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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN
POWER
1600-1640
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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Until 1600 Queen Nganja of Kalembe (Angola) |
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Kalembe was part of a large cluster of Ovimbundu States, founded a
various times from around 1600 - today the principality is situated on
the border to the Democratic Republic of Congo. |
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Around 1600 Queen Nana Ikuro of Nsuta (Ghana) |
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Followed by Nana Yita as head of the Akan speaking people, which is
closely related to the Asante (Ashanti) royal family. In 1701 it was
one of the founding states of the Asante Confederation. |
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Around 1600 Queen Nana Ankeyeo Nyame of Kokofu (Ghana) |
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Succeeded by Nana Aberewa Ampen as head of the Akan speaking people,
which was another of the founding states of the Asante Confederation. |
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Around 1600 Queen Nana Adifa of Juaben (Ghana) |
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Ruler of an Akan-speaking people, closely related to the Asante (Ahanti)
royal family, and alto took part in the founding, of the Asante
Confederation 100 years later. |
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Around 1600 Aru We Cella of Alitta (Indonesia) |
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Inherited the principality after
her father, Adatuang/Raja La Cellemata of Sawito, who
founded the Buginese principality in Southwest-Sulawesi. She was
succeeded by her son La Masora. She was married to the Adatuang of
Sidenreng (La Pancaitana). La Masora was in his turn succeeded by his
daughter We Tenrilekke, who married to the Aru of Rappang, La Tone(e). |
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Around 1600 Datuk Tosappae (Indonesia) |
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Reigned until the beginning of the 1600s. Married a distant relative,
and was succeeded by another distant relative Prince La Pancaitana. |
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Around 1600 Datuk We Passulle of Supa (Indonesia) |
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Ruled
in the beginning of the 1600s. She succeeded her father, La Pancaitana, married La Patiroi and was succeeded by her son La
Tenrisessi. |
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Around 1600 Military Leader Shen Yunying in China |
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Took over her father’s command when he was killed in battle. Later by
special decree she was made a second captain so that she could
legitimately succeed her father and command troops. Approximately 90
years later Chin Liang-Yu fought at her husband's side and after his
death continued to lead her army to many victories in a civil war. |
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1600-24 Regent The Dowager Begum of Maler (India) |
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After the death of her husband, Khan Sahib Fath Muhammad Khan, Rais of
Maler (1566-1600) she was regent for their son, Nawab Muhammad Bayazid
Khan Bahadur (1593-1600-59), who later changed the state's name to
Malerkolta. She was born in Rupar in Afghanistan. |
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1600-23
Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Duchess Erdmute von Brandenburg of the Administrative Office
of Stolp and the Office and Castle of Schmolsin (At the time
Germany, now Poland) |
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Her late husband, Johann Friedrich had become
Bishop of Cammin at the age of 14 in 1557 and held the office until
1674, was Duke of Pommern_Wolgast under the regency of his mother
from 1560, and in 1569, he and his brother's devided the Duchy of
Pommern among them, and he recieved Stettin. He died 1600). They did
not have any children, she lived (1561-1623). |
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1600-14 Princess-Abbess Ursula Giel von Gielsberg of Säckingen
(Germany) |
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One
of her relatives, Roman Giel von Gielsberg, was Prince-Abbot of
Kempten (1639-73). |
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1600-01 Acting County Sheriff Mette Gregersdatter Ulfstand of the County Sølvitsborg with the Shires of Medelsta, Vester or Bregne and Lister in Blekinge and the Counties of Högby and Vefre in Skåne (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden)
1601-02
Acting County Sheriff of the County of Lykå in Blekinge and Dragsmark Kloster in Norway
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Following the death of her husband, Knud Grubbe til Alslev
(1542-1600), Mette Ulfstand took over as County Sheriff - Lensmand, and acted as
the King of Denmark's representative in the fiefs also in the
landscapes of Blekinge and Skåne. 1620 she handed over Lykå to her
son-in-law, Siverd Grubbe. She lived (1554-1602). |
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16.... Queen Regnant Keakamahana of Hawai’i |
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19th Alii Aimoku of Hawai'i. Succeeded on the death of her father,
Keakealanikane. She married her Iwakakualii, son of Makakaualii. She
had issue, a daughter and was succeeded by her only daughter,
Keakealani who reigned until the year 1700. |
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16... Sultan Adji di Kurin-dana-Malaka of Berau (Borneo)
(Indonesia) |
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Succeeded father Adji di Kotoh, as ruler of the large sparely
inhabited area, located in the northwestern and quite isolated part
of the East Kalimantan province in Central Java. |
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16.... Princess Sinaitakala-'i-Langileka, Tu'i Tonga
Fefine, Tonga |
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Daughter of 'Uluakimata I Tele'a, Tu'i Tonga and Mata'ukipa,
Ma'itaki. She married Tapu'osi, from Fiji. Her son, Fonomanu,
married Princess 'Ekutingapipiki, Tu'i Tonga Fefine,
daughter of Fatafehi, Tu'i Tonga. Her daughter was the Tamaha
Princess Fonokimoana. In the Tongan system the Tui'i Tonga by his title and religious significance was considered the highest authority in the land, but he was by no means the person of highest rank. That honour belonged to his eldest sister, the Tu’i Tonga Fefine (Female King)
and her eldest daughter, the Tamaha (or sacred child). But although they held the highest rank they had no political authority, but were considered through their privileges of rank to be quite powerful. |
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16.... Princess Fonokimoana, Tamaha, Tonga |
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The daughter of the Tui'i Tonga Fefine, Sinaitakala-'i-Langileka, she held the title of Tamaha, and was considered the highest spiritual entity in the kingdom, and both her mother and grandfather paid homage to
her. |
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16... Princess 'Ekutingapipiki, Tu'i Tonga Fefine,
Tonga |
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She
was daughter of Fatafehi, Tu'i Tonga and Kaloafutonga, Ma'itaki and married Fonomanu, son of Tapu'osi, from Fiji, and Sinaitakala-'i-Langileka, Tu'i Tonga Fefine,
daughter of Uluakimata Tele'a, Tu'i Tonga and was mother of five
children. Her daughter, Princess Tu'imala, became the Tamaha. As Tu'i Tonga Fefine she held higher rank than her father, her mother or her brothers. She was considered to be abowe marriage, but could take lovers as
she wanted. |
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16.... Princess Tu'imala, Tamaha, Tonga |
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Daughter of Princess 'Ekutingapipiki, Tu'i Tonga
Fefine and married to Mataeletu'apiko, 3rd Tu'i
Kanokupolu. |
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16... Princess Sinaitakala-'i-Lotunofo, Tu'i Tonga
Fefine, Tonga |
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Daughter of 'Uluakimatata II, Tu'i Tonga and Toa, Ma'itaki.
Married to Tungimana'ia, 2nd Tu'i Ha'ateiho,
son of Fakatakatu'u, 1st Tu'i Ha'ateiho.
Mother of two daughters of whom the oldest became the Tamaha. |
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16.... Princess Simuoko, Tamaha, Tonga |
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Daughter of Princess Sinaitakala-'i-Lotunofo, Tu'i Tonga
Fefine. |
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16... Princess Sinaitakala-'i-Fanakavalilangi, Tu'i Tonga
Fefine, Tonga |
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Daughter of Fakana’ana’a, Tu'i Tonga and Tongotea, Moheofo.
Her son, Latunipulu'i-teafua, 2nd Tu'i Lakepa,
was first married to Princess Nanasipau'u, Tu'i Tonga
Fefine. |
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16... Princess Fonokimoana, Tamaha, Tonga |
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Daughter of Princess Sinaitakala-'i-Fanakavalilangi, Tu'i
Tonga Fefine. Her brother Fonomanu married Princess 'Ekutingapipiki,
Tu'i Tonga Fefine. It is not known when she held office, but it
must have been towards the end of the century. |
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1601-10 Princess-Abbess Maria von Sachsen-Weimar of Quedlinburg
(Germany) |
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The
31st Fürstäbtissin was daughter of Duke Johann Wilhelm and Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein Dorothea Susanna, she lived (1571-1610). |
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1601-04 Princess-Abbess Anne Marguerite de Namur of Nivelles,
Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles (Belgium) |
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She
was daughter of Philippe de Namur, Seigneur de Trivieres and
Jacqueline van Liedekerke. The paternal lordship was inherited by her
sister, Marie (d. 1603), who was married to Jacques de la Hamayde. |
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1601-04 Reigning Abbess-General María de Navarra y de la Cueva of
the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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The
abbess of the Abbey held quasi-episcopal powers. |
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1601-02 Acting County Sheriff Lisbeth Turesdatter Trolle of
the County of Dalby in Skåne (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) |
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Lisbeth Trolle acted after her
husband, Gabriel Sparre til Svanholm, had died. Owner of the Estate of
Knabstrup. (d. 1611). |
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1601-02 Acting County Sheriff Else Andersdatter Lindenov of the County of Dalum,
Denmark |
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Else Lindenov was widow of Absalon Gøye til Kærstrup. His name was also written as
Absolon Gøe or Absalonn Gøie. |
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1601-02 Acting County Sheriff Margrethe
Axelsdatter
Viffert of the County of Hanherred, Denmark |
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Margrethe Viffert til Gammel Wiffertsholm was in charge of the tenantcy after the death of her second husband, Jørgen Urne. She had first been married to Evald Sehested. After her death, her son
Axel Urne inherited the estate, but he sold it to his sister, Anne Jørgensdatter Urne epousé Seefeld in 1643. Margrethe lived (1562-1622). |
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1601-02 Joint Acting County Sheriff Agathe Jakobsdatter Seefeld of
the County of Bygholm, Denmark |
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Agathe Seefeld or
Sefeld took over the administration of the tenantcy after the death of her husband, Niels Skram til Urup
together with stepdaughter, Elsebe Skram til Urup. She secondly
married to Verner Parsberg
til Eskær og Lynderup and had two
children by him. She was
daughter of Jakob Enevoldsen Seefeld and Sophie Pederdatter Bille, and
lived (1579-?). |
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1601-02 Joint Acting County Sheriff Elsebe Nielsdatter Skram of the County of Bygholm, Denmark |
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Elsebe Skram acted together with her stepmother, Agate Seefeld. Inherited a number of
estates from her father, Niels Skram, who had first been married to
Kirsten Styggesdatter Rosenkrantz. She was married to Eske Bille til
Svanholm. |
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1602-11 Arumpone We Tenri Tuppu of Bone (Indonesia) |
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Succeeded cousin of grandfather La Patawang (1595-1602). Succeeded by
son La Tenriruwe. |
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1602-27 Sovereign Countess Magdalena von Neuenahr-Alpen of
Neuenahr und Limburg, Hereditary Marshall of the Diocese of
Köln, Lady of Alpen, Helpenstein and Linnep
1610-12 Regent of Bentheim-Steinfurt
(The Netherlands and Germany)
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Inherited Helpenstein, Linnep, Erbvogtei Köln, Alpen and Hackenbroich
from her brother, Anton, in 1589 and the following year she gave her
half-sister, Amalia, the right of use to the lordships. On the basis
of the inheritance-settlement (erbvertrag) from 1575 she inherited
Limburg after the death of Amalia in 1602. The Archbischopcy Köln had
occupied Limburg since 1584, but gave it back to her in 1610. She
installed her son Konrad Gumprecht as Commissioner and resigned
Limburg and Linnep in his favour in 1616. The territory of her husband
was also occupied by troops from Köln, and it was not until four years
after the death of her husband, Arnold III, that she was able to take
over the regency for her son, Konrad Gumprecht von Bentheim-Steinfurt
(1585-1618) After Konrad Gumprecht's death she installed his widow,
Johanette Elisabeth as regent in Limburg and transferred Linnep to her
as dowry. Magdalena was daughter of Gumbrecht II von Neuenahr-Alpen of
Limburg and Amöna von Dhaun, and remained influential to her death.
She lived
(1551-1627). |
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1602-05 Regent
Dowager Duchess Anna Maria von Anhalt-Dessau of Liegnitz and Brieg
(Legnica-Brzeg)
1602-05 Reigning Dowager Duchess in Ohlau (Oława) (At the
time Germany, now Poland) |
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Also known as Anna Maria Anhalcka. After the death of her husband, the
Slesian Duke Joachim Friederich von Liegnitz und Brieg, she governed
in the name of their son and at the same time she held Ohlau as her
dowry. She was daughter of Duke Joachim Ernest of Anhalt-Dessau and
Agnes von Barby, mother of 6 children, and lived (1561-1605). |
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1602-08 Sovereign Lady of the Realm Amalia von
Leiningen-Westerburg of Reipoltskirchen (Germany) |
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Born as Gräfin zu Falkenstein she inherited the Lordship after the
death of her relative, Count Johann III von Hohenfels-Reipoltskirchen.
According to her will the sons of her sister Sydonia zu Falkenstein;
Casimir and Steino von Löwenhaupt inherited the Lordship. Steino's
daughter married Elisabeth Amalia married Count Philipp von
Manderscheid and the family thereby inherited parts of the lordship.
Amalia lived
(1546-1608). |
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1602-55
Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Countess
Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstad
of the Lordship of Wehen
in Nassau-Weilburg (Germany) |
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The first years, she
resided at the Castle of Wehen together with her
mother-in-law, Anna von Nassau-Dillenburg, and
after her death in 1616, she took over the reign
of the lordship. She was widow of a younger son,
Count Johann Kasimir von Nassau-Gleiberg
(1593-1602), who died the year after their
marriage. Her only daughter, Anna Eleonore
was born 6 months after her father's death, and
later married
Duke Ludwig Friedrich of
Württemberg-Mömpelgard (1586-1631). Elisabeth
lived (1579-1655)
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1602 Acting County Sheriff Margrethe Munthe of the County of Sorø, Denmark |
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Acted after the death of her husband, Headmaster of Sorø Akademi, Hans Mikkelsen. |
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1602 Acting County Sheriff Anne Eriksdatter Kaas of Hindsgavl with Vendsherred |
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Anne Kaas was widow of Preben Bild til Aggersborg and Lindholm. |
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1602-11 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth I de Salm of Remiremont, Dame
of Saint Pierre and Metz (France)
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Resigned in favour of Catherine de
Lorraine ad recieved a large pension. She was daughter of Friedrich I
de Salm, Wild- und Rheingraf in Dhaun et Neuviller-sur-Moselle, of the
French branch of the family, and Franziska zu Salm. Around 1605 the
copper production in the mines at Thillot reached its maximum. She
lived (ca. 1570-1611). |
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1602-10 Princess-Abbess
Regina von Schrattenbach
of Göss bei Leoben (Austria) |
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Member of
a noble family in Niederösterreich. |
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Until 1602 Princess-Abbess Margaretha von Manderscheid
-Blankenheim-Gerolstein of Eltern and Vreden (Germany) |
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Her
sister, Elisabeth, was Fürstäbtissin of Essen (1575-78) until she
abdicated in order to marry Count Wirich von Daun-Falkenstein. They
were daughters of Count Arnold and Margaretha von Wied,
Fürstäbtissin Margaretha lived (1539-1602). |
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1602-45
Princess-Abbess Agnes Elisabeth von Limburg-Styrum und Bronckhorst
of Elten, Vreden, Freckenhorst and Borghorst (Germany)
1640 Hereditary Countess of Holstein-Schaumburg-Gemen |
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In 1619 she gave the Vredener Hungertuch (Cloth of Hunger) to the city
of Vreden, which depicts 11 passion-pictures and an inscription in
Latin stating: "Agnes, by the Grace of God, Abbess to Elten, Vreden,
Freckenhorst und Borghorst, Countess von Limburg und Bronckhorst, has
given this ornament in the honour of the sufferings of Christ..." In
1635 her sister's son; Jobst-Hermann von Holstein-Schaumburg-Gemen,
Count of
Bückeburg, died unmarried. He was first succeeded by
his cousin, Otto, but he died after four years, and she managed to
secure the inheritance of Gemen for herself against the claims of the
Holstein-Schaumburg-family, and then ceded the lordship to her nephew,
Count Hermann-Otto I von Limburg-Styrum.
She was daughter of Count Jobst von Limburg und Bronckhorst and Maria
von Schauenburg und Holstein-Pinneberg, and lived (1563-1645). |
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1603-11 Sovereign Lady
Isabella Appiano d'Aragona
of Elba and Piombino (Italy)
1611-24 Sovereign Princess of Piombino, Marchioness of Populonia,
Lady of Scarlino, Populonia, Vignale, Abbadia del Fango,
Suvereto, Buriano and the Islands of Elba, Montecristo, Pianosa,
Cerboli and Palmaionla |
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Succeeded her brother, Cosimo Jacopo VII, Lord and Prince of
Piombino, Margrave of Populonia, who died 1603, she was deposed by the
Spanish and in 1634 her grandson,
Niccolò Luduvici, son of her daughter,
Hereditary Princess Polissena (d. 1642), became Prince. She was daughter of Alessandro, Lord of Piombino and Isabel de Mendoza dei Conti
di Binasco (1577-1661), who had been regent 1590. Isabella first married Giorgio
de Mendoza, Count di Binasco, and secondly Paolo Giordano II Orsini, Duke of
Bracciano. She lived (1577-1661). |
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1603-05 Handan
Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Covering
Turkey, Greece, The Balcans, parts of the Middle East and Northern
Africa) |
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Her
full title was Daulatlu Ismatlu Hansam Validi Sultan 'Ahiyat
us-Shan Hazratlari, during the reign of her son Ahmed Khan I
(1613-17), but never attained the prominence and power of her
predecessors Nurbanu and Safie, because she has little influence on
her son, but in some aspects the Valide Sultan was still considered as
a joint-ruler with theoretical jurisdiction over the women in the
empire.
Handan lived (1576-1605). |
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1603-16
Acting County Sheriff Vibeke Arildsdatter Griis of the County of Sandby in Skåne Denmark (Now Sweden)
1608-40 County Sheriff of the County of Hörje in Skåne (At the time part of Denmark,
now Sweden) |
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Vibeke Griis
was widow of Peder Mund til Sandbygård, and held the fief of Hørjre for life
and was in the service of Queen Anna Cathrine of Denmark. Her
surname means "Pig". Skåne was conquered by Sweden in 1658.
She (d. ca. 1640). |
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1603-04 Acting County Sheriff Anne Mortensdatter Brok of the County of Onsø, Norway |
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Following her husband, Erik Mortensen (Mormand) til Bramsløkke, Anne Brok was the official local representative of the King of
Denmark-Norway. (d. after 1625). |
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1604-05 Acting County Sheriff Anne Eilersdatter Rønnow of
the County of Hagenskov with Bogherred and the County of Eskebjerg, Denmark
1604.... County Sheriff of the County of Strynø, Denmark |
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After the death of her husband, Erik Hardenberg (1529-1604), Anne
Rønnow was in charge of
the tenantcy until the accounts had been settled, and was also
appointed fief-holder in her own right. She
was known to suffer of periods of depressions and her daughter, Anne
Hardenberg, also suffered from mental ilnesses and conducted cases
against witches, and Mette Hardenberg, who was County Sheriff of
Bøvling Len from 1616 also had mental problems. 6 of their 9 children
died, including the 3 sons. She
lived (1541-1609). |
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1604-05 Acting County Sheriff Anne Iversdatter Lykke of the Counties of Lundegård and Jegindø,
Denmark |
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Anne Lykke took over the adminsitration of the fief after the death of her husband, Mourids
Hansen Stygge til Holbækgård. She lived (1554-1623). |
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Until 1604 Paramount Chiefess Fatima I of Bullom (Sierra Leone) |
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Followed her husband as ruler
of the area near the Atlantic Ocean. |
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From 1604 Paramount Chiefess Fatima II of Bullom (Sierra Leone) |
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Succeeded her sister-in-law. |
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1604-21
Sovereign Countess Elisabeth von Manderscheid-Schleiden of
Virneburg in the Eifel (Germany) |
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Her mother,
Magdalene von Nassau-Wiesbanden, had inherited the country from her
brother-in-law Dietrich IV von Manderscheid-Scheleiden-Virneburg in
1593.
Elisabeth took over the inheritance after her mother's death, and her
husband, Count Christoph Ludwig (1568-1618) assumed the name of
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg, and their descendants reigned as Counts
co-regnant of the immediate County of Wertheim. In 1613 the emperor
confirmed the title for her son, Count Friedrich-Ludwig zu
Löwenstein-Wertheim-Virneburg (1598-1657), who lost his entire estates
1622 for siding with the Elector Palatine, but was reinstated by the
Treaty of Westpahlia 1648.
Elisabeth lived
(1569-1621). |
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1604-21 Princess-Abbess Felicitas II von Eberstein of Herford
(Germany) |
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The
Countess had apparently been Abbess of Gerresheim until 1585, and in
1603 she is named as Koadjutorin of Herford. 1609 the War of
Succession for the territory of Jülich-Berg-Kleve-Ravensberg which
lasted until 1647 and layed great strains on the chapter. |
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1604-31 Princess-Abbess Anna von der Marck of Thorn (The
Netherlands) |
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Daughter of Johann II von der Marck and Margareta van Wassenaer, she
succeeded her sister, Josiana, as sovereign, and she managed to keep
the principality relatively unharmed in spite of the 30th year war.
Anna lived
(1551-1631). |
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Ca.
1604-23 Princess-Abbess Marguerite VI de
Haynin of Nivelles,
Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles (Belgium) |
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Took over as head of the chapter and ruler of the city from Anne-Marguerite van Namur, who died 1604. |
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1604-08
Reigning Abbess-General
Francisca de Villamízar Cabeza de Vac of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria
la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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Member of a family
of explorers of the new world and governors in South America. |
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Ca.
1604-1614 Countess Báthory Erszébet of Transylvania (Hungary) |
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Known as the Blood-Countess or The Vampire, she began killing young
virgins after her husband, Count Ferencz Nasdasdy, had died, because
she thought their blood would keep her young. She was member of one of
the oldest and wealthiest families in Transylvania, who counted - a
cardinal, princes, and a cousin who was Prime minister of Hungary. The
most famous Bathory was King Stephan of Poland. 1575-86. Her husband
spent a great deal of time away from home fighting, and while he was
away, and she surrounded herself with people claimed to be witches,
sorcerers, seers, wizards, alchemists, and others who practiced the
most depraved deeds in league with the Devil. Her deeds were
discovered and her castle was raided. Erzsébet was put under house
arrest. A trial was held in 1611, but she refused to plead guilty or
innocent and never appeared at the trial. A complete transcript of the
trial was made at the time and it survives today in Hungary. Johannes
Ujvary, major-domo, testified that about 37 unmarried girls has been
killed and Erzsébet's old nurse testified that about 40 girls had been
tortured and killed. Erzsébet was never convicted of any crime, but
the windows and doors of the bedchamber were walled up with only a
small hole through which food could be passed. King Mathias II
demanded the death penalty for her but because of her cousin, the
Prime minister, he agreed to an indefinitely delayed sentence, which
really meant solitary confinement for life. She was mother of three
daughters and a son, and lived (1560-1614). |
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1605 (†) Regent Dowager Tsarina Maria Grigorevna
Skuratova-Bel'skaya of Russia |
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Her
husband, Boris Godunov, had been the real power behind the throne
since the succession of his brother-in-law, Fedor II, who was mentally
deficient, and after his death in 1598 Boris was elected Tsar. It was
a period with widespread famine 16-03, and during the ensuing
discontent, a man emerged who claimed to be Dmitriy, Ivan IV's son who
had died in 1591. This pretender to the throne, who came to be known
as the first False Dmitriy, gained support in Poland and marched to
Moscow, gathering followers among the boyars and other elements as he
went. In 1605 Boris died and Maria became regent for her son, Tsar
Fedor II, who was murdered and Dmitriy was crowned tsar Maria was also
murdered. She lived (ca. 1560-1605). |
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1605 Regent Queen Christina von Holstein-Gottorp of Sweden
1611-22 Regent of Värmland and other Duchies
1611-25 Reigning Dowager Lady of Norrköping, Gotland, Öland, Ösel, Wolgast and the Pommerian lands, Poel and Neukloster in Mecklenburg (Sweden and Germany)
1612-25 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Estate and County of Veckholms and Tynnelsö, The City and Caste of Gävle and Gästrikland, Örbyhus with the Parishes of Tierps and Tolfta, the Shire of Vendel, the Parishes of Älvkarleby and Västlands and the Salmon Fishery of
Älvkarleby |
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First acted as regent during the absence of her husband, king Karl IX (1550-1611).
After his death her brother-in-law. Duke Johan av Östergötland became regent for her son Gustav Adolf, and she
instead took over the regency for her younger son Karl Filips in his
Dukedom until his death in 1622. She was daughter of Adolf of
Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp. (1573-1625). |
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1605-14 Regent Dowager Queen Ketevan of Kakheti and Kakhet
(The Kingdom of Georgia) |
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Both her father-in-law, King Alexander II of Kakhetia (1577 - 1605)
and her husband, Crown Prince David were assassinated by her
brother-in-law, Constantine the Accursed, who had adopted Islam, on
the instigation of Shah Abbas I of Persia. She took up arms against
Constantine, and together with a multitude of Persian warriors, he
suffered an ignominious death. Under her wise rule, peace and justice
settled in Kakhetia, and Shah Abbas I returned her son Teimuraz to
her. Later, making threats that he could decimate Georgia, Shah Abbas
forced the Kakhetian vassals to give up some important hostages, and
she volunteered to be one them. 2 of her grandsons were also held
hostage, they were castrated and tortured to death or insanity. She
spent ten years in her "honorary" imprisonment in Iran in the house of
Imam-Kuli-Khan Undiladze, a Georgian who had accepted Islam. Her body
became exhausted through fasting, prayer, and nights spent on cold
stone floors, but she remained vigorous and cheerful, taking care of
her small flock of about twenty Georgians. Finally, Shah Abbas decided
to force her to renounce Christ and accept Islam. He even offered her
to become a member his harem, but she refused and was tortured. She
became a saint and is known as Holy Great-martyr Ketevan. She was of
the royal house of Bagration, and (d. 1624). |
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1605-14 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth IX van Berge-s’Heerenberg of
Essen, Lady of Breisig, Huckard and Rellinghausen (Germany) |
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Her
election to the post of abbess took place under dubious circumstances.
At the time, the Chapter only consisted of three protestant Ladies of
the Chapter, and according to the regulations the abbess had to be
elected among the three. But the Archbishop of Köln gave dispensation
so that she could be elected. She was catholic and reintroduced
Catholicism to the Chapter. She was daughter of Count Willem van Berg-s’Heerenberg
and Maria van Oranje-Nassau, and lived (1581-1616). |
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1605-10 Princess-Abbess Veronica von Freyberg of Heggbach
(Germany) |
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1605 and 1606 heavy "Turk Taxes" were imposed on the territory, which
was also hit by the plague. The right of High Court was transferred
from the Chapter to the Paternal Abbey of Salem during her reign and
in 1610 the nuns and other inhabitants of the convent fled for the
plague to Biberach and Weitenau. She resigned because of bad health.
(d. 1613) |
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1605-16 Princess-Abbess Eva von Uhrhausen of Niedermünster in
Regensburg (Germany) |
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The
chapter was placed directly under the king as the other states in
Germany and it was granted royal protection and, immunity in 1002. In
1494 the Fürstäbtissin was granted a seat in the College of Swabian
Prelates who had a joint vote in the Ecclesiastical Bench in the
Council of Princes of the Diet of the Holy Roman Diet and in 1521 she
was mentioned as Imperial Prelate in an inventory of the Reichsstände
- the territories of the Realm. |
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1605-35 Joint County Sheriff Else Kristendatter Munk of
the County of Løndborg Bispegård, Denmark |
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Else Munk was given
the teantcy for life jointly with her husband, Kristoffer Gersdorf,
as security for lones. |
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1605-17 Joint Guardian Dowager Duchess Dorothea Maria von
Anhalt of Sachsen-Weimar und Jena (Germany) |
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After the death of her husband, Duke Johann, the Duchy and her sons
came under the guardianship of the unpopular Electors of
Sachsen-Albertine (Albertinischen Kurfürsten). She concentrated on the
education of her 8 surviving sons who shared and expanded the
inheritance: Duke Johann Ernst von Sachsen-Weimar (1594-1626),
Friederich (1596-1622), Duke Wilhelm von Sachsen-Weimar, zu Remda, in
Eisenach, Creuzburg, Gerstungen, Salzungen, Gotha, Heldburg, Eisfeld,
Weimar, Jena, Burgau, Berka, Buttsadt, Lobeda, Eisenach, Ilmenau,
Kaltennordheim, etc, (1598-1662), Duke Albrecht of Sachsen-Eisenach,
(1599-1644), Duke Ernst I the Pious von Sachsen-Gotha, in Tenneberg,
Waltershausen, Wachsenburg, Ichtershausen, Königsberg und Tonndorf,
Heldburg, Eisfeld und Salzungen, Frauenbreitungen und Wasungen,
Kranichfeld, Altenburg, Leuchtenburg, Orlamünde, Krainburg, Eisenberg,
Stadtroda, Ronneburg, Saalfeld, Grafenthal, Probstzella, Coburg,
Sonneberg, Haldburghausen, Themar, Untermassfeld, Meiningen, Behringen
und Römhild (1601-75), Friedrich Wilhelm, (1603-19) and Bernhard
(1604-39), who became Duke of Franken in 1633, and the posthumously
born daughter, Johanna (1606-09). Dorothea Maria lived (1574-1617). |
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1606 De-Facto Ruler Zarina Marina Mniszech of Russia (18.-25.
May) |
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In 1605
the 'False Dmitri I', Russian pretender, married her, in a failed
attempt to establish a firm foothold in Moscow. She was the first
crowned Zarina in Russian history, but the fact that she was catholic
and her husband's favoritism toward Poland aroused the opposition of
the boyars, led by Prince Vasily Shuiski. Dmitri was killed, and
Shuiski was crowned czar as Vasily IV. In 1607 another Dmitri
appeared. Aided by the Poles after Marina identified him as her
husband, he marched on Moscow and had some success, but in 1610 he was
killed. She even produced an heir, Ivan Dmitrievich. Then she was
married to ataman Ivan Zarudzki. After 1610 she fought for Russian
throne. She was probably killed in Russian jail, was daughter of Jerzy Mniszech, Voivode of Sandomierz in Poland. lived (around
1588-1614). |
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1606-08 Hereditary/Sovereign Countess Anna Elisabeth von Sayn of Sayn-Sayn
(Germany) |
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Heiress
to her uncle, Count Heinrich IV. von Sayn,
Lord Herr zu Homburg, Montclair und Meinsberg (1539-1606), who was
the last Count von Sayn-Sayn of the male line of Sayn-Sponheim. He
inherited the county jointly with her father, Hermann after death of
their uncle Sebastian II, and after her father's death in 1588, he
reunited the County. In 1605 he transferred the government to her
husband,
who asumed the title of Count Wilhelm III von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Sayn,
because of ilness, and had him make a guarantee that he would
support the Lutheran confession, but he soon replaced the Lutheran
priests with Reformed.
After her death, the county
was in dispute and some territories were occupied by foreign powers.
Wilhelm was succeeded by their oldest son, Ernst in 1626.
She
lived (1572-1608). |
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1606-39 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Countess Palatine
Dorothea Maria von Württemberg of Hilpoltstein in Pfalz-Neuburg
(Germany) |
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As
the Protestant line of Duchy of Duchy of Pfalz-Neuburg place their
"surplus sons" in the Church, they began to secure them an income
through small parts of lands, which they held for life and reverted to
the Duchy of Pfalz-Neuburg. She was widow of Duke Otto Heinrich II von
Pfalz-Neuburg of Hilpoltstein, Heideck, Allersberg and Sulzbach.
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1606-31 Politically Influential Queen Konstancja Austriaczka of
Poland |
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Archduchess Konstanze von Habsburg was the second wife of king Zygmunt
III Waza (1566-87-1632), and very political influential during his
reign. She was a daughter of Archduke Karl von Habsburg of Austria,
and lived (1588–1631). |
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1606-07 Acting County Sheriff Adel Hansdatter of the County of Sorø,
Denmark |
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After the death of her husband, Anders Kristensen, Headmaster of Sorø Akademi, she took over the
administration of the fief. |
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1607-09 Sultan Kuda Kala Kamanafa’anu, Sultana of Land and
Sea, Lady of the Thousand Islands and Sultans of the Maldive
Islands |
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In
spite of the fact that the island was Islamic, the rulers continued to
use ancient Sanskrit titles alongside their Islamic styles until the
middle of the twentieth century. The sultanate was attacked by the
Portuguese in the fifteenth century but regained its independence in
1573. They also fell prey to the marauding raids of the Ali Rajas of
Cannanore, who frequently kidnapped princes and influential nobles and
carried them off to the Laccadives. Although close trading relations
were established with the Dutch in Sri Lanka, the Maldives remained
aloof from the Western powers for another two centuries. She was never
secure as ruler due to a long civil war. She died at sea or on
Mahibadu Island, Ari Atol, while on pilgrimage to give alms. |
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1607-27 Panembahan Putri Bunku of Sukudana (Indonesia) |
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Succeeded husband, Panembahan Giri Kusuma. She was the daughter of
Ratu Prabu of Landak, who was ruler, and was succeeded by her son,
Sultan Muhammad Safiuddin (Giri Mustaka). |
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Before 1607 Ruler Malangkanae of Rapang (Indonesia) |
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Took over the reign after the death of her husband, La Pasampo, and succeeded by their son, La
Pakolongi, who ruled for sure in 1607, and was succeeded by daughter. |
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After 1607 Ruler We Dangkau of Rapang (Indonesia) |
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Succeeded mother and married to a relative, La Patiroi |
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1607-08 Acting County Sheriff Maren Jensdatter Juel of Visborg in the County Gotland (At the time part of Denmark, now Sweden) | |