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Worldwide
Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN
POWER
1670-1700
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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1670-91 Regent Dowager Princess Anna Eleonore von
Stolberg-Wernigerode of Anhalt-Köthen (Germany) |
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Her husband, Emanuel (1631-50-70), died after
only 7 months of marriage, and she
became joint regent with Johan Georg II von Anhalt-Dessau, for her posthumously
born son, Emmanuel Albrecht (1671-1704), and got Imperial
confirmation as regent in 1671. She lived (1651-91). |
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1670-85 Reigning Dowager Lady Queen Dowager Sophie Amalie zu
Braunschweig-Lüneburg of Denmark of Lolland-Falster and the County of Hørsholm, Denmark |
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Recieved the fief in 1660 as security for loans to her husband, Frederik 3, and she also administered the estates of Ibsholm and
Dronninggaard. She was quite influential during the reign of her
husband from 1648. She was mother of among others, Prince Jørgen
(George) the husband of Queen Anne of England and Scotland.
Sophie
Amalie lived (1628-85). |
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1670-75 Princess-Abbess Maria Bernarda Östringer of
Heggbach (Germany) |
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Continued the building and renovation works of her predecessor, but
marked by illness during the whole of her short reign.
She lived
(1650-75). |
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1670-1704 Reigning Abbess Gabrielle de Rochechouart de
Mortemart of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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Marie-Madeleine-Gabrielle was the sister of the Marquise de Montespan,
she is said to have translated all the works of Plato from the Latin
version of Ficino. The children of the highest nobility frequented the
abbey school, and her successors were entrusted with the education of
the daughters of Louis XV. |
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1670/71
Abbess Nullius
Faustina Sforza
of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
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In the alternative list of Abbesses she is listed as ruler 1663-70, 1675 and
1683. |
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1670-73 Politically Active Queen Eleonora Maria Josefa
von Habsburg of Poland
1690-97 Politically Active Dowager Duchess of Lorraine (France) |
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Politically active during reign of her first husband, king Michał
Korybut Wiśniowieckiof Poland, and in 1673 she prevented the civil war
in Poland. After the death of her second husband, Karl IV Leopold, she
tried to fulfil the last wishes of her husband by putting all her
energy into the return of Lorraine to her children. At the German
Reichstag in Regensburg she presented an offer for the restoration of
Lorraine and established the rights of her eldest son, Leopold Joseph.
In 1697 at the Treaty of Rijswijk she achieved her aims, but died only
a few weeks after. Mother of 5 children with second husband, and lived
(1653-97). |
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1671-96 Rani Regnant Chennamma of Keladi (or Bednur) (India)
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Also known as Chennammaji, she succeeded her
husband Somashekara Nayak I at a very young age but managed to
take over the throne in spite of scheming councillors and external
dangers. Apparently she was skilled with the sword as well. Several
ministers and the commander-in-chief plotted to take away power from
her but she successfully circumvented them. A member of the royal
family who felt he should have succeeded to the crown made alliance
with the Wodeyer ruler of Mysore, but the she defeated him in battle
and forced a treaty on Mysore. Taking advantage of the situation the
chieftains of Sodi, Sirsi and Vanavasi declared war but they too were
crushed. Other leaders in the kingdom also revolted but she banished
them. Rajaram, son of Chatrapati Shivaji came to Chennamna while
fleeing from Aurangazeb. She granted him safe passage. This led to a
war between Keladi and the Mughal empire. Though the resources of the
Mughals were gigantic compared with the small state of Keladi, the
latter's strategy was superior. They destroyed a major part of the
Mughal army led by Aurangazeb's son, captured several Mughal captains,
and booty. Ultimately a treaty was signed. She was succeeded by
adopted son, Asavappa Nayakka I. |
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1671-ca. 73 In Charge of the Government Dowager Duchess
Dorothea Auguste von Holstein-Gottorp of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Plön (Denmark and Germany)
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Her
son, Hans Adolf von Holsten-Pløn (1634-71-1704) participated in various wars in the
service of the German Emperor, and left the government in her hand and
then in the hand of her daughter-in-law, Dorothea Sophia von
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel. Dorothea Auguste was widow of Joachim Ernst
of Plön, the areas of Kenfeld and Ahrensbök, during whose reign the
armies of Wallenstein went through the Duchy in 1627, the Swedes
looted in 1643 and the Danish-Swedish war 1657-60 devastated the
state. She lived (1602-82). |
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1671-98 Sovereign Marchioness Henriëtte Francisca zu
Hohenzollern-Hechingen of Bergen op Zoom, Countess of Walhain (The
Netherlands) |
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One
year after the death of her mother, Maria Elisabeth II van der Bergh
s'-Heerenberg, she was given the Marchionate as a fief, but was not
inaugurated until 1781. She married Frédéric Maurice de La Tour, Comte
d'Auvergne et d'Oliergues, and had nine children. During the war
between the United Republic of the Netherlands and France, Bergen op
Zoom was given two times to the King-Stadholder Willem IIII (1672-78
and 1788-97). She was succeeded son, Francois Egon. Also known as
Franziska Henriette, she lived (1642-98). |
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Ca.
1671-76 Squaw Sachem
Awashonks of Sakonnet in Rhode Island (United States of America) |
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Also known as Awashunckes, she was a Sachem or Suncksqua of
very high standing and a major player in events leading up to the
native King Philip's (Metacomet's) War (1675-76). Repeatedly, we hear
of her negotiating war and peace at the council fire, backed by her
war leaders, most of who were her sons and she was among those signing
the "submission" after the Native American army was defeated. She was
contemporary with three other women sachems of the period Weetamoo and
Potok Magnus and an unnamed woman leader from Concord in
Massachusetts. |
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1671-75
Abbess Nullius
Maria Acquavia d'Aragona
of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
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Member of the family that ruled Conversano and a number of other
territories in Italy. |
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1671-85 Politically Influential Duchess Louise Renée de
Kéroualle of Portsmouth in England (United Kingdom) |
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French mistress of Charles II of England. She exerted a powerful
influence over the king in favour of France until his death in 1685.
She was made Duchess of Portsmouth and d'Aubigny in 1673 and was the
mother by the king, of Charles Lennox, duke of Richmond. Many English
hated her as a French-Catholic menace; she stayed mostly in France
after 1685, and lived (1649–1734). |
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1672-75 Regent
Dowager Duchess Louise von Anhalt-Dessau of Liegnitz and Brieg in
Slesia (Schlesien-Liegnitz-Brieg) (Poland)
1672-80 Reigning Dowager Duchess in Ohlau and Wołów (Oława)
(Poland) |
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Also known as Ludwika Anhalcka. After the death of her husband,
Christian of Wołów (1664-72), who inherited Legnica and Brzeg from his
older brothers, she became regent for their son, Jerzy Wilhelm von
Schlesien-Brieg-Liegnitz and Wohlau (1660-75), who was declared of age
by the emperor against her protests, but he died soon after, and with
him the Piast line of the Dukes of Legnica, Brzeg and Wołów died out.
In his will he asked Emperor Leopold I to allow the inhabitants of his
lands the freedom of confession. She built the grave chapel of the
line of the Princely family in the Choir of the Church of St.
Johannes.
She was daughter of Duke Johan Kasimir von Anhalt-Dessau and Agnethe
von Hessen-Kassel, and
lived (1631-80). |
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1672-74, 1679-82 and 1699-1707 Sovereign Princess Marie de
Orléans-Longueville of Neuchâtel and Valangin (Switzerland) |
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The
daughter of Henri II d'Orléans, Duke de Longueville, and his first
wife, Louise de Bourbon-Soissons, Marie lost her mother at age 12, and
in 1642 came under the authority of her stepmother, the celebrated
intriguer of the Fronde, Anne-Geneviève de Bourbon-Condé. Raised in a
strict, studious atmosphere, Marie came to have little in common with
her scandalous stepmother and eventually fled to Dieppe and then to
Flanders in 1651 upon the renewed outbreak of the wars of the Fronde.
For a time she was considered a possible bride for the Duke of York
and even for Charles II of England, who had asked her hand. In 1657
she married Henri II, Duke de Nemours, a near invalid, who died two
years later, leaving her childless. The rest of her life was spent in
a cruel, arduous legal battle with her stepmother's relatives, trying
to establish her own inheritance. In 1698 she lost her case as far as
the French property was concerned, but she did establish her right to
the sovereign principality of Neufchatel the following year. In her
Memoirs she dealt with the Fronde, writing with sympathy toward her
father and with particular hatred for her stepmother and other Condés.
She lived (1625-1707). |
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1672-93 Princess-Abbess Maria Cleopha Schenkin von Castell of
Säckingen (Germany)
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Had to flee for the rench troops during the Dutch Wwar in 1678. Säckingen was looted and
a large part of the city burned down, including the church. Ten years
later the territory was again attacked during the War of the Palatine
(Pfälzischen Krieg) and she moved her residence to Etzgen. She was an
able financial administrator and defended the seignorial rights of
the chapter in Hornussen and Stein in Switzerland and ended disputes
with the Lord of Grandmont over the rights within the Lordship of
Laufenburg. Daughter of Ulrich Christoph Schenk von Castell and
Maria Cleophe von Wolfurt. Various male members of her family were Prince-Bishops of Eichstätt.
She lived (1639-93). |
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1672-88 Princess-Abbess Barbara II Sauther of Baindt (Germany) |
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As
Princess of The Empire (Fürstäbtissin or Reichsäbtissin), she sat on
the Ecclesiastical Bank in the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. From
1663 the Diet sat indefinitely and became known as the Everlasting
Diet (Immerwährender Reichstag). From now on emperor was represented
by a prince of the empire as his commissioner; a jurist was appointed
as Subcommissioner; and the elector of Mainz, Archchancellor of the
empire, had charge of the business of the meetings of the Diet. This
assembly of representatives without legislative power disappeared when
the realm collapsed under Napoleon's attack in 1806. |
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1672-88 Reigning Abbess Catherine II de
Bernemiscourt of Bourbourg,
Lady of Oxelaere,
Noordpeene, Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
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Since the chapter was under the direct protection of the Pope, he or
his personal representative was the only one who could conduct
visitations to the chapter (control visits). |
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1672
Reigning Lady Regina Katharina
von Galler von Purgstall
of Riegersburg in der Steiermark (Austria) |
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The daughter of Katharina
Elisabeth Wechsler, Lady of Riegersburg 1648-72, and Lord Hans Wilhelm
von Galler. She married
Johann Ernst Graf von Purgstall, and
the Lordship remained in the possession of this family until 1817,
when the possessions was divided among 17 persons.
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1672-75 Hereditary Duchess Elisabeth Sophia von Sachsen-Altenburg
of Altenburg
(Germany)
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In
1672 her unmarried cousin Duke Friedrich Wilhelm III, died, and she
inherited Altenburg against the claims of Friederich Wilhelm's sister
Johanna Magdalena- and her husband, Duke Ernst I of Sachsen-Gotha
(1601-75) added Altenburg to his title. He was already in charge of Tenneberg,
Waltershausen, Wachsenburg, Ichtershausen, Königsberg, Tonndorf,
Heldburg, Eisfeld, Salzungen, Frauenbreitungen, Wasungen, Kranichfeld,
and from 1672 also of Leuchtenburg, Orlamünde, Krainburg, Eisenberg,
Stadtroda, Ronneburg, Saalfeld, Grafenthal, Probstzella, Coburg,
Sonneberg, Haldburghausen, Themar, Untermassfeld, Meiningen, Behringen
and Römhild. When he died in 1675, their oldest son Friedrich I became
Duke of Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg etc. Elisabeth Sofie had already
inherited the Saxon claim to Jerusalem when her father, Johann Philipp,
died in 1629. She was mother of 18 children, and lived (1619-80).
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1673-83 Sovereign Countess Katharina Agathe von
Rappoltstein of
Rappoltstein and Hohenach, Lady zu Geroldseck am Wasichin (Germany) |
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Oldest daughter of Johann Jacob (1598-1673), and through an old
Imperial privilege it was possible for women to inherit the title.
She was married to Christian II, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, Duke von der
Pfalz-Birkenfeld und Bischweiler and was succeeded by their oldest
son, Christian III. The descendants of her aunt, Anna Elisabeth von
Rappoltstein, the Princess of Waldeck-Pyrmont later assumed the title
of Count of Rappoltstein, but never perused their claim. Catharina
Agathe lived (1648-83). |
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1673 Regent
Duchess Isabelle
Angélique de Montmorency of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Germany) |
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Appointed by her husband,
Christian Ludwig I, during his absence in the war against the Netherlands.
They had married in 1664 but she had remained in
France
where she was deeply involved in the political affairs, but her
pro-French and her relationship with
Kammerjunker Bernstorff and she soon returned to France.
She had been married to the Hugenot
Gaspard IV. de Coligny, Duke de Châtillon, who was killed in a duel after a few
years. Her posthumously born son,
Gaspard, died in 1657. During the Fronde
she supported the Prince de Condé, who was finally defeated by
Cardinal Mazarin, which ended the independent position of the
nobility. King Louis XIV considered her as expert in German Affairs
and sent her at a diplomatic mission to
Braunschweig where she managed to recruit Hannover
as French allied. She was daughter of François III de Montmorency-Boutteville, Comte de Luxé and Elisabeth
Angélique de Vienne and lived (1627-95).
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1673-1702 In Charge of the Government Duchess Dorothea Sophia
zu Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of Schleswig-Holstein-Sønderborg-Plön
1704-06 Member of the Guardian
Government
1704-22 Titular Duchess of Reinfeld and Reigning Dowager
Lady of the Castle and Administrative Office
(Germany)
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After her marriage to Hans Adolf, Of the Grace of God, Heir of Norway,
Duke to Schleswig-Holstein (1634-71-1704), who participated in various
wars in the service of the German Emperor and spend very little time
in Plön, she took over the government from her mother-in-law Dorothea
Auguste von Holstein-Gottorp. After his death she became member of the
guardian government for her grandson,
Leopold August, who died after 2
years at the age of 4. She was
given the title
of titular duchess and Castle of Reinfeld as her dowry.
She lived
(1653-1722). |
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1674-79 Sovereign Princess Anne Genevieve de Bourbon-Condé of
Neuchâtel (Switzerland) |
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Born in the prison of Vincennes, into which her father Henri de
Bourbon, Prince de Condé, and mother Charlotte Marguerite de
Montmorency, had been thrown for opposition to Marshal D'Ancre, the
favourite of the Regent, Marie de' Medici. In 1642 she was married to
the Duc de Longueville, governor of Normandy, a widower twice her age.
After Richelieu's death her father became chief of the council of
regency during the minority of Louis XIV. She became of political
importance in 1646 when her husband was the chief envoy during the
drafting of the Treaty of Westphalia, where she was addressed as the "
goddess of peace and concord." She maintained a long liaison with the
duc de La Rochefoucauld and joined him as a leader of the Fronde. A
determined enemy of Cardinal Mazarin, she obtained the assistance of
her brother Armand de Bourbon, prince de Conti, during the first
Fronde, and that of the Vicomte de Turenne and her brother, the Great
Condé, The king pardoned her and she became the great protectress of
the Jansenists. As her health failed she hardly ever left the convent
of the Carmelites in which she had been educated. On her death in 1679
her brother buried her with great splendour, and her heart, as she had
directed, was sent to the nuns of the Port Royal des Champs.
She lived (1619-79). |
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1674-89 Acting Patroon Maria van Cortland van Rensselaer of the
Patroonship of Rensselaerswijk in New Amsterdam (USA) |
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After the death of her husband, Jeremias van Rensselaer, who was the
Third Director, Fourth Patroon, and Second Lord of the Manor of
Rensselaerwyck, she acted stand-in for son. The Dutch colonized the
area, which later became New York after it was sold to the British.
She was daughter of Oloff Stevensen Van Cortlandt, a wealthy Manhattan
merchant, and Anna Lookerman, mother of 6 children, and lived
(1645-89). |
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1674-98 Reigning
Dowager Lady Dowager Duchess Maria Dorothea Sophie von
Oettingen-Oettingen of Nürtingen and Kirchheim in
Württemberg-Stuttgart
(Germany) |
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After the death of her husband, Eberhard III (1617-74), she took over
her dowry and resided there until her death.
After Kirchheim burned down in 1690 she moved
to Nürtingen and lead the reconstruction of the city. She was
his second wife, and had no children. She lived (1636-98). |
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1674-95 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Countess Johanna Dorothea von
Anhalt-Dessau of Gronau in
Bentheim-Tecklenburg (Germany) |
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Widow of Moritz zu Bentheim-Tecklenburg
(1615-74), and she lived (1612-95). |
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1674-96 Politically Influential Queen Maria Kazimiera d'Arquien
of Poland |
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Also known as Marysieńka, she was very political influential during
the reign of her husband, king Jan III Sobieski (1629-74-96). Since
1699 she lived in Rome and from 1714 in France. She lived
(1641–1716). |
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1674-93 Political Advisor
Katarzyna Sobieska in Poland |
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During the reign of her brother, King of
Poland Jan III Sobieski, she was politically influential. First
married to Władysław Dominik Zasławski and secondly to Michał
Kazimierz Radziwiłł on June 13, 1658.
She lived
(1634-1694). |
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1675-77 H.H. Paduka Sri Sultana Naqiat ud-din Nur ul-'Alam
Shah, Sultana of Aceh Dar us-Salam (Indonesia) |
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Granddaughter of Sultan 'Ali Mughayat II Ri'ayat Shah, who ruled
1604-07, and married Laksamana 'Abdu'r Rahman bin Zainal Abidin,
Orang Kaya Kaya Maharaja Lela Melayu, son of Zainal Abidin bin
Daim Mansur, Tengku of Ribee. Perhaps mother of Sultan 'Ala ud-din
Ahmad Shah Johan Badr Berdaulat, but she was succeeded by Sultana
Zaqiyat. Her Throne-name Naqiat ud-din Nur ul-'Alam Shah means
Light of the world, Purity of the Faith.
(d. 1677). |
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1675-96 Sovereign Duchess Elisabeth d'Orléans of Alençon and
Angoulême (France) |
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Daughter of Gaston, Duc d'Orléans, son of king Henri IV of France and
Marie de Bourbon. She was half sister of
Anne Marie, duchesse de Montpensier and
full sister of Anne, Duchess of Montpensier, Marguerite Louise,
married to Cosimo III of Toscana, and Françoise Madeleine, wife
of Charles Emmanuel II, duke of Savoia. She was married to Louis
Joseph, duke of Guise (1650–1675), but since their only son died as a
child, the duchy reverted to the crown at her death. She
lived (1646-1696). |
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1675-88 Sovereign Duchess Marie de Lorraine of Guise et de
Joyeuse, Princess de Joinville (France) |
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She was daughter of Henriette-Catherine, Princesse de Joyeuse (1585-1608-56),
and succeeded a
grandnephew. In 1686 she left Guise and Joinville to Charles de
Stainville, Comte de Couvonges, with a remainder to the younger sons
of the duke of Lorraine’s younger sons and their heirs male. She also
left Joyeuse by an act of 1688 to Charles Francois de Lorraine, prince
de Commercy. The Parlement de Paris voided the donation of 1686 in
1689, and Anna Henrietta Julia of Bavaria, second daughter of the
prince Palatine, distant cousin of the deceased, inherited Guise and
Joinville. Marie de Lorraine lived (1615-1688). |
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1675-1704
Sovereign Duchess Marie Madeleine Thérèse de Vignerot of Aiguillon,
Demoiselle d'Agénois et Baronne de Saujon (France) |
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Succeeded aunt, Marie-Madeleine Vignerot. She became a nun, and at her
death her nephew Louis-Armand, marquis De Richelieu, inherited the
title. Marie-Thérèse lived (1635-1705). |
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1675-98 Sovereign Duchess Marie-Anne de Bourbon of Vallière
(France) |
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Her
mother, Louise-Françoise de La Baume Le Blanc, resigned in her favour.
In 1698 she gave the duchy to her cousin, Charles-François de La Baume
Le Blanc. She had no children in her marriage with Prince Louis-Armand
I de Bourbon-Conti, prince de la Roche-sur-Yon (1661-85). Also known
as Marie-Anne de Blois, she was daughter of King Louis XIV, and lived
(1666-1739). |
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1675-87 Regent and Guardian Dowager Countess Maria Anna
Theresia von Haslang of Breitenegg (Germany) |
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In charge of the government in the Tillyschen Reichsgrafschaft (Tillyian
Imperial Immediate County) during the minority of her son, Ferdinand Lorenz Franz
Xaver, Reichsgraf von Tilly und Breitenegg (d. 1724), who was
succeeded by his daughter, Maria Anna Katharina Theresia Reichsgräfin
von Tilly. The County of the Realm had received a seat and vote in the
Imperial Diet in 1654. |
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1675-78 Joint Gardian
Dowager Countess Christiane Elisabeth von Sayn-Wittgenstein of
Nassau-Weilburg (Germany) |
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When her husband, Friedrich von Nassau-Weilburg (1640-75), died after
a fall from a horse, her sons, Johann Ernst and Friedrich Ludwig
(1665-84), were placed under guardianship with her and Johann von
Nassau-Idstein and after his death in 1679 Johann Ludwig von
Nassau-Ottweiler, and her sons lived with him in Ottweiler until
they came of age. She lived (1646-78). |
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1675-87 Princess-Abbess Maria Cäcilia I Vöhlerin
of Heggbach (Germany) |
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In
1686 she changed the common sleeping hall for the ladies of the
chapter with cells for each one of them. During her reign the bad
harvests returned (in 1682 and 1685), but she started a number of
commercial activities and opened a mill and a saw. Another version of
her surname was Vöhlin, and she was born Freifrau von Frickenhausen,
Illertiseen und Neuburg. |
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1675-93 Princess-Abbess Maria Theresia von Muggenthal of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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Member of the noble family of Counts of the Realm (Reichsgrafen)
von Muggenthal in Bavaria. |
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1675-1708
Princess-Abbess Maria Franziska I von Manderscheid of Elten,
Abbess
of Vreden
(Germany) |
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After she had her election approved, she had her right to appoint and
dismiss the clerics of the territory confirmed by the Pope, and she
managed to curb the attempts by her General Vicar, who was her
assistant in her exercise of her quasi episcopal authority, to
become her superior. She founded convents and schools in the
Catholic enclave partly on German, partly on Dutch ground. And in
1700 she issued a law which clearly divided the secular and clerical
courts. |
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1675-95
Abbess Nullius
Guiseppina Cedrella
of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano (Italy) |
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Alternative reign 1679-80. |
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Ca.
1676-ca. 1711 Sultan Alimah II of Nzwani, Comoro Islands |
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Arabic-style sultanates developed in Nzwani as early as the sixteenth
century with different areas of the island first ruled by chiefs known
as Fani. Later, the chiefs were involved in conflicts and appealed to
Europeans to intercede on their behalf. Eventually, in 1886, the
island became a French protectorate and was formally annexed by France
to its possessions in 1909. |
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1676-1715 Sovereign Countess Magdalena Christina von
Manderscheid-Blankenheim
of Sayn-Hachenburg (Germany) |
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Succeeded brother, who had succeeded their mother, Countess Ernestine
von Sayn, who was co-ruler of the county. She was married to Burgrave
Georg Ludvig von Kirchberg and in 1799 the counties were inherited by
Burgravine Luise of Kirchenberg, Countess of Sayn-Hardenburg and Lady
of Farnrode and trough her, by the Dukes of Nassau-Weilburg - the
present ruling family of Luxembourg. She lived (1658-1715). |
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1676-88 Regent Dowager Duchess Ilona Zrinyi of Munkacs
(Hungary) |
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After the death of her first husband, Francis I Rakoczy (Rákóczi
Ferenc), and mother-in law, Sophia Báthory, she inherited the immense
property of the family. She married Imre Tököly and helped her husband
with organising the "kuruc" uprising. After her husband had been
defeated she defended fortress Munkach against the Habsburgs. In 1688
she was forced to give up. She was kept imprisoned in a cloister in
Vienna. Later her husband changed her for Habsburg emperor's officers.
She followed her husband to his political exile. Her first husband had
been designated as successor of his father, George I of Transylvania
in 1652 by the Diet, but he was never recognized. The city of Munkacs
is situated in Transcarpathian Ruthenia (Zakarpatskaya Oblast) and its
population was a mixture of Hungarian-, Slovak-, Ukrainian-, Ruthenian-,
and German-speaking elements; it also boasted one of the most
culturally significant Jewish communities in Eastern Europe. She died
in Nikodemia, and lived (1645-1703) |
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1676-1702 Reigning Dowager Duchess Eleonora Charlotte zu
Württemberg-Mömpelgard
of
Twardogóra in Oleśnica (Poland) |
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In Polish she is known as Elonora Karolina, and she held the territory after her marriage to her father's cousin, Prince
Sylvius Friederich zu Württemberg-Oels or
Sylwiusz Fryderyk of
Oleśnica (1651-97)) as her dorwy. Its German name was Festenburg.
Her husband was son of Duke Sylvius Nimrod von
Württemberg-Juliusburg, and Elisabeth Marie von Münsterberg-Öls and she was daughter of Duke Georg II von Württemberg-Mömpelgard and Anne de Coligny (1624-80), did not have any children, and
(1656-1743). |
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1676-88
County Sheriff Anne Ottesdatter von Blome
of the Counties of
Riberhus and Møgeltønderhus,
Denmark
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1648 Anne von Blome married Hans Schack, who
had been a soldier in Danish, German and French armies. They then
lived at his estates Gültzow and Rosenthal in Sachsen-Lauenborg before her husband was
appointed Commander of Hamburg. He became Lieutenant General and
County Sheriff of Riberhus and Møgeltønderhus, (now Schackenborg Slot)
in 1658 and he played a crucial role in the Danish-Swedish war as
Governor of Copenhagen which was put under siege and he was one of the
most important commanders during the war. 1660 he became supreme
commander and continued to hold even higher offices until he was
appointed Count in 1671, 5 years before his death. She was daughter of
Otto Blome zu Kaltenhof, mother of several sons, and
lived (1632-1688). |
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1676-89 Princess-Abbess Maria Rosina Brümsi von Herblingen of
Lindau (Germany)
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The
Abbess of Lindau became Princess of the Empire with the title of
Princess-Abbess (Reichsäbtissin to Lindau) in the 15th Century. |
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1677-84 Regent Sri Rani Aswathi Thriunal Umayamma Rani of
Travancore (India) |
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As
the senior Princess of the Royal House, she was already Rani of
Attingal, which was given to her as her personal appanage, when she
succeeded on the death of Raja Aditya Varma after defeating a rival
contender to the throne, Nedumangattu Kerala Varma in battle. Around
this time, the British first came to Kerala. In 1684, she facilitated
the construction of god owns for the British near Attingal. She
adopted Kottayam Kerala Varma, who became a famous personality.
Unfortunately, his popularity came at the cost of making powerful
enemies, who had him assassinated on his return from an audience with
the Queen. She was mother of six sons, five of them drowned at Manakad
while bathing. After the death of her last son, Raja Ravi Vama, Raja,
she adopted an entire family from the House of Kolatbunad, the Koil
Tampurans of Kilimanur - three men and three women.
Ummayamma Rani (d. 1684/90). |
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1677-93 Co-Regent Dowager Duchess Magdalene Sibylle von Hessen-Darmstadt
of Württemberg (Germany)
1677-1712 Reigning Dowager Lady of Leonberg |
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Following the death of her husband, Duke Wilhelm Ludwig, she reigned
in the name of their son Eberhard Ludwig (1676-77-1733) together with
some co-regents, among other her brother-in-law, Friedrich-Karl. She
formed a form of alternative government against the administrator; she
initiated intrigues and changed side as she saw her own advantages.
When Friederich-Karl was captured by the French, Emperor Leopold
outmanoeuvred her by declaring her son of prematurely of age. She held
the Castle and Landscape of Leonberg as her dowry. The daughter of the
Landgrave of Hessen-Darmstadt, she grew up in Sweden, and lived
(1652-1712). |
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Around 1677 Queen of Wayonaoake in Virginia (USA)
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Mentioned as one of the signateurs of the treaty between the Indian
tribes and the British colonisers. |
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1677-81 Regent Dowager Duchess Eleonore Clara von
Hohenlohe-Gleichen of Nassau-Saarbrücken (Germany) |
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After
her husband, Gustav Adolf von Nassau-Saarbrücken, fell in battle at
Kochersberg, she was regent for son, Ludwig Kraft von
Nassau-Saarbrücken (1663-77-1713). During her reign, she abolished the
serfdom in the county in a proclamation with the titulature: "Wir
Eleonore Clara, Verwittibte Gräfin und Vormünderin zu Nassau
Saarbrücken und Saarwehrden, Frau zu Lahr und Wiesbaden und Jdstein,
geb. Gräfin von Hohenlohe u. Gleichen, Frau zu Laneenburg u.
Granichfeld.
She lived
(1632-1709). |
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1677-1700 Burgravine Amalia von Dohna-Vianen, Sovereign Lady
and Heiress of Vianen and Ameiden, Hereditary Burgravine
of Utrecht (The Netherlands) |
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The
"Souveräne Frau und Erbin von Vianden und Erbburggräfin von Uetrecht" was
daughter of Christian Albrecht (1621-77) and Sophie Theodore von
Brederode. Succeeded her father all of her 5 brothers and 2 sisters predeceased her.
She was married to Count Simon Heinrich zur Lippe-Detmold (1649-99),
mother of 16 children and lived (1644-1700). |
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1677-1723 Territorial Princess Giovanna II Aragona Pignatelli
Cortes of Castelvetrano, Princess of the Holy Roman Empire,
Machioness of Avola, Duchess of Terranova and Countess
of Borghetto, etc. (Italy)
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Daughter of Andrea Fabrizio (?-1677) Duke of Monteleone. Married to
Ettore Pignatelli, Marquis del Vaglio. Succeeded by son Prince Diego,
Marquis of Valle Oaxaca later Duke of Terranova and Monteleone. She
and her husband acquired extensive feudal properties in Southern
Italy, in central and western Sicily, in Spain and Mexico.
She lived
(1666-1723). |
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1677-99 Countess Sophie Amalie Moth of the County of Samsøe
(Denmark) |
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Official Maitresse of King Christian V, and appointed "Lensgrevinde
til Samsø til Gevskabet Samsøe", and her children with the king were
given the surname of Gyldenløve and they became the ancestors of the
Danneskiold-Samsøe counts.
She lived
(1754-99). |
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1677-1701 Princess-Abbess Maria Eva Schenkin von Castell of
Schänis (Switzerland) |
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Reached a compromise with
the parish of Benken in the dispute over the right to appoint the
local priest (Kollaturstreit. Her
Cousin, Countess Maria Cleopha, was Princess-Abbess of Säckingen (1672-93).
The daughter of Johann Erhard Schenk von
Castell, Chief Steward of Delsberg and Maria Elisbeth von Rotberg,
she lived (1640-1701). |
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1678-88 H.H.
Paduka Sri Sultana Zaqiyat ud-din 'Inayat Shah binti al-Marhum Raja
Mahmud Shah, Sultana of Aceh Dar us-Salam (Indonesia) |
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The
mercantile oligarchs elected her as successor to sultana Naqiat - the
second female ruler of the state. The rule of women was not simply a
weak version of male monarchy; it also partook of some of the attributes
that women were expected to show in Southeast Asian societies. Women
were entrusted with the handling of money, the buying and selling of
goods, the promotion of the family as a business and the making of
deals. Sultan Zaqiyat was daughter of Raja Mahmud Shah bin Raja Sulaiman
Shahand and married to a great-grandson of Sultan Mukmin, who reigned
1579. Succeeded by her sister-in-law, Sultana Zinat.
(d. 1688). |
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1678 Sovereign Duchess Isabella I Gonzaga of Gaustalla
(Italy)
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When she married
Ferdinando Carlo IV
Gonzaga, Duke of Mantova in 1670, they were promised the succession to
the Duchy after her father, Ferrante III, but when he died in 1678,
the Duchy was placed under administration and in 1692, Emperor
Leopold declared the arrangement illegitimate and granted the feud to her
father's cousin, Vincenzo I Gonzaga, who married her younger sister Maria-Vittoria
(1659-1707) in 1679. Anna Isabella had no children, and lived
(1655-1703). |
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1678-88 Regent Dowager Landgravine Elisabeth Dorothea von
Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg of Hessen-Darmstadt (Germany)
1688-1709 Reigning Dowager Lady of the Castle and
Administrative Unit of Butzback |
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Took over as regent for son, Ernst Ludwig (1667-78-1739) after the
death of her stepson Ludwig V, who died 18 weeks and 4 days after
succeeding her husband, Ludwig IV (1630-61-78). The Imperial Court (Reichskammergericht)
demanded that she should reign jointly with a College of Councillors,
but she prevented that they could take their oath and they therefore
remained subordinate "advisors" to her. During her term in office she
only called the Estates (Landtag) 2 times. She worked hard on
consolidating the economic and industrial situation of the Landgrave
and after she took over the government in her dowry, she advised her
son to do the same, but he refused her interference. She also promoted
music and culture, and lived (1640-1709). |
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1678-93 Regent Countess Dowager Ernestine Barbara Dorothea
Sibylle zu Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rochefort of Salm-Reifferscheid-Bedbur
(Germany) |
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After the death of her husband, Altgraf Erich
Adolf, she was in
charge of the government in the name of her son Altgraf Franz Wilhelm
I von Salm Reifferscheid zu Bedbur (1672-78-1734).
She lived
(1654-98). |
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1678-98 Guardian Dowager Countess Anna
Dorothea von Ruppa of Reuss zu Untergreiz (Germany) |
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After the death of her
husband, Heinrich IV, she was guardian for son, Heinrich XIII
(1672-1733), who was under the regency of a male relative.
She
lived (1651-98). |
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1678-81 Princess-Abbess Christine Sofie zu
Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel of Gandersheim (Germany) |
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Resigned in order to marry
her cousin Duke August Wilhelm of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1662-1731),
who did not have any children with his two next wifes Sophie Amalie
von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf (1670–1710) and Elisabeth Sophie
Marie von Schleswig-Holstein-Norburg (1683–1767) as he preferred men. She was
daughter of Duke Rudolf August of Christiane Elisabeth, Gräfin von
Barby, and lived (1654-95). |
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1679-96 Feudal Marchioness Beatrice Acquaviva d'Aragona of Sant
Emiliano, Melpignano Botrugno, Trepuzzi and Vaste (Italy) |
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Daughter of Francesco, she died without heirs, and the Marchese di
Trepuzzi don Geronimo Acquaviva inherited the feudal lands. |
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1680-83 Queen of Lai Kha (Myanmar-Burma) |
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Succeeded her husband, King Saw ne Ya, who reigned the Shan Kingdom
(1650-80). |
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Ca.
1680-ca. 85 Sultan Nur al-Azam of Sulu (Philippines) |
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Also known as Pangian Ampay II, she was originally named Siti Cabil or
Sittie Kabira, and chosen as the successor by her maternal
grandfather, Sultan Muawil Wasit. Not much is known about her reign,
Kabira’s name remains in an extended prayer for the Prophets and their
descendants and followers in a traditional mosque in Maimbung. Her
name is included in the Dalrymple's list of sultans but is not
included in the Sulu genealogy, probably because she was a woman.
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1680-1701 Regent Dowager Countess Charlotte Amélie de la
Trémoïlle of Aldenburg and the Barony of Kniphausen (Germany)
1680-1732 Lady of Doorwerth (The Netherlands) |
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After her father, Henri Charles, Duke de La Tremoille, demanded that
they converted to Catholism, she fled together with her mother, Emilie
von Hessen-Kassel. She ended up in Denmark, where her cousin,
Charlotte-Amalie, was married to King Christian V. Here she
married Count Anton I von Aldenburg und Kniphausen, the illegitimate
son of Count Anton Günther von Oldenburg-Delmenhorst and Elisabeth von
Ungnad, who had been created Reichsgraf. He had six daughters by his
first wife, Auguste Johanna von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein
(1638-66). When he died after five months of marriage, she became
regent for her unborn child. Her son, Anton II, was born at 26th of
June 1681, and was Baron of the semi-independent Reichsfreie
Herrlichkeit Kniphausen until his death in 1738, when he was succeeded
by his daughter, Charlotte-Sophie von Aldenburg. After he came of age,
she spent the rest of her life in the castle of Doorwerth in the
Netherlands, and lived (1652-1732). |
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1680 Governor Lady Elizabeth de Carteret of Alderney (A Dependency
of the English Crown) | |