemporary cousins with the same name. Her husband, Jørgen Marsvin (1527-81), was Lensmand at Landskrona and member of
the Danish Council of State until his death. Her cousin, Karen
Gyldenstierne, was Acting County Sheriff of Bygholm 1575-76. Karen
Ottes lived (1542-89). |
|
|
1581 Acting County Sheriff Christence Nielsdatter Rotfeld of
the County of Bygholm with the Shires of Bjerge, Hatting and Nim,
Denmark |
|
Christence Rotfeld was widow of Bjørn Kaas, who had taken office the
previous year. Mother of 7 children, and lived (ca.
1535-1601). |
|
 |
1582-1615 Sovereign Duchess Marguerite of Valois, Senlis,
Clermont et d'Etampes (France)
1608-15 Countess of Auvergne et d'Eu |
|
Succeeded mother, Catherine de Medici, in Valois. In 1572 she was
forced to marry the Protestant Henri of Navarra (later Henri IV) to
seal Catholic-Protestant reconciliation. She was involved in a
number of extramarital love affairs at the courts of both her
brother Henri III at Paris and her husband at Nerac. Expelled from
the royal court for her political intrigues, she returned to the
unwilling Navarre in 1584. After taking up arms against her husband,
she was banished to the castle of Usson in Auvergne, where she soon
took control. In 1599, ten years after her husband's accession to
the throne, she consented to the annulment of her marriage. She was a
very important cultural personality; her charm and literary talent
were admired by the leading writers of the age and was also known as Reine Magot. She lived (1553-1615). |
|
|
1582-1619 Sovereign Duchess Diane de Valois of Châtellerault,
d'Angoulême et d'Etampes (France)
1593-96 Governor of Limousin
1605-19 Governor of the Bourbonnais |
|
Daughter of Diane de Portiers and King Henri II of France, and was
legitimized as Princess of France in 1548. She first married Orazio
Farnese, Duke of Castro and secondly with François
Villers-Cotterets, Duke de Montmorency.
She lived
(1538-1619). |
 |
1582-87
Reigning
Abbess-General
Leonor de Castilla
of
the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos
(Spain)
|
|
The last Perpetual Abbess - that is elected for life. Her successors
were elected for three-year periods. Possibly the 10th child of
Alonso de Castilla, Lord del Mayorazgo de Valladolid, of an
illegitimate sideline of the royal house of Castilla, and Ines de
Acuna. |
|
|
1582-87 De-facto Ruler
Contra Abbess
Margarete von Warberg of Gandersheim (Germany) |
|
Followed Elisabeth zu Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel as the contra-abbess
and real ruler after the official office-holder, Margareta II, had
to flee in 1578. |
|
|
1582-1611 County Sheriff Karen Eriksdatter Banner of the County
of Orlofgård, Denmark
1611 Acting County Sheriff of the County of Jungshoved
1612 Acting County Sheriff of the County of Vordingborg with
the Shires of Bårse, Hammer and Tybjerg |
|
Karen Banner held the fief of Orlofgård after the death of her first
husband Gregers Ulfstand and the fief of Jungshoved after the
second, Henrik Lykke
til Overgaard og Hverringe.
She inherited the estate of Gisselfeld and Ryegård in 1588 after the
death of Mette Rosenkrantz til Vallø, who had inherited it from her
husband,
Peder Oxe, who was her uncle, in 1575. (d. 1611). |
|
|
1582-96
Abbess with the authority of a County Sheriff
Sophia Gyldenstjerne
of the Chapter and Town of Maribo
and surroundings (Denmark) |
|
Elected by the Assembly of Canonesses and instated by the two
Councillors of the Realm, Chancellor Ejler Grubbe and Steen
Brahe. In the beginning she was an able administrator but soon
the old disputes among the canonesses entrupted again and she
was removed from office by King Christian 4. She was in charge
of the estats of the chapter and mangade the Town of Maribo
jointly with the Confessor. |
|
|
1582 Hereditary Landgravine Maximiliane von Pappenheim
of Stühlingen,
Lady of Hohenhöwen (Germany) |
|
Inherited
the territory after the death of
her brother, Hereditary Marshal Maximilian von Pappenheim, and was
married to Count Friedrich Rudolf von Fürstenberg. |
|
|
1583-... Joint Sovereign Lady Susanne von Wildenstein of
Breitenegg (Germany) |
|
The
daughter of Alexander III von Wildenstein, she inherited 1/4 of the
lordship. Married to Georgs von Rindersbach. |
|
|
1583-... Joint Sovereign Lady Agnes von Wildenstein of
Breitenegg (Germany) |
|
Younger
daughter of Alexander III von Wildenstein, she inherited 1/4 of the
lordship from her brother, Friedrich Karl I von Wildenstein. Married
to a Lord von Haslang. |
|
|
1583-1609 Reigning Dowager Lady Anna Elisabeth von
Pfalz-Simmern of the County and Castel of Philippsburg in
Hessen-Rheinfels (Germany) |
|
Her
husband Philipp II of Hessen-Rheinfels (1541-67-83) had apparently
received the county of Philippsburg from his father, Philipp of Hessen-Kassel
(d.1567). They did not have any children, and she lived (1549-1609). |
|
|
1583-1611 Princess-Abbess Katherina II Brümsi von Herblingen of
Schänis (Switzerland) |
|
During her term in office the chapter burned down twice, in 1585 and
1610, and she sold some of the possessions in South Germany in order
to extend the buildings of the Abbey and church. She reformed the
Chapter and exerted her position as ruler of the territories. She
was daughter of Eberhard von Brümsi, Lord of Altenklingen and Rosa
von Breitenlandenberg. |
|
|
1583-98 Princess-Abbess Ursula II Steinhauer of Baindt
(Germany) |
|
Probably member of the noble family of Steinhauer zu Bulgarn. |
|
|
Around 1583
Abbess Nullius
Vittoria Palagano of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
|
Both secular and temporal ruler of the territory. |
|
|
1583-98 Joint County Sheriff Magdalene Andersdatter Emmiksen
of the County of Vissenbjerg Birk (or Grøftebjerg), Denmark |
|
Magdalene Emmiksen was the owner of Millinge and Hejsager, she held
the tenantcy jointly with her sister,
Margrethe. After her death it was taken over by her husband, Erik
Bille til Kjærsgård. Apparently her first husband had been Albert
Maltesen Viffert with whom she had a son, Anders. She (d. 1598). |
|
|
1583-85 Joint County Sheriff Margrethe
Andersdatter Emmiksen of
the County of Vissenbjerg Birk
(or Grøftebjerg), Denmark |
|
Margrethe Emmiksen was unmarried and held the fief jointly with her
sister. (d. 1585), |
|
|
1583 Acting County Sheriff
Lisbeth Christoffersdatter Galde of the County of Vinstrupgård,
Denmark |
|
Lisbeth Galde
was in charge of the tenantcy after the death of her first husband,
Eggert Ulfeldt. She later married Jørgen Friis, as his third wife.
He was County Sheriff of Vinderslevgård and Lysgård Herred,
Skivehus, Hald, Akershus and Sejlstrup, also Judge, Councillor of
the Realm and Stadholder of Norway. They were burried on the same
day. (d. 1616). |
|
 |
1583-1602 County Sheriff Beate Ågesdatter Brahe of the
Counties of Gislumsherred and Ramsø, Denmark |
|
Beate Brahe heldt
the fief for life as security for a lone. She was widow of Jørgen
Pedersen Lykke (Munk) til Hverringe og Overgård, Bonderup, Hessel,
Ovegård and Bregenholm, and lived (after 1523-1602). |
|
|
1583-84 Acting County Sheriff Karen Henriksdatter Friis of the
County of Ålborghus, Denmark |
|
Karen Friis was acting
Lensmand or (County Sheriff) after the death of her husband, Bjørn
Andersen Bjørn til Stenalt, Bjørnsholm, Voer, Gunderupgård og
Strandbygård. 1562-66 Judge in Zealand, Councillor of State 1567,
Lensmand of Fredsgård, Stege, Københavns Slot, Roskildegård,
Tryggevælde, Århusgård og Ålborghus. They had 3 children and he had
6 children with his first wife, Sidsel Ulfstand. Karen Friis lived
(1541-1601). |
|
|
1584-1616 Raja Ijau I of Patani (Pattani) (Thailand) |
|
According to the Portuguese chronicler Mendez Pinto, the mercantile
elite decided in 1584 to give the throne to the sister of the
murdered king after twenty years of unstable rule. She ruled as Raja
Ijau the 'great queen' and was also known as Ratu Hijau "The Green
Queen". She was on the throne when the first Dutch and English
Company agents visited Patani, and one of these, Jacob van Neck,
writing in 1604, reported a relatively prosperous state under her rule
and she was well disposed to merchants, and was one of the major traders and
financiers of the city. Her Malay monarchy absorbed a diversity of
foreign traders into a polyglot elite united by the royal person, a
Malay lingua franca, and a pattern of rules and sacred regalia
passed down from courts such as Malacca and Pasai. The Chinese were the
major merchants, but the most important of them, like the leading
commercial official Datu Sirinara, had adopted Islam and the Malay
manners of the court. Her aunt, Raja A'isyah had sometime been
regent for Sultan Bahdur after Sultan Manzur Syah who ruled
(1564-73). She was succeeded by sister and (d. 1616). |
|
 |
1584-1616 Administrator Countess Maria von Oranje-Nassau of
Buren, Leerdam and some of the Nassau Properties (The Netherlands) |
|
Daughter of Countess Anna van Egmond of Buren and Leerdam and Willem
I, Count of Nassau and Prince of Oranje. In 1567 her brother,
Philips Willem was adducted to Spain and the next 10 years she spent
by her uncle, Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg. The Prince of
Orange had given control over Philips Willem's properties to her,
before he was assassinated in 1584. After her marriage to Count
Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Neuenstein in 1595, a curator was appointed to
care for the paternal inheritance which her younger half-brother, Mauritz had demanded control of. In the summer of 1595, Philips
Willem, was allowed to leave Spain and return to Brussels, but was
still kept under tight Spanish control. The following year they met
secretly in Clèves; their first meeting in 28 years. She continued
to administer her properties and founded an orphanage in Buren. She
lived (1556-1616). |
|
|
1584 Acting Lady Hilleborg Hansdatter of Gotland (Sweden) |
|
Acting Lensherre - royal appointed lord of the fief - after the
death of her husband, Emicke Kaas, until his successor arrived to
the island. |
|
 |
1584-1601 Princess-Abbess Anna III von Stolberg-Weiningsrode
of Quedlinburg (Germany)
|
|
Daughter of Heinrich the Older and Countess Elisabeth von Gleichen.
Her brother,
Wolfgang
became Domherr of Halberstadt in 1512 at the age of 10 and 2 years later he as
chosen as Koadjutor as the Dean of the Cathedral (Dompropst) and he
succeeded to the eccleastical office at the age of 15 and received its
incomes while it was executed by a Vicar. Later he also became Dean of
Dardesheim and Königstein. She lived
(1565-1601). |
|
|
1584-1635
Princess-Abbess Magalena von und zu Eltz of Munsterbilzen,
Dame of Wellen, Haccourt, Hallembaye and Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium) |
|
When
she was elected abbess in spite of the fact that she was only around
20 years old, the failed candidate, 35 year old Magdalena von
Eynatten, sister of the predecessor Maria, protested and the case
dragged on for years until the Vatican ruled in von Eltz's favour
and she was officially installed in 1591. 1610 she was first
mentioned as Princess of the Realm in an official document, but the
Prince-Bishop of Liège protested, and they engaged in a fierce
powerstruggle. In 1616 she had her sister, Claudia, named as Coadjutrice, but she married the following year. The chapter was
also marked by the ongoing wars and was hit by plague in 1622-23,
1629 and 1633-36. She was daughter of Godfried von Eltz-Uttingen and
Regina van Elter, and lived (ca. 1564-1635). |
|
|
1584 Acting County Sheriff
Hilleborg Hansdatter Lindenov of the County of Visborg with Gotland
(At the time Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Hilleborg Lindenov was in charge of the tenantcy after the death of
her husband,
Emmike Kaas. She later married Hans Speil til Borreby og Julskov,
and (d. 1602). |
|
 |
1585-97 Politically Influential Duchess Jakobäa von
Baden of Jülich-Kleve-Berg-Mark (Germany) |
|
Also known as Jakobea or Jakobe, she married Johann Wilhelm
(1592-1609), and since her father-in-law,
Wilhelm IV,
was
mentally deficient and her husband mentally ill and both therefore were
unable to rule, she took the reigns after her marriage in 1585,
managing
to get some councillors on her side. She stood between the catholic
party around the powerful Marshal Wilhelm von Waldenburg, supported
by the Spanish Low Countries and the protestant lead by the Counts
von Broich and Valckenstein and Lords von Rheydt, who tried to remove
the catholic regentess with the help of the Dutch General States.
Because of the intrigues of her sister-in-law, Sybille, she thought
about moving back to Bavaria, but the responsibly towards her
husband made her stay in Düsseldorf. She became more and more
powerful, but Sybille spread rumours about her unmoral way of life
and in 1595 Von Waldenburg held her prisoner, she was accused and
convicted of infidelity and kept in the castle for two years. With
the help of her brother-in-law, Count Leuchtenberg, she wrote a
document of defence and managed to have a trial arranged, but died
before the trial was called. After her death, her husband married
Antionia of Lorraine (d. 1610), but did not have any children.
She lived
(1558-97). |
|
 |
1585-86 Acting County Sheriff Kirsten Christiansdatter Lykke of
the County of Vordingborg with the Sires of Tryggevælde and Faxe,
Denmark |
|
Kirsten Lykke was also known as
Kirstine, and was in
charge of the administration of the tenantcy after the death of her
husband, Eiler Grubbe til Lystrup (1532-85), who was at one time
Chancellor of the Realm. In 1594 she
married Niles Gyldenstierne til
Bjørnholm,
and
lived
(1558-1630) |
|
|
1585-1604 Acting County Sheriff Ingeborg Nielsdatter Skeel of
the County of Sejlstrup
1586 County Sheriff of the County of Amtofte and Strekhals,
Denmark |
|
Ingeborg Skeel had bought Voergård in
1578 together with her mother, Karen Krabbe and they got the right
of lower court in the parishes of Voer, Albæk og Skæve, which meant
that they appointed the judge and got the income from fines and the
costs of the law cases.
She
was an able farmer and trader, and administered both her own and her
husband's estate. After the death of her husband, Otto Banner til
Asdal, she took over the administration of the fief, and after her
mother died the following year, she took over her two
small royal fiefs; Amtofte in Thy and Strekhals in Mors (Northern
Jutland). There are many stories about her as an evil mistress who
killed the architect of one of her estates and a harsh employer
towards the peasants, but the stories does not seem to be based on
facts. She was daughter of Niels Skeel and Karen Banner, had no
children, and lived (ca. 1545-1604). |
|
|
1585-16.. County Sheriff Margrethe Skovgaard of the
County of Davinde, Denmark |
|
Jomfru Margrethe was granted the tenantcy for life.
Owned Sanderumgård together with Karen Skovgaard 1581-83. Details
missing. |
|
 |
1586-1618 Sovereign Countess Sabine Katharina Cirksena von
Ostfriesland of Rietberg (Germany) |
|
4
years old when her mother, Walburga of Rietberg,
died, and her father, Enno III Cirksena von Ostfriesland, acted as
regent. She was married to her uncle, Count Johann von Ostfriesland
- who had converted to Catholism - with papal dispensation because
they were too closely related. She also converted and introduced the
catholic faith to her county. She died giving birth to her 11th
child, and lived (1582-1618). |
|
 |
1586-1616 Hereditary Lady Agnes Cirksena von Ostfriesland und
Rietberg of Dietrichstein-Wichelstädt, Esens Stedesdorf and Wittmund
(Germany) |
|
Sister of Countess Sabine Katharina of Rietberg, she inherited parts
of the territories of her family. She was the first wife of
Gundacker von Liechtenstein, Lord of Wilffersdorf and Riegelsdorf,
Governor of Austria (1614-17) and 1st Prince of Liechtenstein
(1623-58) and mother of two sons. His second wife was Sovereign
Duchess Elisabeth Lukretia of Teschen (1599-1653). Agnes lived
(1586-1616). |
|
|
1586-1612 Princess Zofia Olelkowicz-Slucki of Sluck (Lithuania
- Now Poland) |
|
Only one year old when she inherited the possessions of her father,
Jerzy Olelkowicz-Slucki, with her mother, Barbara Kiszczanka (d.
before 1606) acting as her guardian. She married Janusz Prince
Radziwill, castellan of Wilno (1579-1620) and lived (1585-1612) |
|
|
1586-1600 Regent Dowager Princess Barbara Kiszczanka of Sluck
(Lithuania - Now Poland) |
|
Reigned during her daughter's minority after her husband, Jerzy
Olelkowicz-Slucki's death, the large estate in what was Lithuania
at the time - it later became part of Russia, Belarus and since 1920
Poland. She was daughter of Mikolaj Kiszka, Voivode Podlaski and
Barbara Chodkiewicz, and (d. before 1608). |
|
 |
1586-95 Reigning Dowager Duchess Barbara of Brandenburg of
Brieg (Brzeg) (Poland) |
|
Also known as Brandenburska, she was widow of Duke Georg von Brieg (Jerzy
II of Brzeg) and held the Slesian Principality as her dowry |
|
 |
1586-93 Princess-Abbess Dorothea Maria von Anhalt of
Gernrode and Frose
1605-15 Joint Guardian of Sachsen-Weimar (Germany) |
|
The
last of 4 sisters to occupy the post, she resigned in order to
marry Duke Johann von Sachsen-Weimar (1570-1605). After his death,
the Duchy and her 10 surviving sons came under the guardianship of
the unpopular Electors of Sachsen-Albertine (Albertinischen
Kurfürsten). She concentrated on the education of her 8 surviving
sons who shared and expanded the inheritance: Duke Johann Ernst von
Sachsen-Weimar (1594-1626), Friederich (1596-1622), Duke Wilhelm von
Sachsen-Weimar, zu Remda, in Eisenach, Creuzburg, Gerstungen,
Salzungen, Gotha, Heldburg, Eisfeld, Weimar, Jena, Burgau, Berka,
Buttsadt, Lobeda, Eisenach, Ilmenau, Kaltennordheim, etc,
(1598-1662), Duke Albrecht of Sachsen-Eisenach, (1599-1644), Duke
Ernst I the Pious von Sachsen-Gotha, in Tenneberg, Waltershausen,
Wachsenburg, Ichtershausen, Königsberg und Tonndorf, Heldburg,
Eisfeld und Salzungen, Frauenbreitungen und Wasungen, Kranichfeld,
Altenburg, Leuchtenburg, Orlamünde, Krainburg, Eisenberg, Stadtroda,
Ronneburg, Saalfeld, Grafenthal, Probstzella, Coburg, Sonneberg,
Haldburghausen, Themar, Untermassfeld, Meiningen, Behringen und
Römhild (1601-75), Friedrich Wilhelm, (1603-19) and Bernhard
(1604-39), who became Duke of Franken in 1633, and the posthumously
born daughter, Johanna (1606-09).
She was daughter of Prince Joachim Ernst von Anhalt and Eleonore von
Württemberg, died after a fall from a horse, and lived (1574-1617). |
|
|
1586-1604 Princess-Abbess Magdalena I zur Lippe of Herford
(Germany)
|
|
Her
sister, Margareta, had been sovereign of the territory 1563-78. |
|
|
Until 1586 Reigning Abbess Louise de Bourbons-Vendôme of Faremoutiers (France)
|
|
Sister of Charlotte, who was first Abbess of Jouarre and later married Willem I
van Oranje-Nassau, and succeeded by another sister, Jeanne de Jouarre. She lived
(1548-86). |
|
|
1586-97 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager
Queen Gunilla Bielke of the Town and Estate of Björneborg with various Parishes,
the Estate and Parishes of Kumo, the Estate of Sari with certain
Parishes (Finland), the Estate of Brånäs in Östergötland with the
Parishes of Dagsbergs, Steneby and Konungsund and hundred royal
hereditary estates closest to Brånäs (Sweden) |
|
She was widow of King Johan III of Sweden,
and lived (1568-1597). |
|
|
1586-1618 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager
Princess Eleonore von Württemberg of Lichtenberg in Anhalt (Germany) |
|
Widow of Joachim Ernst, Fürst von Anhalt
(1536-86) who reigned Anhalt-Köthen from 1551 and all of the parts
of the Principality of Anhalt from 1570. With his first wife Agnes
von Barby (1540-69) he had 3 sons and 4 daughters and they had 5
sons and 3 daughters together. She lived (1552-1618). |
|
|
1586-87 County Sheriff Kirstine Andersdatter Lindenov of the
County of Vesterstad (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Kirsten Lindenov was
widow
of Steen Clausen Bille (1527-86), who was
Judge, diplomat and soldier, and
she held the fief, which is situated in the Landscape of Skåne, now
Sweden.
She owned the estate of Herrevad Kloster
and Sellerup in her own right. After 17 years of marriage she had a
son followed by one more son and a daughter (d. 1612). |
|
 |
1586-1626 County Sheriff Beate Christoffersdatter Huitfeldt of
the County of Møllerud, the Shire of Gers and the County of Epholt,
Denmark
1615-26 County Sheriff of the Counties of Lund Skt.
Peders Kloster
in Skåne (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Beate Huitfeldt
was
widow of Knud Ebbesen Ulfeldt til Svenstorp and held the small
tenantcies as security for some loans.
Mistress of the Court (Hofmesterinde) of
Queen Anna Cathrine von Brandenburg from 1597 until her death in
1612 and for the three young princes until 1617. As an award for her
court service, she was given the tenantcy of Gers Herred i Skåne and
1615 St. Peders Kloster i Lund, also Skåne,
also owner of a number of estates in her own right. She wrote the
history of her family and she was sister of the famous Chancellor of
the Realm and historian, Arild Huitfeldt, mother of 2 sons, and
lived
(1554-1626). |
|
|
1586-89 County Sheriff Karen
Ottesdatter Gyldenstierne of the County of Snersted in Skåne
(At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Karen Gyldenstierne was also known as
Karen Ottes. Her husband Jørgen Marsvin (1527-81) was Lensmand at
Landskrona and Member of the Danish Council of State until his
death. Her cousin, Karen Gyldenstierne, was Acting County Sheriff of
Bygholm 1575-76. Karen Ottes lived (1542-89). |
|
|
1586-.. County Sheriff Kirsten Ludvigsdatter
Gyldenstierne of the County of Vesterbygård, Denmark |
|
Kirsten
Gyldenstierne was widow
of Gregers Carlsen Bryske
til Skaftelevgård (d.1566) and Erik Bassesen Basse, County Sheriff
of Dalby Kloster in Skåne (d. after 1581) as his second wife. |
|
 |
1587-93 Regent Dowager Duchess Christine von Hessen-Kassel of
Holstein-Gottorp (Germany)
1587-1604 Reigning Dowager Lady of the
Administrative Office and Castle of Kiel |
|
Her
oldest son, Friederich II, succeeded his father, Adolf (1526-33-86),
as Duke of Gottorp at the age of 18. He died after one year and was
then succeeded by their second son, Philipp (1570-87-90) and finally after
his death by the youngest, Johan Adolf (1575-1590-1616).
Her husband had been given the duchy after the death of his
father, King Frederik I of Denmark and his older brother, Johann was
given Hadersleben (Haderslev) but he died without issue in 1591. She
was mother of a total of 10 children, and lived
(1543-1604). |
|
|
1587-90 and 1596-99 Reigning
Abbess-General Inés Enríquez of the Monastery of Santa Maria la
Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
The
first Abbess to be elected for a three years period - and to be
re-elected. Before that Abbesses of the chapter were elected for
life. |
|
|
1587-89 County Sheriff Pernille Albrechtsdatter Gøye of the
County of Vesterstad (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Pernille Gøye was probably married to Hak Holgersen Ulfstand til
Hikkebjerg (1535-95), who married Anne Vernerdatter Parsberg after
her death. She did not have any children, and lived (1550-89). |
|
|
1587-90 County Sheriff Tale Tagesdatter Thott of the Counties
of
Åhus and Åsum, (At the time Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Thale Thott or
Tale Tot was in charge of Åhus and Åsum, situated in the Landscape
of Skåne after the death of her husband, Arild Axelsen Urup
(1528-87). A number of folk tales and folk songs were written about
their love story.
She lived (1550-1611). |
|
 |
1587
Acting County Sheriff Lene Tagesdatter Thott of Hammershus with the 4 Herreds of Bornholm,
Denmark |
|
Lene Thott was widow of Henrik Brahe. Mother of 7 children, and (d. 1599). |
|
|
1587-92 Overseer of the Crown
Lands Zofia Garnysz of Barcice and
Rytro, Poland |
|
Her Polish title of starościna niegrodowa translate into "Elder" in
the female version and she held the territory as representative of the king. |
|
 |
1588-94
Regent Dowager Queen Sophie von Mecklenburg-Schwerin of
Schleswig-Holstein (Slesvig-Holsten) (Denmark and Germany)
1588-1631 Reigning Dowager Lady of Lolland-Falster, County
Sheriff of the County of Nykøbing with the 2 Shires of Falster
and the Counties of Ålholm and Ravnsborg,
Denmark |
|
Sophie af Mecklenborg was widow of Frederik 2., and regent for her
son Christian 4. in the Duchies of Slesvig-Holsten 1588-94. She was
engaged in a power struggle with the Regents of Denmark, The Council of
State, which had Christian declared of age in 1593, but she did not give
up her position in the Duchies before the following year. She then
withdrew to Lolland-Faster, where she managed her estates extremely well
and became very rich, lending her son a lot of money for his warfares. Her Dowries included the jurisdiction
of Majbølle, Nybølle, Kallø, Soersmark, Oreby, Urne and Vignæs Birk,
which meant that she had the right to appoint the judge (birkedommer) and
received the income from the costs of the proceedings and fines.
She lived (1557-1631). |
|
 |
1588-94 Titular Duchess Charlotte de La Mack of Boullion,
Princess of Sedan, Jametz and Ravcourt (France) |
|
Inherited the title from her
brother, Guillaume-Robert, and after she died giving birth to a
stillborn daughter, she was succeeded by husband, Henri de la Tour
d'Auvergne. The duchy today is held by the Dukes of Rohan, via
succession trough female lines. She
lived (1575-94). |
|
|
1588-1613 Titular Marchioness Maria Mencia van Wittem van
Beersel of Bergen op Zoom, Countess van Walhain, Dame
of Beerssel, Duffel, Gheel, Leefdael, Waver, Eigenbrakel etc. (The
Netherlands) |
|
Daughter of Jan van Wittem, Vicomte de Sébourg etc (d. 1588), who was
joint superintendent with his wife, Marie Marguerite de Mérode,
Marchioness van Bergen op Zoom (d. 1588). Maria Mencia was first
married to Herman van Berg s'Heerenberg, count of Bergh, Governor of
Spanish Gelre (1558-1611), and secondly to Guillaume de Melun,
Prince d'Epinoy (d. 1635), and was succeeded by daughter Maria
Elisabeth Clara. Maria Mencia's sister Margareta inherited the title
of Baroness van Bautershem and Ernestine inherited the title of
Countess de Walhain, Viscountess de Sébourg. She
lived (1581-1613). |
|
|
1588-98 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth VIII von
Manderscheid-Blankenheim of Essen (Germany) |
|
Sister of Elisabeth VI, who had resigned in 1578 in order to marry
an Evangelical count. The abbey was severely damaged during the wars of
the time. In 1590 she appointed her brother Amtmann (Governor) in
Breisig, a small territory which was also claimed by the Duke of Jülich. |
|
|
1589-93 Governor Luisa Grinalda, Espírito Santo (Brazil) |
|
After the death of her husband, Vasco Fernandes Coutinho, she acted as
governor for the King of Portugal, until she returned to her
Portugal and died in a Chapter in Èvora some years later. She was
daughter of
Pedro Álvares Corrêa and Caterina Grimaldi, and lived (1541-ca.
1626). |
|
 |
1589-1602 Sovereign Countess Amelie von Neuenahr-Alpen of
Neuenahr und Limburg, Acting Hereditary Marshal of the
Diocese of Köln, Acting Lady of Alpen, Helpenstein and Lennep
(The Netherlands and Germany) |
|
In
charge of Vianden and a number of attached possessions 1579-87 as an
inheritance from her first husband, Heinrich von Brederode
(1531-68). She married Friedrich II von der Pfalz in 1569, but he
died in 1576. In 1589 she inherited Limburg from her half-brother,
Anton. In 1590 she was given the rights of use of Alpen, Helpenstein,
Lennep and Erbvogtei of Köln by her half-sister, Magdalena, who was
the owner of the territories after the death of their brother. Alpen
was occupied by the Republic of the Netherlands in 1597 and the
following year by the Spanish Low Countries which also occupied Helpenstein and the Stewardship of Köln. 1600 she took possession of
Alpen and, she still held the right of Linnep and Limburg. She was
succeeded by sister, Magdalena, the basis of the
inheritance-settlement (erbvertrag) from 1575. Also known as Amalia,
she was daughter of Gumprecht II. von Neuenahr-Alpen, Count of
Limburg (1505-1552/1556), and Carda von Schaumburg (d. 1540) in her
second marriage, and lived (1539-1602). |
|
 |
1589-1601 Sovereign Duchess Louise de Lorraine-Vaudémont of
Berry (France) |
|
After her husband,
King
Henri III of France, was murdered, she spend the rest of her life in
mourning. She
did not have any children, and lived (1553-1601). |
|
|
1589-1605 Princess-Abbess Ursula II von Stotzingen of
Heggbach (Germany) |
|
Prioress and second-in-command for a number of years before her
election. At the time of her reign, her family was Imperial
Immediate Lords (Reichsfreien Herren) of a territory in Württemberg
and were later appointed Counts. |
|
|
1589-1611 Princess-Abbess Anna Erika zu Waldeck-Eisenberg of
Gandersheim (Germany) |
|
The
first Evangelical ruler of the territory and for the first time
since 1206 no Papal confirmation was sought for her election. She
saw the fact that Emperor Rudolf II gave her the fief and regalia
(mit den regalien belehnt) as a proof of the independent character
of the territory and she refused to swear an oath of allegiance
(Erbhuldigung) to the Duke of Braunschweig, but in 1593 she and Duke
Heinrich Julius signed the "Grand Treaty" (Grosser Vertrag) where
she gave the Duke a right to have a say when positions within the
chapter had to be filled. On the other hand the Duke accepted that
the Chapter enjoyed Freedom of the Realm (Reichsunmittelkeit). The
chapter burned down in 1597 and was rebuilt in renaissance-style,
which lead to heavy depths to the Duke of Braunschweig. She was
daughter of Wolrad II Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg and Anastasia von
Schwarzenburg, and lived (1551-1611). |
|
|
1589-94 County Sheriff Anne Pedersdatter Galt of the County
Nederby (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Anne Galt was widow
of Anders Keldsen Bing, Councillor of the Realm, County Sheriff of
Nederby and Varberg. (d. 1589) without children as the last male of
his family. She lived (1546-after 1605). |
|
|
1589 County Sheriff Anne Jørgensdatter Vestermand of
Thistedgård with Hundborg Herred, Denmark |
|
Anne Venstermand til Pilegård was widow
of Godske Brockenhuus, and (d. after 1607). |
|
 |
Ca.
1590-1660 Mwan and Yau Lundij Rweej of Lunda (Congo) |
|
Succeeded by husband Cibinda Ilunga as ruler of the marshy
environment of the Upemba depression, the source of the Zaire River,
which encouraged the formation of a state. It demanded that its
inhabitants develop forms of large-scale cooperation if they were to
maintain a secure and productive lifestyle. In the Upemba
environment of lakes, marshes and river channels, they needed dikes
to protect homes against seasonal flooding, drainage channels, and
dams to retain lake waters for dry-season fishing. |
|
|
Before 1590 Datuk I Sambo of Tallo
(Indonesia) |
|
Inherited the principality from her father, I Daeng Padulu, and was
succeeded by husband, Tunijallo, who was also Somba of Gowa. |
|
|
1590-1607 I-Dangka We Tan-ri Tuppu, Arumpone of Bone
(Indonesia) |
|
Successor of her father, and abdicated in favour of her husband as
rule by women became to be considered not to be in keeping with Islam, but he was deposed
after one year for urging his people to accept Islam. Her ceremonial
name was MatinroE-ri Sidenreng. |
|
|
1590 Regent Dowager Princess Isabel de Mendoza of
Piombino and the Lordships of Scarlino,
Populonia, Suvereto, Buriano, Abbadia al Fango and Vignale and the
Islands of Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa,
Cerboli and Palmaiola
(Italy) |
|
After the death of her husband,
Alessandro
Appiani d'Aragona,
she was regent for son, Giacopo VIII (1581-1603). Later her daughter,
Isabella (1577-1661), was Princess of the territory 1611-24 until
she was deposed by the Spanish. The daughter of Don Pedro Gonsalvo de Mendoza, COunt of Binasco, Ambassador of the King of
Spain to Genova, she lived (1558-1619).
|
|
|
1590-? Joint Sovereign Countess Anne de Montmorency-Laval of Joigny (France)
|
|
Succeeded to the country jointly with her sister after the death of
their brother Guy de Laval. |
|
|
1590-1606 Joint Sovereign Countess Gabrielle de Montmorency-Laval of Joigny (France)
|
|
She sold the county to Pierre de Gondi. She d. 1616). |
|
|
1590-93
Reigning
Abbess-General Beatriz Manrique of the Monastery of Santa Maria la
Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
Held both secular and temporal powers of the abbey and the surrounding
territories. |
|
|
1591-1604 Guardian Dowager Electress Sophie von Brandenburg of
Sachsen (Germany)
1591-1622 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Offices and Castles of
Rochlitz, Colditz and Borna, the Office and Castle of Leisnig with
the Cities of Leisnig and Döbeln in Sachsen |
|
After the death of her husband, Christian I von Sachsen (1560-86-91) she was
guardian for their son, Christian II (1583-91-1611) and other
children. She was very much involved in the religious fights during
her lifetime and on her demand the Calvinist Chancellor Nikolaus
Crell and a big part of the Saxon nobility were arrested and after a
lengthily process executed in 1611. A very able administrator, she
extended her dowry over the years, held a large court with many
civil servants, and Colditz experienced a time of cultural and
commercial growth. The castle remained the dowry of Saxonian Dowager
Electresses until 1753.
She lived
(1568-1622). |
|
|
1591-1603 Regent Dowager Countess
Walburga von Bentheim-Steinfurt of Wied
(Germany)
1603-05 (or 1628) Dowager Reigning Lady of Gronau in Bentheim |
|
After the death
of her husband, Count Hermann I zu Wied,
she was regent for their son, Johann Wilhelm (ca. 1580-1633). After
he came of age, she took over her
dowry in her "native" Bentheim. Mother of 3 sons and 3 daughters
and lived (1555-1628). |
|
 |
1591 Acting County Sheriff Anne Knudsdatter Gyldenstierne of of
the County of Malmøhus with the Shires of Oxle, Ingelstad and
Jærestad and the County of Högby (At the time part of Denmark, now
Sweden)
1591-92 Acting County Sheriff of the County of Kalundborg
with the Shires of Arts Løve and Ods Skippinge and Samsø,
Denmark |
|
Anna or Anne Gyldenstierne was widow of Corfitz Viffert. She lived
(1544-95). |
|
|
1591-1637
Feudal Duchess Isabella Gonzaga of Sabbioneta e Treatto,
Contessa di Roddi e Ricalta, Baronessa di Caramanico e
Tutino, Marchesa di Ostiano, Contessa di Fondi (Italy)
|
|
Succeeded her brother, Vespasiano I, and was married to Don Luigi Carafa
Principe di Stigliano (d. 1630). At her death she was succeeded by
her granddaughter,
Donna Anna Carafa de Stigliano-Gonzaga (1637-44), who was married to
the Duke de Medinas de Torres, Don Ricardo de Guzmán.
She lived
(1565-1637). |
|
|
1592-1600 Regent Dowager Duchess Dorothea af Danmark of
Braunschweig-Lüneburg (Germany)
1592
Reigning Dowager Lady of the Administrative Office and Castle
of Winsen (Schloss und Amt) and
of Gross Rhode |
|
From 1582 her husband, Wilhelm, suffered fits of insanity and she fled
in security. After his death she was regent for son, Duke Georg
(1692-1644) who inherited the duchies of Carlenberg-Göttingen from a
relative. She mistrusted the Councillors who had thrown the country
into chaos during her husband's illness, took matters in her own
hand and became known as an energetic and charitable regent. She was
daughter of King Christian III of Denmark and lived (1546-1617). |
|
|
1592-1609 Politically Influential Princess Sibylla von
Jülich-Kleve-Berg of Jülich-Kleve-Berg-Mark (Germany) |
|
Contemporary sources describe her as power-mad, stupid and
vindictive. She supported Marshal Wilhelm von Waldenburg and in 1595 she handed over a petition against
her sister-in-law, Jakobäa von Baden, to the Landtag in
Grevenbroich accusing her of among others infidelity. She
and von Waldenburg claimed to working for the healing of the insane
Duke and in this way they managed to keep power. They were rumoured
to have caused the sudden and mysterious death of Jakobäa, and the
rumours continued for centuries. After the death of her brother,
Johann Wilhelm, she engaged in a war of succession together with her
husband, Archduke Karl of Austria (d. 1618) against the husbands and
children of her sisters: Marie Eleonora (1550-1608), Anne
(1552-1632) with her husband, Pfalzgraf Philipp Ludwig von
Pfalz-Neuburg (d. 1614), Magdalena (1553-33) with Pfalzgraf Johann
von Pfalz-Zweibrücken (d. 1604). In the end it was the oldest daughter of Marie Eleonora, Anna von Preussen, who inherited the duchies. Sibylle
lived (1557-1627). |
|
|
1592-98 Politically Influential Queen Anna von Habsburg of
Poland |
|
The
beginning of the 17th Century in Poland went through a very
turbulent time,
and she was influential during the reign of her husband Zygmunt III
Wasa, who was elected as successor of Stefan Batory as King of the
Polish and Lithuanian Commonwealth. Sigismund was son of Johann III
Vasa of Sweden (1537-1592) and Katarina of Poland (1526-83), the
daughter of Sigismund I the Old and his wife Bona Sforza. On his
father's death, he was offered the Swedish throne, and he was
crowned in 1594. He tried to rule Sweden from Poland but his uncle
(duke Charles, later king Charles IX) took full control of Sweden.
In 1598 Sigismund tried to defeat him with a mixed army from Sweden
and Poland but was defeated in the battle of Stångebro. She was
daughter of Archduke Karl II of Austria, mother of four children,
and lived (1573-98). |
|
|
1592-1608
Guardian Dowager Duchess Sophie von Holstein-Gottorp
of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Güstrow (Germany)
1592 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Administrative Offices of
Rehna, Wittenburg and Lübz
1603-08
Administrator of Schwerin |
|
After her husband, Duke Johann VII of (1558-76-92) committed
suicide at Stargard, she became guardian for her sons, Duke Adolf
Friedrich I of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1588-92-1628) and
Johann Albrecht II of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1590-92-1610-36) and
yielded substantial influence over the government in Schwerin. After
the death of her
brother-in-law
Sigismund August was Duke (1576-1603) and
his
uncle, Ulrich III (1603) she signed a treaty with the new Duke Karl
which left her with the administration of Schwerin until her sons
came of age. She was engaged in heavy disputes with the Treasurer
Andreas Meier, whom she accused of fraud and she demeaned to have
the financial control transferred to her at the Assemblies of 1604
and 1606, but it was denied. She was active in trade and commerce
and modernised her residence in her dowries where
she
possessed full sovereignty - except for the role as
fief-overlord over the nobility. But her territories were
occupied several times during the Thirty Years War. Her sons accused
her of mismanagement and their relationship was never good.
She
lived (1569-1634). |
|
|
1592-1600
Reigning Abbess
Agnes Reiff genannt Walter von Blidegg
of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
|
As Abbess she also held the overlordship and lower jurisdiction in the villages of Wald, Buffenhofen, Burrau,
Dietershofen, Gaisweiler, Hippetsweiler,
Kappel, Litzelbach,
Otterswang,
Reischach, Riedetsweiler,
Ringgenbach, Rothenlachen, Steckeln,
Walbertsweiler
und Weihwang by the Bodenzee Lake and outside it's acctual territories of Igelswies, Ruhestetten und Tautenbronn. |
|
 |
1592 Acting County Sheriff Hilleborg Clausdatter Daa of the
County of Hald, Denmark |
|
Following the death of her husband, Jørgen Skram, Hilleborg Daa took
over the administration of the fief. Daughter of Claus Daa af
Ravnstrup. She lived (1549-95). |
|
 |
1592-93
County Sheriff Christence Cortiftzdatter
Viffert of the County of Vinstrupgård, Denmark |
|
Christence Vifferet was
widow of Henrik Bille til Mogenstrup (1559-92). Mother of one son, and
(d. 1604). |
|
|
1592
Acting County Sheriff
Lisbeth Mikkelsdatter Seested of Roskildegård with Harritsborg and
Kirketjenerne under bispegården og Fadeburslenet, Denmark |
|
Lisbeth Seested was widow of
Niels Vernersen Parsberg til Harrested og Sandbygård.
She lived (1555-1624). |
|
|
After 1592-1631 Overseer of the Crown Lands Zofia Herburtowna Czarnkowska of Świecie,
Poland |
|
Appointed by the King as his local representative. |
|
 |
1592-1632
Politically Influential Urszula Meierin in Poland |
|
The chamberialin and administrator of the Queen's court (her surname
means chamberlain) and Senior Governess and very close and unofficial advisor of king Zygmunt III Waza (1566-87-1632) of Poland and his wifes Queen Anna
Austriaczka and Queen Konstancja Austriaczka. Also known as Meyerin
and her real name was possibly
Ursula Gienger von Grünbüch.
She lived (around 1570-1635). |
|
|
1593-1604 Sovereign Countess Magdalene von Nassau-Wiesbaden of
Virneburg (Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Joachim von Manderscheid-Schleiden
(1540-82), 2 relatives were appointed regents and guardians for
her children, and she spend lot of energy keeping on to her dowry Neurburg
and preventing her young son from being taken abroad for "proper
catholic education" by the Spanish Duke of Alba, the governor of the
Southern Netherlands - Manderscheid was within the
Luxembourgian interest sphere. Her son Philipp Dietrich died in
1590 and her daughters and son-in-laws were engaged in a fight over
the succession, which was solved in the way that the 3
sons-in-law alternated in reigning the country one year at a time.
In the end the county of Schleiden was divided among the three. She
later inherited the country of Virneburg from her brother-in-law,
Count Dietrich IV von Manderscheid-Schleiden-Virneburg, who was the
last male member of the line. She secured the succession for her
oldest, and only surviving daughter, Elisabeth, who took over the inheritance
in 1604 and transferred the county to her husband and son.
Magdalene lived
(1546-1604). |
|
|
1593-1616 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Countess Anna von Nassau-Dillenburg
of Weilburg and
of the Lordship of Wehen
in
Nassau-Ottweiler (Germany) |
|
Widow of Count Albrecht
von Nassau-Ottweiler, Ottweiler, Hohenburg, Kircheim, Lahr and
Mahlberg, a leading follower of the reformation and diplomat.
The lordship of Wehen was poor and she
managed to revitalise the economy and build a school in the area,
and from 1602 she lived together with her daughter-in-law, Elizabeth
von Hessen-Darmstadt at the Castle of Wehen.
Mother of 14 children and lived (1541-1616). |
|
|
1593-1610 Princess-Abbess Sophie Elisabeth von Anhalt-Dessau of
Gernrode and Frose (Germany) |
|
When she resigned in order to marry her cousin, Georg Rudolf (Jerzy)
von Liegnitz (1595-1653), as his first wife, the Ecclesiastical
Territory was secularised and incorporated into Anhalt-Bernburg. She
was daughter of Johann Georg I von Anhalt-Dessau and his first wife,
Dorothea von Mansfeld-Arnstein, did not have any children, and lived
(1589-1622). |
|
|
1593-96 and 1599-1601
Reigning
Abbess-General Juana de Ayala of the
Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
Her
title was noble Lady, the superior, prelate, and lawful
administratrix in spirituals and temporals of the royal abbey. |
|
|
1593-1643
Reigning Abbess
Louise de L'Hôpital of Montvilliers
(France) |
|
Appoined by a bulle by Pope Clement VIII. One of 3 Abbesses from the Dynasty.
Nicolas, Marquis de Vitry et d'Arc, Count de Châteauvillain and Seigneur de
Coubert and Lucrèce Bouhier, succeeded by niece Anne de L'Hôpital , and lived
(1567-1643). |
|
 |
1594-1613 Queen
Kusumasana Devi of Kandy (Sri Lanka) |
|
Her father,
king Karaliadde Bandara, on his deathbed had placed her in the custody
of the Portugues, brought her up as a Christian under the name of Dona
Catarina. Together with the Portugese she fought Vimaladharma and as
installed on the throne. Her supporter, Lopez de Souza, was killed at
the battle of Danture in 1594 when she fell into the hands of Konappu
Bandara, a Kandyan aristocrat who had mastered Portuguese military
skills by feigning to have become a Christian became the king of
Senkadagalapura (Kandy) in 1592, after deposing the Portuguese puppet
Don Juan, set up by them. Konappu Bandara assumed the name of
Vimaladharmasuriya I, (1592- 1604) marrying her and thereby
strengthening his claim to the throne. After his death, she married
his first cousin Senarat (1604-1635), a former priest. She lived
(1578-1613).
|
|
|
1594-1608 Princess-Abbess Margaretha II Mufflin of Obermünster
in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Elected
as successor of Magdalena von Gleissenthal. |
|
|
1594-1610 Princess-Abbess Eléonore von Montfort of
Buchau (Germany) |
|
Her reign was very
quiet and the chapter was in a stable development. She
was daughter of Count Hugo von Montfort and Magdalena von
Schwarzenberg and niece of the former abbess, Margarete von Montfort
(1540-56). |
|
 |
1594 County Sheriff Thale Holgersdatter Ulfstand of the County
of Malmøhus (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
In
various documents Thale Ulfstand wrote her name as Thaale Wlffstandt
til Skabersøe. She took over as Lensmand after the death of her
brother, Hack Holgersen
Ulfstand, who had been Government Councillor, Councillor of State,
Marsk, Knight of the Order of the Elephant and after the death of
King Frederik 2, guardian for his son, Christian 4, but
was executed for treason in 1590. (d. 1604). |
|
|
1594
Acting County Sheriff
Karen Iversdatter Krabbe of
Hammershus with the 4 Herreds of Bornholm,
Denmark |
|
Karen Krabbe was in charge of the tenantcy after the death of her
husband, Falk Falksen Gøye. Her sister, Anne, was Acting County
Sheriff in 1580. Karen was mother of 2 children, and (d. 1602). |
The carriage presented to Safiye as a present by Queen Elizabeth I of
England |
1594-1603 Politically Influential Safiye Vailde Sultan
of The Ottoman Empire (Covering Turkey, Greece, The Balcans, parts of
the Middle East and Northern Africa) |
|
Already as Chief Wife of her husband, Murat III from 1574 she was the
power behind the throne especially after the death of her
mother-in-law Nurbanu. She continued the pro-Venetian policy of
Nurbanu and maintained an extensive foreign correspondence, most
notably with Queen Elizabeth I of England. When her husband died,
she kept the news secret, because wanted to give her son, Mehmet,
time to return from Manisa, where he was governor. In 1599 Queen
Elizabeth presented him with an organ and her with a splendid
carriage, which she used to excursions into the town. When Mehmet
died in 1603 her grandson, Ahmet I, sent her to the Old Seray where
she died 15 years later.
She lived
(1550-1618). |
|
|
1594-1600 (†) Politically Influential Esperanza Malchi in the
Ottoman Empire (Covering Turkey, Greece, The Balcans, parts of the
Middle East and Northern Africa) |
|
Throughout the ages the Queen Mothers had carried out their financial
dealings through a series of Jewish women (kira), who acted as
commercial agents for the secluded Harem women. She was Safiye's kira,
and became enormously rich, and the Secretary to
the British embassy in the 1600s even attributed her influence to
the fact that she and Safiye were lovers. In 1600 the imperial
cavalry rose up in a revolt because of the devaluation of the
currency. Their fury was directed towards her and she was killed
together with her son. |
|
 |
1595-96 Acting County Sheriff Margrethe Ottosdatter Brahe of
the Counties of Åkjær and Sønderlyngherred, Denmark
1612 Acting County Sheriff of the County of Landskrona Skåne
(At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
|
Margrethe Brahe was in
charge of the administration of the tenantcy after the death of her
hsuband,
Councillor of State
Christen Skeel til Hegnet, Hammeltofte and Fusingø (1543-96), who was
County Sheriff (Lensmand) of the Fiefs of Bøvling Slot and Len and Aakjær Len
for many years. After the death of her second husband,
Christian (Kristen) Bernekov, she was in charge of his tenantcy.
She was daughter of Otto Brahe til
Knudstrup and Beate Bille, who was
County Sheriff of Røding from 1571,
and lived (1551-1616). |
|
 |
1595-99 Duchess Gabrielle d'Estree of Beaufort and Verneuil,
Marquise
de Monceaux (France) |
|
Mistress of Henri IV of France and active in persuading him to
convert from Protestantism to Catholism. She died after having given
birth to a stillborn child, her third, and lived (1571-99). |
|
|
1595-1615
Princess-Abbess Maria III von und zu Eltz of Munsterbilzen,
Dame of Wellen, Haccourt, Hallembaye and Kleine-Spouwen (Belgium) |
|
Possibly the
daughter of Bernhard, Herr von und zu Eltz zu Üttingen und
Wolmeringen, Governor of Diedenhofen, Statholder of Luxemburg, (d.
b.1550) and Jutta de Villers (d. before 1534). |
|
|
1596-1616 Reigning Dowager Duchess Anna von Württemberg of
Hainau (Chojnów) (Poland) |
|
Also known as Anna Wirtemberska, she held the Slesian Duchy as her
dowry after the death of her first husband, Duke Jan Jerzy of Oława
(Johan von Ohlau). In 1594 she was married (as the third wife) to
Duke Friederich IV von Liegnitz (Fryderyk of Legnica). She was
daughter of Duke Christopher von Württemberg and markgräfin Anna
Maria von Brandenburg-Bayreuth, mother of two children, and
lived (1561-1616). |
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1596-99 Acting County Sheriff Margrethe Ottesdatter Rosenkrantz
of the County of Hindsgavl with Vendsherred, Denmark |
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After the death of her husband, Hans Johansen Lindenov, Margrethe
Rosenkrantz was in charge of the tenantcy.
She raised several young noble women and
her own grandchildren, and was mother of 9 children, and lived
(1552-1635). |
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1596-1602
Abbess with the authority of a County Sheriff
Margrethe
Pedersdatter Norby
of the Chapter and Town of
Maribo and surroundings (Denmark) |
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Elected as successor of Sophia Gyldenstjerne. She had been
married to Jørgen Bryske until their divorce, and in 1564
she entered the chapter. As Abbess she held the jurisdiction
of those who lived at the estates of the Chapter and 1559
over the City of Maribo and surroundings. This meant that she
had the right to appoint the judge (birkedommer) and
received the income from the costs of the proceedings and
fines. Daughter of Peder Norby til Urup (d. 1602). |
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1596
Acting County Sheriff
Dorthe Gundesdatter Lange of
the County of Kalø with the Shires of Mols, Nørre- and Sønderherred,
Djurs, Sønderhand and Østerlisberg, Denmark |
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Dorthe Lange was widow of Jørgen Rosenkrantz, chancellor and leader
of the regency government for the minor King Christian 4. Her
mother, Karen Breide, had been
County Sheriff of Svendstrup
1539-44 .
She was mother of 3 children, and lived (1541-1613). |
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1596 Governor and Admiral Isabel Barreto de Castro, Santa Cruz
(Solomon Islands at the time a Spanish Possession)
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Just after
the death of her husband, Alvaro Mendana de Neyra,
Spanish navigator (1541-96), she proclaimed herself governor and took
command of the fleet. Her
husband had been given command of a small fleet by his uncle,
the Governor-General of Peru in 1567. After his return they married
and in 1594 Philip II appointed him as governor of the island of San
Cristobal in the Solomons, and gave orders to found a colony there.
They left for the islands in 1595 and on the way they discovered the
Marquesas de Mendoza Islands and another large island, which they
named Santa Cruz, and resolved to establish the colony there. Some
of the crew murdered one of the native chiefs, and a bloody war was
begun against the invaders. Afterward there was a mutiny among the
troops. These adversities undermined her husabnd's health, and he soon
died, leaving the government to her. Soon after she and the chief
pilot, Quiros resolved to abandon the colony, and she directed her
ships to the Philippines. She held the title “La Amiranta de la Mar
Oceana”, and lived (1570-1612). |
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1597-1603 Crown Councillor Dowager Empress Hamalmal
Malik Mogasa of Ethiopia
1604-1607 Politically Influential |
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Following the death of her husband, Emperor Sartsa Dengel (or Malik
Sagad I) (1563-97), she was member of the regency for stepson, Yaqub
(Malik Sagad II) (1590-97-1603 and 1604-07), and remained
influential after he came of age. He was deposed by a cousin in 1603
and killed in battle against another, who took over the throne. She
was born as Mariam Senna, and (d. 1614). |
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1597 Regent Dowager Feudal Baroness Isabella della Tolfa of
Agripoli(Italy) |
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The
widow of Agostino Grimaldi and regent for son, Nicola Merualdo
Grimaldi, she sold the feudal
the barony to Dalmazio Arcalla Caracciolo for 12.390 Ducates. |
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1597-1611 Regent Dowager Lady Metta van Limburg-Bronckhorst of
Holstein-Schaumburg-Gemen (Germany) |
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When her husband, Heinrich V von Holstein-Schaumburg-Gemen died, their
only son, Jobst Herman, was 4 years old, and she took over the
government of the territories in Northern Germany and the
Netherlands, among others' the Water-castle (Wasserburg) Gemen van
Schaumburg. |
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1597-1628 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Countess Erika
von Isenburg-Birstein of the Castle and Administrative Office of
Burgschwalbach in Nassau-Weilburg (Germany) |
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Widow of Count Wilhelm von Nassau-Weilburg, she died in Berleburg
where the youngest of her 2 daughters, Elisabeth Juliane
(1598-1647) was married to Count Ludwig Kasimir von
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (d. 1643) and Count Georg von
Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (d. 1680). The oldest, Anna (1597-1645)
was married to Count Friedrich X von Leiningen-Dagsburg.
She lived
(1569-1628). |
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1597-1608
Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Katharina Sophia von
Liegnitz of the
Administrative Offices of
Flossenbürg and
Vohenstrauß
and parts of
Parkstein-Weiden in Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Velden-Parkestein
(Germany) |
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Widow of Pfalzgraf Friedrich II. von
Pfalz-Zweibrücken-Veldenz-Parkestein, who had
been
given the Offices of Parkstein, Weiden und Flossenbürg, when his
father died. Since both their sons and their daughter died as
infants the
seigniorial rights returned to the Principality of Pfalz-Neuburg, but
she remained in charge of her dowry and resided at the Castel of Friedrichsburg
bei Vohenstrauß, that her husband had built. She was daughter
of Heinrich XI. von Liegnitz, Brieg und Goldberg, and lived
(1561-1608). |
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Until 1598
Regent Dowager Lady Catalina Escobar
of Lanzarote (Spain) |
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Reigned in the name of Agustin I de Herrera (1537-1598) |
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1598-1621
Regent Dowager Lady Mariana Enriquez
Manrique de la Vega of Lanzarote (Spain) |
Reigned in the name of Agustin II de
Herrera y
Rojas
(1594-1631) |
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1598-1658 Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Duchess Klara zu Braunschweig-Lüneburg of the Administrative
Office and Castle
of Heringen an der Helme in
Schwarzburg (Germany) |
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Due to her wise actions
during the Thirty Year War, she managed to save the city from plundering and war
taxes. She was widow of
Wilhelm I. Count of
Schwarzburg-Blankenburg, Lord of Hohenstein
Count Wilhelm I von Schwarzburg-Blankenburg (1535-83-97).
She was the 8th of 16 children of Duke Wilhelm of Braunschweig-Lüneburg
(1535-59-92) and Dorothea af Danmark (1549-1617), and
lived (1571-1658).
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1598 De facto reigning Zarina Irina
Fedorovna
Godunova of Russia (07.-17. January) |
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Considered to be the effective ruler throughout the reign of her
weak husband, Fedor I Ivanovich, from 1584. In 1598 she took the
throne for ten days before retirering to a convent to become a nun.
After a brief interregnum, her brother Boris Godunov was elected to
succeed her. She lived (1557-1603). |
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1598-1621 Isabel Clara Eugenia, Infanta of Spain, By the Grace of
Good Archduchess of Austria, Joint Duchess of Burgundy,
Lothringen, Brabant, Limbourg, Luxembourg and of Gelders, Joint
Countess of Vlaanderen, Artois and Bourgogne and Tirol,
Palatine of Hainault, Holland, Namour and of Zuytphen,
Margravine of the Holy Roman Realm, Joint Lady of
Friesland, Salins, Mechelen, of the City, Cities and Lands
of Utrecht, Overijssel and Groeningen
1589-1633 Countess of Franche-Comté (Belgium)
1617-33 Joint Marchioness of Coligny and Andelot (France)
1621-33 Governor of the Southern Low Countries
(Belgium-Luxembourg) |
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After her uncle,
Henri III of France, was assassinated 1589, her father, Felipe II of
Spain, claimed the French crown on her behalf in spite of the Salic
Law and the fact that her mother, Elisabeth de Valois, had to abjure
any claims to the French crown with her marriage. 10 years later she
married her cousin Archduke Albert of Austria,
and they became joint Governors of the Southern Netherlands.
Their reign brought a period of
much-needed peace and stability to the economy and their actions
stimulated the growth of a separate South Netherlandish identity.
She promoted the Flemish Baroque and artists as Rubens, Brueghel,
Coebergher, the De Nole family, the Van Veens and others. Their
court became a vital link in the chain of Habsburg courts and the
diplomatic conduits between Madrid, Vienna, Paris, London, Lisbon,
Graz, Innsbruck and Prague. When her husband died in 1621, she
joined the order of the Sisters of St. Clare, and became the
governor of the Netherlands. Mother of 3 children who all died as
infants, and lived (1566-1633). |
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1598-99 Sovereign Countess Anna von
Stolberg-Königstein-Rochefort of Wertheim and Rochefort (Germany) |
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Her father Ludwig zu Stolberg-Königstein had
inherited the possessions of the House of Eppstein-Königstein
in 1532 and in 1556 he inherited the county of Wertheim.
She was married to Count Ludwig zu Löwenstein-Scharffeneck
(1530-1611), who added Wertheim to his name and was Stadholder of
Styria, Carinthia and Carnolia. She lived (1531/48-99). |
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1598-1625 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth IV Hartmann of Baindt
(Germany) |
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In
1607 she introduced the more strong clausures and the common meal
that had been demanded already in 1573. And in 1622 she build the
long-building (Langbau) and reconstructed the Mill of the Chapter,
which was financially very important for the territory |
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1598-1604 Princess-Abbess Margaretha-Elisabeth von
Manderscheid-Gerolstein of Essen (Germany) |
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From 1586 she had been Abbess of the Stift Gerresheim, from 1598 of
Freckenhorst, in 1590 she had become Probstin of Relinghausen and around 1600 she was elected Abbess in
Schwarzrheindorf. She was daughter of Count Hans Gerhard and
Margarethe, Wild und Rheingräfin, and lived (1569-1604). |
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1598-1605 Princess-Abbess Katharina II Scheiffl of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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Member of the Assembly of the Bavarian Circle. The function of each
Circle was primarily the administration of Imperial law and the
maintenance of order, but the assemblies also served to assess local
opinion and to direct regional efforts as circumstances dictated.
The system was formalized in 1500, when Emperor Maximilian I created
6 circles (Bavaria, Franconia, Lower Saxony, Swabia, Upper Saxony,
Westphalia), and reorganized twelve years later into ten, with the
addition of Austria, Burgundy, the Rheinish Electorates, and the
Rhine Palatinate. |
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1598-1611 Politically Influential Queen Margarita
d'Austria of Spain and Portugal |
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Reacted toward the influence of the advisors and
the Duke of Lerma during the reign of her spouse, King Felipe III, and was active in an intrigue
to reveal the corrucption she accused Lerma of having, which eventually lead to
his fall from power, although not until after her own death. Active in
representing the
Austrian Habsburg interests at the Spanish court from 1599 until her death. A great patroness
of the arts, she was daughter of Archduke Karl II of Austria-Este and Maria Anna
of Bavaria, and mother of a number of children. She
lived (1584-1611). |
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1599-1610 Reigning Dowager Lady Katharina av Sverige of Pewsum,
Woquard Loquard and Campen in Ostfriesland and Neeuwarden
(Germany) |
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Held the territories after the death of her husband, Edzard II of
Ostfriesland, and after her death the four lordships were united
into the office of Pewsum, which was inherited by her son, Enno III.
Also known as Catharina Wasa, she travelled, with her
one-year old son, to her estates in Ostfriesen and Neeuwarden, and
took care of those for a month, and while there she felt the murmur,
the more open talks of rebellion, the Calvinists urge to throw of
the Spanish King. After a couple of months she went to Madrid, where
the King used her as a sort of "Advisor of Protestant Affairs". She
was daughter of king Gustav I Vasa, mother of 10 children and lived
(1539-1610). |
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1599-1600 County Sheriff Sophie Pedersdatter Bille of the
County of Mariager, Denmark |
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Sophie Bille til
Svanholm was widow of Jakob Seefeld til Visborg, and lived
(1549-1608). |
Last update 23.01.13
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