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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN
IN POWER
1200-1250
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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Around 1200-09 Hereditary Lady Bertha von Vohburg of Greiz, Hof,
Regnitztal, Ronnenburg and Plauen (Austria) |
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Daughter and heir of the Margrave of Vohburg.
Married Heinrich II der Reiche von Reuss Steward of Weida and Gera.
Mother of Heinrich III and Heinrich IV. |
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Before 1200 Queen Arjayadengjayaketana of Bali (Indonesia) |
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Joint ruler with King Haji Ekajayalancana. The first centuries AD
until the year o 1500, constituted the Hindu influence period. With
the coming of Indian influences. In running the government, the
monarch was assisted by a Central Advisory Board. In the oldest
charter 882 AD - 914 AD, the board was called panglapuan. The Board
members comprised several commanders', Senapatis and Siwa and Buddhist
priests. |
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1200-05 Sovereign Countess Palatine Jeanne of Bourgogne
(France) |
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Daughter of Otto I and Marguerite de Champagne, Comtesse
Palatine de Bourgogne (1200-1205) and succeeded by sister Beatrix II
(1192-1231). She lived (1191-1205). |
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1200-31 Sovereign Countess Beatrix II of Franche-Comté (France)
1205-31 Countess Palatine de Bourgogne |
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Succeeded father, Otto I in Franche-Comté and sister in Bourgogne, and
reigned jointly with husband Duke Otto II de Meran (1208-34), who was
succeeded by their son, Otto III de Meran and Franche-Comté and in
1248 by daughter, Alix. She
lived (1192-1231). |
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1200-after 45 Dame Beatrix de Courtenay of Toron and Cabor,
Titular Countess of Edessa (Israel) |
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Oldest daughter of Joscelin II and Agnes de Milly, she first married
Guillaume de Lusignan, Wilhelm de Lusignan, Seigneur de Valence (d.
ca. 1206) and Otto II. Graf von Henneberg and mother of two sons by
the last son.
(d. after 1245). |
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1200-08 Regent Burgavine Petronella van Kortrijk of Gent
(Belgium) |
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Her
husband Zeger II was a templar from 1200 and in 1202 he died, and she
continued as regent for their son Zeger III (1190-1227). She remained
influential after her son took over the government and for example
donated some lands to an abbey in 1214. When signing documents she
used the titulature of Burgravine van Gent and Kortrÿk. |
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Around 1200 Administrator Urodati Vennele Settikavve of
Satenahalli in Karnataka (India) |
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Also security officer, and stopped loot and rampage in her
territory in Karnataka by punishing the ruffians and supporting the
ethos of traders. She also arranged seminars on religion (dharma-prasanga). |
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1200-20 De-facto Co-Ruler
Terken Khatun of
Khwarezmian Empire (Iran) |
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After the death of her partner,
'Ala' al-Din Tekish
(1172-1200), she so dominated the court of their son, 'Ala' al-Din Muhammad II
(1200-20) and quarreled so bitterly with his heir by another
wife, Jalal al-Din, that she may have contributed to the impotence of the
Khwarazmshahi kingdom in the face of the Mongol onslaught. She had a separate
Divan and separate palace and the orders of the sultan were not considered to be effective without
her signature. The Shah ruled the heterogeneou peoples
without mercy. In face of Mongol attacks, Khwarazm empire, with a combined
army of 400.000, simply collapsed. Harezmshah
Muhammed had retreated to Samarkand towards the end of his domination and he
had to leave the capital city of Gurgenç to her. |
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Around 1200 Army Commander Queen Umadevi of Hoysala (India) |
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Led two campaigns against recalcitrant vassals during the reign of her
husband, king Viraballala II of Karnataka (1173-1220). |
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12... Regent Dowager Princess Alagai Bäki of the Ordos Mongols
in Gansu and Shaanxi (China)
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She
was widow of Boyaoche and daughter of Djingis Khan. The tribe was also
known as Öngüt in Chihua Cheng. |
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1201-30 Sovereign Dame Ermessenda de Castellbò i Caboët of
Andorra
1226-30 Sovereign Viscountess of Castellbò-Cerdagne (Spain) |
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Inherited Andorra from her mother Arnalda de Carboet (1164-1201) and
Castellbò by father Arnaud de Castellbò-Cerdagne (1155-1226). She and
married to Roger Bernard II of Foix (1195-1241) in 1208, and trough
their descendants Andorra was inherited by the houses of Foix, Bearn
and Navarra and France. She lived (1185-1230). |
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1201-22 Regent Dowager Countess Blanca de Navarra of Champagne
(France)
Until 1229 Regent of Navarra (Spain) |
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Also known as Blanche de Navarre, she was pregnant when her husband
Theobald III died, and she became regent for her posthumously born son
Theobald IV (1201-53). Her regency was plagued by a number of
difficulties. Her brother-in-law, count Henry II had left behind a
great deal of debt, which was far from paid off when Theobald III
died. Further, their son Theobald's legitimacy was not unquestioned,
and his right to the succession was challenged by Henry's daughter
Philippa and her husband, Erard I of Brienne, count of Ramerupt and
one of the more powerful Champagne nobles. The conflict broke into
open warfare in 1215, and was not resolved until after Theobald came
of age in 1222. At that time Theobald and Blanca bought out their
rights for a substantial monetary payment. Her brother Sancho VII of
Navarre was the last male-line descendant of the first dynasty of
kings of Navarre, the Pamplona dynasty, and was childless and when he
went into retirement ("el Encerrado") she took administration of the
kingdom, though he remained king until her son succeeded him in 1234.
She was the youngest daughter of Sancho VI of Navarre (who died 1194)
and Sancha of Castile. She lived (1170's-1229). |
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1201 Pretender Philippine de Champagne-Jerusalem of Champagne
(France) |
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Younger daughter of Henri de Champagne and Queen Isabella I of
Jerusalem, she claimed the county of Champagne after the death of her
cousin, Thibaud, jointly with her older sister, Queen Alice of
Jerusalem, and the fights over the inheritance lasted about a quarter
of a century. Some of the nobles and prelates supported Philippa and
her sister; others supported Queen Blanca of Castilla and her son. In
1221 both sisters seceded their claims in exchange of a large payment.
But in 1227 they made a new attempt and new fights erupted. But in
1234 the inheritance was finally settled, the sisters were granted a
large sum of money and Alice had the treaty confirmed by her son,
Henri of Cyprus and her daughters Maria and Isabella. Philippa was
married to Sire Erard III de Brienne, mother of seven children, and
lived (ca. 1195- 1250). |
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1202-04 Regent Countess Marie de Champagne of Flanders and Hainault (Belgium) |
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In charge of the government during husband, Count Baudouin IX's participation in the 5th crusade. He later became Emperor of Constantinople. She travelled to Jerusalem and died shortly after her arrival after
having given birth to her second daughter, the later Marguerite II. Her husband died in 1205 and was succeeded by daughter Jeanne. |
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1202/03-18 Judicissa Elena of Gallura in Sardinia (Italy) |
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When her father, Barisone II, died left her and the giudicato under the protection of Pope Innocent III, who asked Biagio, Archbishop of Torres to assure a smooth succession in Gallura, which meant arranging a marriage for the young
woman. In July 1204, the Pope wrote to her commending her for abiding by papal advice and admonishing her mother, Riccus, Archbishop of Cagliari, and the people of Gallura to follow the decision of Biagio. The bishop of Cività, the Gallurese capital, was sent to Rome to receive papal
instruction concerning the marriage prospects. Gugliermo of Cagliari had already intervened to remove a suitor, and did so again in 1206. Later that year she was informed that she would be marrying Trasimondo, a cousin of the Pope, but she refused and instead married a Pisan named Lamberto Visconti di
Eldizio. After her death, her husband was engaged to Benedetta of Cagliari. Her son Ubaldo II Visconti later succeeded, who was married to Judicissa Adelaisa of Logudoro. (d. ca. 1218). |
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1202-ca. 44 Sovereign Countess Isabelle Taillefer of Angoulême
(France) |
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Daughter of Adémer III Taillefer, who was pretender to the county
(1181-1202) against his sister, Countess Mahaut. After his death she
claimed the title, 6 years before Mahaut died. First married to King
John without Land of England 1216, who died when she was visiting
Queen Blance in Paris. After having returned to England she gave birth
to a daughter. After the coronation of her 8-year-old son, Henry, she
was asked by the Barons to leave England and she returned to her own
lands. Here she arranged for her daughter to marry Hugues X de
Lusignan, Count de La Marche, to whom she was engaged before her
marriage to John, but married him herself in 1218. She was very
powerful in both counties. Both her second husband and her son, Henry
III, were engaged in fights against the French king in 1242. The
following year she divided her possessions among those of her 13
children who had survived infancy, and joined the convent Fontrevault.
After her death her husband joined one of the crusades and died in the
Holy Land in 1249. She lived (1186-1246). |
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1202-after 05 Regent Countess Alice of Angoulême (France) |
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Widow of the pretender, Adémer Taillefer to the county, she was regent
for daughter, Isabelle. |
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1202-ca. 06 Regent Dowager Countess Oda von Berg-Altna
of Tecklenburg (Germany) |
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Ruled in the name of son Otto I von Tecklenburg after the death of her
husband, Count Simon. Otto was succeeded by daughter, Helwig. |
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1203-28 Claimant to the Duchy Eléonore of Bretagne (France)
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After her brother, Arthur I (1186-1201-03) was assassinated by their
uncle, John without Land of England, claimed the duchy but was
imprisoned by John and placed in a Abbey in England. (d. 1244) |
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1203-21 Sovereign Duchess Alix de Thouars
of Bretagne (France) |
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Inherited Brittany after her half-brother Arthur was assassinated. She
was daughter of Duchess Constance and her father, Gui de Thouars, who
was duke-regent during her minority until 1213. Her husband, Pierre I
de Dreux, Count of Penthièvre and Richmond was Duke by the right of
his wife until 1221 and after her death during the minority of their
son, Jean I until 1237.
(d. 1221). |
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1203-28 Sovereign Countess Beatrice de Thiers of
Chalons-sur-Saône and Beaune (France)
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Succeeded father Guillaume VI and Married Etienne III de Bourgogne
(1170-1240). After her death in 1228, the county was inherited by son,
Jean I (1190-1266). |
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1203-08 Sovereign Countess Ada of Holland and Zeeland (The
Netherlands) |
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Only daughter of Dirk VII of Holland, who installed her as heir in
1203. Her
mother, Aleid von Kleve (d. 1238), married her off to
Lodewijk II
van Loon even before her father was burried. But within a short time,
support was mounting for Dirk’s brother, Willem, who took the title of
Count. Ada was taken prisoner by the English king and after 4 years
she was released after an agreement that made her husband Count of
Holland and her uncle Count of Zeeland. 2007 she was finally released
from England. When her husband died in 1208 her uncle took over the
reign and in 1213 he was officially granted the County by Emperor Otto
IV. She had no
children, and lived (ca. 1189-ca.
1223). |
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1203-24 Princess-Abbess Sophia von Brehna of Quedlinburg
(Germany) |
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Daughter of Margrave Friedrich and Hedwig and lived (1182-1226). |
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1204-05 Nominal Regent Dowager Queen Constance de
Aragón of Hungary
1212-20 Regent of Sicilia
(Italy) |
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After the death of her first husband, King Imre
of Hungary, she was regent for their son,
Laszlo III, but they were held prisoners by her
brother-in-law, Andras, but they managed to escape to Austria, where
her son died in May 1205 after 3 months on the throne. She returned
to Aragon, but soon after married
Federico I Hohenstaufen
di Sicilia
(1194-1250), the son of Holy Roman Emperor Heinrich IV, who
succeeded his mother, Constanza, as king of Sicily, and who became
king of Germany 1212. She held the reins when he moved to Germany
and was confronted the
revolts of the Saracens (Moors). Together with her son, Heinrich,
she visited Friederich in Germany in
1216. When he became Holy Roman Emperor in 1220 (as Friederich II),
she joined him in Germany. After her death, her husband married
Queen Yolande de
Brienne of Jerusalem and then Elizabeth of
England.
Her son, Heinrich died before his father, and since both his sons
had already died, Friederich was succeeded by his son by Yolande,
Conradin. Constance lived (1179-1222). |
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1204-ca. 05 Regent Dowager Countess Mathilda of
Portugal of Flanders (The Netherlands) |
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Very influential during the reign of her husband Filips (d. 1191)
and her sister-in-law Marguerite and again during the reign of her son,
BoudewijnIX of Constantinople, and regent during his
participation in the 5th Crusade. Born as Mafalda, she was daughter of
King Sancho I (1154-85-1211) and Dulce of Aragón. |
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1204-13 Sovereign Lady Marie
de Guilhem of Montpellier (France) |
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When
her mother, Eudokia Komnen, a Byzantine Empress married her father,
Guillaume VIII de Montpellier it was a condition that the
firstborn child, boy or girl, would succeed to the lordship of Montpellier on
his death. She was married to Barral de Marseille in 1192 or shortly before, but was widowed
in that year. Her second marriage, in 1197, was to Bernard IV of Comminges,
and her father now insisted on her giving up her right to inherit Montpellier.
She had two daughters by her second husband, Mathilde and Petronille. The marriage was,
however, notoriously polygamous as he had two other living wives. The marriage
was annulled and she was once more heir to Montpellier. Her father had
died in 1202 and her half-brother, Guillaume, had taken control of the city, but
she asserted her right
to it. On 15 June 1204 she married Pedro II pf Aragpm and was recognised as
Lady of Montpellier and their son, Juan, was born
on 1 February 1208. Her husband immediately attempted to divorce her, hoping both to
marry Maria of Montferrat, Queen of Jerusalem, and to claim Montpellier for
himself. Her last years were spent in combating these political and
matrimonial manoeuvres. Pope Innocent III finally decided in her favour,
refusing to permit the divorce. Both spouces died in 1213 and their son
inherited Aragon and Montpellier. She lived (1182-1213). |
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1205-44 Sovereign Countess Jeanne de Constantinople of
Flanders, Hainault and Namur (Belgium and France) |
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Also known as Johanna, she was the oldest daughter of Emperor
BoudewijnIX of Constantinople. After the death of her parents she, and her
sister, Marguerite, were raised by king Philippe Auguste of France and
was married off to Ferrand of Portugal, who participated in the
coalition against the king, and held as prisoner 1214-26. During this
difficult period, she was advised by her mother-in-law and managed to
secure her inheritance faced with the opposition of the nobility and
cities. After she managed to obtain the liberation of her husband in
1226, she lived a couple of years in relative tranquillity and founded
numerous charitable and religious institutions. After Ferrand's death
in 1233, she married Thomas de Savoie. Her only daughter, Marie, died
as an as an infant and she was succeeded by sister, Marguerite, and
lived (1188/1200-44). |
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1205-13 Queen Maria I de Monferrato of Jerusalem (Israel) |
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Alternative versions of her name is
Maria La Marquise or Maria of Monferrato, she succeeded
to throne of Jerusalem aged 13. The regent was John of Ibelin, Lord of
Beirut (her mother Isabella's half-brother). When Maria came of age at
the age of 17 in 1208, she assumed the throne in her own right. The
nobles of Outremer decided though that she was rather young and a man
should rule the Jerusalem and so the search went out for a suitable
husband for this young woman. In 1210 she married Jean de Brienne.
Maria gave birth to a daughter, Isabella/Yolanda in 1212 and died
shortly after and her husband, Jean de Brienne, became regent for
their daughter until 1225. She lived (1192-1212). |
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From 1205 Regent Princess Burgundia of Cyprus |
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After the death of her father, Amalric I of Cyprus-Jerusalem she was
held the regency together with husband Gautier de
Montfaucon-Montbeliard, during the minority of her brother, Hugh or
Hugo, who came of age in 1205. Their half-sister, Maria, became Queen
of Jerusalem after the realm was divided. Burgundia or Bourgogne lived
(Ca. 1176-after 1205) |
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1205-12 Sovereign Countess Elisabeth de Luxembourg of Saint-Pôl
(France) |
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Daughter of Hugues IV Camp d'Avesnes (d. 1205), and married
Gaucher III, seigneur de Châtillon, de Troissy, de Montjay, de Crécy
and de Pierrefons (d. 1219). Succeeded by son, Gui I, who married
Agnès, Countess of Nevers and Auxerre.
She lived
(1179-1263). |
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1205-30 Reigning Abbess-General Sancha García
of the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos
(Spain)
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The
"Monastieum Cisterciense" records the stern inhibition that Innocent
III, in 1220, placed upon Cistercian Abbesses of Burgos and Palencia
in Spain, "who blessed their religious, heard the confession of their
sins, and when reading the Gospel, presumed publicly to preach." |
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1205-07 Countess-Abbess Richenza von Büren of Gernrode
(Germany) |
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Also known as Rikinza. Around 1200 the community drew up a
manuscript listing all its rights of ownership, dependencies, and
holdings. According to this manuscript 24 entire villages, 21
churches, and nearly 400 hides of land belonged to the communities of
Gernrode and Frose. Although the manuscript is a forgery (it purports
to be a document issued by Margrave Gero in 964), it was accepted and
strengthened by Pope Innocent III and was accepted as the truth
thereafter. |
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Ca.
1205-ca. 10 Dame Abbesse Haduidis II of Remiremont (France) |
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The
noble ladies of the chapter were member of the noble families of
Lorraine, Franché-Comte and Germany and many of them did not take up
permanent residence in the city, but lived of the income they derived
from the territory. |
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1207-57 Sovereign Countess Mahaut I de Courtenay of
Nevers, d'Auxerre and Tonnerre (France) |
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Also known as Mathilde, she was daughter of Comtesse Agnès and Pierre
de Courtenay Count of Namur 1212, Emperor of Constantinople 1217, she
married Hervé IV de Donzy, Seigneur de Donzy and Guy IV, Count de
Forez. She liberated the serfs and was known as a very able
administrator of her fiefs. |
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1207-21 Countess-Abbess Adelheid II von Büren of Gernrode and
Frose (Germany) |
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At
the height of their wealth, the communities of Frose and Gernrode held
approximately 11.000 hectares, comprising woodland, vineyards,
fishponds, and grazing. A dispute with the stewards of the chapter was
settled by the Bishop Freiderich von Halberstadt in 1220. She (d.
1221) |
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1207-08
Reigning Abbess Marie I de Champagne (de
Bourgogne) of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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The
prosperity of the abbey continued under her reign, but by the end of
the twelfth century, owing to the state of the country and the English
wars, the nuns were reduced to gaining their livelihood by manual
work. The situation was aggravated by internal dissensions, which
lasted a hundred years. |
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1208-09
Reigning Abbess Ala/Alix de Bourbon
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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The
chapter was founded in 1101, and was unique in the way that the
community was placed directly under the Pope and the King of France. A
Prior under the control of the Abbess commanded the monks in the
dabble-convent. |
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1208/1214
Sovereign
Baroness
Eudocia Angelos of Argos and Naupila (Greece)
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Succeeded by Theodore Angelos-Comnenos. They were members of the
Byzantine Imperial Dynasty of Angelos. |
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1208-14 Regent Dowager Countess Elvira of Urgell (Spain) |
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Reigned in the name of her daughter. Aurembaix, jointly with Pedro I
el Catolico of Aragon. |
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1208-19 and 1228-31 Sovereign Countess Aurembiaix de Castellbò
i Caboët of Urgell (Spain) |
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Also known as Ermessende or Ermessanda, she was daughter of Ermengol
VIII (1184-1208/9). She was deposed in 1214 by Guerau I de Urgell.
1228 Aurembiaix began her second reign, from 1229 together with
husband Pierre I de Bourgogne. She had no children and the country was
incorporated in Cataluña-Aragón. |
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1208-20 Princess Ahmadilidyn of the Ahmadil Dynasty in Maragha
(Iran) |
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In
1029 the City of Maragheh on the southern slopes of Mount Sahand in
North Western Iran (East Azerbaijan Province) was seized by the Oghuz
Turks, but a Kurdish chief who established a local dynasty drove them
out. The Mongols destroyed the city in 1221, but Hulagu Khan held
court there until the establishment of a fixed capital at Tabriz.
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From 1209 Sovereign Countess
Gersende I d'Urgel
of Forcalquier (France) |
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Succeeded her father, Guillaume IV d'Urgel and married to Reiner de Sabran, seigneur de Caylar, and succeeded by daughter
at a not known date. |
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1209-19 Regent Dowager Countess Gersende de Sabran of
Provence (France)
Until 1242
Sovereign Countess
of Forcalquier (Gersende II) |
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The widow of
Alphonse II, comte de Provence,
she
was regent for Ramón Berenguer IV together with King Pedro of Aragón
(1209-13), Count Sancho de Bouillon (1213-16) and Nuño Sánchez. At a
not known date, she succeeded her mother,
Gersende I, as Countess of Forcalquier. She lived (1180-1242). |
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1209-18
Reigning Abbess Alix de Champagne of
the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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Apparently daughter of Count Henri I de Champagne et de Brie and Marie
of France, the daughter of King Louis VII of France. |
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1210's-1221 Reigning Lala Khatun of Bamiyan (Afghanistan) |
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Today Bamiyan is a town in North-central Afghanistan's
Hazarijat province. It is an ancient caravan centre on the route
across the Hindu Kush between India and Central Asia, but was sacked
by Genghis Khan in 1221 and never regained its former prominence.
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121?-18 Ruler Salbak Turhan of Uiguristan (Kazakstan) |
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The
Qara-Khitai Empire with Samarkand as its capital covering present
day's Mongolia, Northern-China, Kyrgyzstan and other Central Asian
Territories. In 1210 the Qara-Khitai Empire lost Transoxiana to the
Khwarazim Shahdom, previously a vassal. The empire ended in 1218, when
it was annexed by the Mongol Empire of Chingiz Khan.
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Ca.
1211-31 Reigning Abbess Marguerite I of Remiremont (France) |
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The chapter was the most illustrious monastery in whole of Europe. It was
founded ca 620 and transferred to its present location in 818. The act of 1070
whereby the abbey became directly dependent of the emperor is probably a
falsification - it was probably much earlier that this statute was achieved.
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1211/12-25
Hereditary Countess Gertrud von Egisheim-Dagsburg of Egisheim,
Dagsburg, Metz and Moha (Germany) |
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Only daughter
and sole heiress of Count Albrecht II von Egisheim-Dagsburg and
Gertrud von Baden.
After the death of her first husband, Theobald I of Upper-Lorraine in
1220, she married the son of Countess Blance de Champagne -the later
Count Theobald IV - and after their divorce in 1222 she married Count
Simon of Saarbrücken-Leiningen, Count of Dagsburg, who inherited her
fiefs after her death in 1225. She had no children and lived
(1205-25). |
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1212-28 Queen Isabella II de Brienne of Jerusalem (Israel) |
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Also known as Yolande, she succeeded her mother, Queen Maria La
Marquise (1205-12), though her father, and Jean de Brienne (1210-25)
continued to rule as regent. On the way to Italy to marry Emperor
Friedrich II Hohenstaufen in 1225 she made a stop in Cyprus to se
her aunt, Queen-regent Alice. She ruled jointly with husband,
Friedrich Barbarossa of Germany, son of Queen Constanza of Sicilia,
whose first wife, Constance of Aragon, had been regent of Sicily
1212-20. Isabella
died six days after giving birth to a son, Conradin.
In
1244 the Osman Turks conquered the state, and the capital of the
Kingdom moved to Acre. She lived (1212-28). |
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1212-17 Sovereign Margravine Yolanda de Flanders of Namur
(Belgium)
1216-19 Empress of Constantinople |
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Also known as Violante or Jolanta. After her brother, Emperor Henri's
death in June 1216 the Barons of the Empire offered her and her
husband Pierre, the crown, and they both accepted. In 1217 they left
for Constantinople, and she seeded the marquisate to her oldest son.
They were crowned in Rome by Pope Honrius III, and continued their
journey, Pierre over land and were taken prisoner; she was pregnant
and travelled by sea. In Morea she married her daughter Anges off to
Gottfried II, the future Prince of Achaia. In Constantinople she gave
birth to the heir to the throne, Baudouin II. (1228-1261), and took
over the regency. Just before her death she married her daughter Maria
to Emperor Theodor I. Laskaris of Nikæa. She was mother of 9 children
and daughter of Count Baudouin V of Flanders and Hainault and lived
(ca. 1175-1219). |
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1212-25 Sovereign Countess
Gertrude of Metz (France) |
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Succeeded father, Albert, and
first married to Thiébaud I, duc de Lorraine,
secondly to Thibaut IV, comte de Champagne until the marraige was
annulled in 1222, and thirdly to Simon de Sarrebruck. After her death
the County became an episcopal domaine. |
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1213-25
Sovereign Countess
Agnès II de Donzy of Tonnerre (France) |
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She
and her husband was given the County after their marriage. After her
death her stepfather, Guigues de Forez took over the county until his
death 1241 and was succeeded by her son, Gaucher. Her mother Mathilde
de Courtenay, Countes of Tonnerre, Nevers and Auxerre died 1241. Agnès
lived (ca. 1205-25). |
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1213-16 Reigning Abbess Reichzca V of Niedermünster in
Regensburg (Germany) |
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Her
background is not known. |
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1214 (†) Regent Dowager Queen Leonor de Plantagenet of Castilla
(Spain) |
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Co-Regent for Enrique I (1214-17) and her daughter, Princess
Berenguela became regent after her death. She was daughter of Duchess
Leonora of Aquitanie and King Henry II of England.
(d. 1214). |
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1214-15 Regent Princess Berenguela of Castilla (Spain)
1217 Queen Regnant of Asturias-León and Castilla
1217-19 Regent
1230 Regent in León |
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First she governed in the name of her brother Enrique I
(1204-14-15-17). Later she divorced - under Pope Innocent III's orders
- from her second-degree cousin King Alfonso IX de Leon (King of Leon
1188 -1230). When her brother died in 1217, she renounced her rights
in favour of her son, Fernando II de Castilla, and she acted as his
regent, according to the Cronica
Latina, her "total intent and desire being to procure honor for her
son in every way possible". She helped quell the rebellious nobles,
and then arranged for Fernando to marry a high-born wife, Elisabeth of
Swabia. She often found herself politically at odds with her former
husband. Alfonso had two daughters, Sancha and Dulce, by an earlier
wife, and wished to disinherit her children in favour of these
daughters. To this end, he invited Jean de Brienne to marry his eldest
daughter and thus inherit his kingdom. She sabotaged this plan by
convincing Jean to marry her own daughter, also named Berenguela,
instead. Later, in 1230 when Alfonso died, she and her son Fernando
acted to set aside the rights of the older daughters, and seized the
Leonese throne. She
maintained close connections with her sister, Queen Blanche of France,
and
lived (1180-1246). |
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1214-32 Judicca Benedetta of
Cagliari (in Sardinia) and Marchessa de Massa (Italy) |
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Consecrated in 1214 by Riccus, Archbishop of Cagliari, in the presence of the higher clergy and the grandees. She swore an oath not to diminish the territory of the giudicato, nor to alienate its castles, nor to
make foreign alliances without their consent. Soon after she married Barisone III of Arborea, who was imprisoned by her father. He took the dynastic name "Torchitorio V" and they ruled their two giudicati jointly, each being cited in the acts of the other in their own giudicato.
She favoured natives for positions in her government over Pisans and the economic benefits of Sardinian over the Republic of Pisa. In 1215 Lambert Visconti, judge of Gallura, landed a large army near Cagliari and took the dominating hilltop of S. Gilla, fortifying it. She was
subsequently forced to flee her capital for the interior and in 1217, Lamberto's brother, Ubaldo I Visconti, forced her to accept terms surrendering Cagliari. She received the giudicato back as fief from the consul of Pisa. However, violence between Sardinians and Pisans
escalated in Cagliari and she and her husband made an alliance with Comita III of Torres and the Republic of Genoa in hopes of expelling the Pisans. They found support in Pope Honorius III. After her husband died in 1218, she was forced to marry Lamberto, but the pope immediately
pronounced his annulment. In 1224 she renewed the oath of homage to the Holy See to Goffredo, the papal legate. Two years later war began again with Ubaldo, and she married twice more, both times without papal permission. Her third husband was Enrico di Ceola, a Pisan of the
Capraia family who soon gained papal favour. Her fourth husband was Rinaldo de Glandis and their marriage was declared valid. Nevertheless, violence in Cagliari forced her to move to the castle of Santa Igia and then to Massa, her ancestral home. After her death Pope Gregory IX
had given Massa and Potenzolo to Ugo di Procaria, while Cagliari was divided between the Visconti, Capraia, and Donoratico, Pisan families. Her heir was Guglielmo succeeded under the regency of her sister, Agnes and her husband, Marianus of Torres, held the regency.
She was the daughter Guglielmo I of Cagliari and Adelasia, and lived (ca. 1194-1232/1233). |
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1214-ca. 60 Sovereign Countess Mahaut II of Dammartin and
Boulogne (France) |
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Also known as Mathilde, she succeeded mother, Countess Ide, who ruled
(1173-1214), the daughter of Countess Marie (1159-69) who
again was daughter of Countess Mahaut I (Ca. 1125-51). Mahaut was
married to Count Philippe Hurepel de Clermont-en-Beauvais, Mortain,
Aumale, Dammartin et Boulogne (the latter by the right of his wife)
(son of King Philippe II Augusta of France) and in 1238 to King
Alfonso III of Portugal (1210-79), who divorced her in 1253. Her son
and daughter apparently died before her and the succession was settled
with a relative, Adélaïde de
Brabant. Mahaut
lived (1190/95-ca. 1260). |
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1215-42 Sovereign Dame Mahaut I of Bourbon (France)
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Heir of Archambaud V (1116-71),
she first married Gautier de Vienne,
who ruled Bourbon (1171-1215), after his death she married Gui II de Dampierre and had
two daughters, Mahaut II de Dampierre and Agnes. She was succeeded by
Archambaud VII upon her death in 1242. |
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1215-19 Regent Dowager Margravine Adelasia di Monferrato of Saluzzo (Italy) |
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Azalaïs or Adelasia was regent for granson Manfredo III after the death of her husband, Manfredo II as her son, Bonifacio had predeceased his father. Upon her marriage in 1182 she had received lands in Saluzzo,
Racconigi, Villa, Centallo and Quaranta. She was a a great patron of troubadours. 1216 she made a treaty with Thomas I of Savoia for a marriage between his son Amadeus and her grand-daughter Agnes. She had to pay tribute on behalf of her grandson, and for the next century the
margravate was a vassal of Savoy. When her grandson took over the government, she retunred to church patronage and made many big grants. (d. 1232). |
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1216-.. Sovereign Countess Jezebel of Karystos
(Greece)
1217-.. Sovereign Countess of The First Triarchy of Euboea |
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Also known as Isabelle.
Under the division of Eubœa
established in 1217 by Venice following the death of her husband, Ravano dalle
Carceri, she
acquired ½ of the southern barony with the town of Karystos, the other ½ being
assigned to her daughter.
The
County was an important port on the southernmost tip of the island of
Euboea, facing the island of Andros, in the Cyclades. |
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1216-40 Sovereign Countess Berta dalle Carceri of Karystos
(Greece)
1217-40 Sovereign Countess Felicia dalle Carceri of The First
Triarchy of Euboea |
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After the death of her father, Ravano, she
shared the Barony with her mother, Isabelle.
Euboea, the
second largest island of Greece was divided into three parts, three Triarchies each reigned by counts.
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1216-37 Princess-Abbess Adelheid von Wildenberg of Essen
(Germany) |
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Her
regency was a black period of the territory. Count Friedrich von
Isenberg had inherited the Marshallty, but exploited the abbey
totally, and Adelheid had to ask Archbishop Engelbert of Köln for
help, and the dispute over the abbey that led to Engelbert’s murder by
Friedrich in 1225. |
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1216-?
Reigning Abbess Gertrud I of Obermünster in Regensburg
(Germany) |
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The
Abbey was founded ca 833 and in 1219 the reichsunmittelbaren convent
came under direct Papal protection. As
Imperial immediacy the territory was was
under the direct authority of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Imperial
Diet, without any intermediary Liege lord and therefore had the right
to collect taxes and tolls and held juridical rights. |
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1216-18 Reigning Abbess Tutta of Niedermünster in Regensburg
(Germany) |
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Her
background is not known. |
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1216-18 Hereditary Sheriff Lady Nicola de la Hay of
Lincolnshire and Constable of Lincoln Castle (United Kingdom) |
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Succeeded father during the reign of Prince John and King Henry III
together with Phillip Mar of Nottingham. She defended her territory
against attacking forces during the War of the Roses. She was married
to Gerad de Camville and lived (ca. 1160-ca.1218). |
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1217-34 Reigning Abbess Gertrud II zur Lippe of Herford
(Germany) |
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Daughter of count Bernhard II zur Lippe, who resigned in 1196 to
become Abbot and then Bishop of Semgallen. Her mother was Heilwig von
Are-Hostaden, and resigned from her post in 1234. Her next known
successor, Ida, became abbess in 1238.
(d. ca 1245). |
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1218-30 Sovereign Countess Marguerite de Champagne-Blois of
Blois and Châteaudun (France) |
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Together with sister, Isabelle, she succeeded the son of their
brother, Thibaud VI, Her first husband, Hugo III, Seigneur d'Oisy,
Vicomte von Cambrai died in 1189, and three years later she married
Otto I. von Hohenstaufen Pfalzgraf von Burgundy (1166/73-1200). Two
years after his death she married Walter II d’Avesnes, Seigneur
de Guise et Condé (d. 1243/46). She was succeeded by daughter Marie
d'Avesnes Countess de Blois, Dame d’Avesnes and de Guise (Ca.
1203-30-41). Marguerite lived (1164-1230). |
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1218-48 Sovereign Countess Isabelle de Champagne-Blois of
Chartres and Romorantin (France) |
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Succeeded her nephew together with her sister, Marguerite. She was
first married to Sulpice d'Amboise and secondly to Jean de Montmirail,
Vicomte Cambrai.
(d. 1248). |
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1218-23 Sovereign Countess Petronille of Bar-sur-Seine
(France) |
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Her
father, Milon II, count of Bar-sur-Seine, died in 1191, She was his
only child, and was married to Hugues du Puiset, Vicomte de Chartres. |
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1218-28 Regent Dowager Queen Alice de Champagne of Cyprus
1243-46 (†) Regent of Jerusalem |
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The
daughter of Queen Isabella of Jerusalem and her second husband Henri
de Champagne, she married Hugues of Cyprus in 1208. He took over the
reigns in Cyprus in 1210/11 from his sister Burgundia. After his
sudden death at Tripoli in 1218, Alice acted as regent for her
8-month-old son Henri in Cyprus. In 1223 she married Bohemond V of
Antiochia. In Jerusalem, Friedrich II, Holy Roman Emperor was
recognized as suzerain but not regent of Cyprus in 1228, because of
his marriage to Queen Yolanda. When she died, Alice travelled to Acre
to put forward her claim to Crown of Jerusalem - without success.
After she and Bohemond divorced because they were too closely related
(third cousins), she married Ralph, Count of Soissons. As she was the
great-aunt of King Conrad of Germany - who had failed to come East to
accept throne - Alice was entrusted with regency of Jerusalem in 1243.
After her death the regency passed to her son and heir, Henri, King of
Cyprus. She lived (ca. 1193-1246). |
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1218 Regent the Dowager Sultana of the Seljuks in Aleppo
(Syria) |
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Widow of Al-Zahir and was regent for their son al-Aziz as ruler of
one of the Seljuk Principalities that developed n Syria, Asia Minor
and Kerman as the Seljuk Empire declined after 1091. Her troops was
involved in the fight against the Christian crusaders and Frankish
principalities in the area. |
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1218 Regent Duchess Alice de Vergy of Bourgogne (France) |
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