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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN POWER
1100-1150
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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Around 1100 Administrator Queen Piriyaketaladevi of Three
Villages in Karnataka (India) |
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Consort of Chalukaya Vikramaditya VI of Karnataka,
and ruled three
Villages. In Karnataka the administration of larger units - a division
comprising several villages - was also sometimes assigned to women, if
they were found competent. |
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Around 1100 Administrator Queen Laliteya Devi of Mottiwada in
Karnataka (India) |
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In charge of the Belgaum District of Karnataka. |
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Around 1100 Administrator Revakabbarasi of Posavuru in
Karnataka (India) |
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Married to general Vavanarasa. |
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Around 1100 Chief Administrator Jakkiabbe of a Nagarakhanda
Division in Karnataka (India)
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Widow of Sattarasa Nagarjuna, the chief administrator of a division (nalgavunda),
who headed Nagarakhanda, consisting of seventy villages and was
responsible for revenue, irrigation and the general administration of
this division. The king found in her an able administrator and
appointed her as her husband's successor. She supervised the work of
several headmen (perggade) under her and put through several deals,
recovered dues and distributed grants. While dedicating herself to
administration, her health failed. She was succeeded by daughter. |
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Around 1100 Responsible Officer Revakabbarasi of the Royal
Household of Karnataka (India) |
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Her
title was Pasayite. |
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Around 1100 Hereditary Countess Mechtild of Kiev of Beichlingen
(Germany) |
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Only daughter of Kunigunde von Beichlingen and her first husband
Prince Jaropolk of Turow in Russia, she succeeded to the fief at a not
known time. Mechtild was married to Count Günther von Schwarzburg and
was succeeded by son Friedrich I von Beichlingen (d. ca. 1168). The
second son Sizzo III was cont of Schwarzburg and her daughter Bertha
married Heinrich von Groizsch, Burgrave von Magdeburg.
Neither the date of birth or death of Kunigunde is known. |
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1100-01 (†) Reigning Dowager Empress Xiang Shi of China
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Succeeded by Chi, who was emperor 1100-26, and died 1135. It was a
time of remarkable advances in technology, culture, and economics, and
the Song Dynasty, despite its political failures, basically set the
stage for the rest of the imperial era. The most important development
was that agricultural technology, aided by the importation of a
fast-growing Vietnamese strain of rice and the invention of the
printing press, developed to the point where the food-supply system
was so efficient that, for the most part, there was no need to develop
it further. |
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1100-ca. 14 Regent Duchess Mathilde-Philippa de Toulouse of
Aquitaine and Poitou (France)
1114-17 Claimant of Toulouse
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Her
husband, Guillaume (Duke and Count 1086-1127), went to the Holy Land
after the first crusade had finished in 1099 and took part in the
creation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem and some of the other Latin
Principalities. She acted as regent during his absence. She claimed
the county from her cousin, and attacked the county. Her husband
conquered and lost the county two times, they probably separated in
1115 and she died as a nun. She was daughter of Guillaume IV de
Toulouse (1040/45-60-93) and first married to Sancho I of Aragon, who
was killed in 1094. Mother of two sons, and lived (1068-1117). |
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1100-... Sovereign Countess Agnes of Ponthieu (France)
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Succeeded father, Gui I, and reigned jointly with husband Roger II de
Ralvas, Count d'Alençon. |
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1100-18 Politically Influential Queen Mathilde of Scotland of
England (United Kingdom) |
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Also known as Edith or The good queen Maud of Scotland, she was very
powerful during the reign of her husband, Henry I Beauclerc
(1068-87-1135), and acted as regent when he was abroad. She was
daughter of King Malcom III Ceanmera and Saint Margaret of Scotland,
was mother of one daughter, Maud, later Empress of Germany and Lady
Domina of England, and lived (1079-1118). |
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11....
Chieftainess Nagasanamma in Karnataka (India) |
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Widow of a feudal chief and inherited the chieftainship. She is
described as Mahasamantha showing that she ruled as a feudal lord in
her own right. |
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11... Politically Influential Countess Gertruda of Guines in
Wales (United Kingdom) |
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A
Welsh revolutionary who raised an army to rebel against the oppressive
regime of King John. She was captured on the battlefield and died as
his prisoner. |
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1100 Army Leader Maude de Valerie in Wales (United Kingdom) |
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Another Welsh revolutionary. She was also captured on the battlefield
and died as John's prisoner. |
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1101-12 Regent Dowager Countess Adelisa del Vasto of Sicilia
(Sicily) (Italy)
1101-1118 Sovereign Countess of Salona |
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Widow of Roger I, she was a very efficient and successful regent for
the sons Simon and Roger II.
During her tenure, the emir Christodulus rose to preeminence at the
court and Palermo was settled as the capital of the realm. Either
through her influence or under her regency, her brother Henry del
Vasto was granted Paternò and Butera.. After having handed over the government
to Roger, she travelled to Jerusalem and married Baudouin I, but it
was not a success and they divorced in 1117 where after she returned
to Sicilia. She lived (1072-1118). |
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1101-1126 Politically Influential Queen Swatawa of Poland of
Bohemia (Czech Republic) |
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Also known as Świętosława, she was influential during the reign of her
two sons. Her husband's oldest son, Bretislav II, succeeded his father
Vratslav II, Duke in Olmütz (1055-56)+(1058-61), Duke of Bohemia
(1061-85), King of Bohemia (1085-92), as Duke of Bohemia. He was
killed, and succeeded by her oldest son, Borzivoy II, Duke in Znaim
and Brünn (1099-1100) and of Bohemia (1101-07) and (1117-20) and the
second, Duke Vladislav I of Bohemia (1109-17) and (1120-25). She was
daughter of prince Kazimierz I Odnowiciel of Poland and Dobroniega
Maria, mother of 5 children, and (lived 1046/48-1126). |
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1103-26 Princess-Abbess Agnes I of Poland of Quedlinburg
(Germany) |
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Daughter of Duke Wladislaw of Poland and Judith, the daughter of
Emperor Heinrich III of Germany. |
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1103-09 Reigning Abbess Richenzca II von Zolling of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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During the 10th century the Church of the Chapter, which dated back to
700, was replaced by a new building. The present church dates back to
the middle of the 12th century. |
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1104-17 Joint Reigning Queen Margrethe Fredkulla of
Denmark |
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Contemporary sources depict her as the co-ruler of her husband, King Niels, and had her name incribed on a coin,
which was unique in the Northern Countries, and in all of Europe only half a dusin of examples of other Queens named jointly with a king who was not a minor under regency in the period 1000-1500 exists. Her oldest
son by Niles was killed by a horse in his youth. The second was named King Magnus of her dowry in Västergötland after her father, King Inge Stenkilsson of Sweden died.
She was considered to be the stronger of the two. She is described as
vice, clever, devote and peace loving. Daughter of King Inge of
Sweden, she was first married to the Norwegian king Magnus, who died
1103. (d. 1117). |
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Until 1104 Hereditary Countess Beatrix von Schweinfurt of
Schweinfurt (Germany) |
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Only child of Count Otto von Schweinfurt and Irmgard of Torino,
and married to the Bavarian count Heinrich II von Hildirizhausen.
Mother of four children, and lived (ca. 1040-1104). |
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1104-1111 Countess-Abbess Frederun of Gandersheim (Germany)
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Also known as Vrederun, she was member of an important ruling families
of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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1105-08 Regent Dowager Countess Elvira de Castilla of Tripoli
(Lebanon)
1108-ca. 23 Regent of Toulouse (France)
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After the death of her husband Raimond IV de Saint-Gilles of Toulouse,
she took over the regency for their infant son, Alphonse Jordan (b.
1105), but the situation was difficult and she decided to move to
Toulouse and transferred Tripoli to her husband's illegitimate son,
Bertrand, who left for the Holy Land to claim his inheritance. She
lived (ca. 1080-after 1151). |
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Ca. 1105-ca. 15 Sovereign Viscountess
Arnautte de Dax of Dax
(France) |
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Also
known as Annette, she was the daughter of Arnaud II Raymond, vicomte
de Dax, who died circa 1070. She was married to a distant cousin,
Arnaud Dat, seigneur de Mixe and Ostabarret.Their marriage reunited
the two branches of descent from Arnaud Raimond, the first vicomte of
Dax, who died prior to 1005. Upon the death of her brother, vicomte
Pierre Arnaud, without issue (ca. 1105), she and her husband succeeded
to the rank of vicomte. She was mother of Raymond III Arnaud, vicomte
de Dax (ca. 1100 - 1150), and through her great-granddaughter, Navarre
de Dax, the wife of Raimond Arnaud, vicomte de Tartas, Guiraude was
the ancestor of that family, as well the seigneurs d'Albret. She lived
(before ca. 1180-ca. 1115). |
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1106-43 Hereditary Countess Agnes of Franken and Schwaben
(Germany) |
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Daughter and heiress of Emperor Heinrich IV (1050-56-1106). Her
husband, Friedrich I Graf Hohenstaufen became Duke of Franken and
Schwaben and was succeeded by their son, Friedrich II. Agnes' second
husband was Leopold III, Margrave of Austria who died 1136. Agnes
lived (1074-1143). |
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1106-26 Hereditary Countess Wulfhild of Sachsen (Germany) |
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The
oldest daughter and co-heir of Duke Magnus of Sachsen (1045-72-1106)
and his wife Sofia of Hungary. She was married to Heinrich IX "der
Schwarze", duke of Bavaria (1120-26). Her oldest son, Heinrich "der
Stolze" was Duke of Bavaria (1126-39) and of Saxony (1137-39). Another
son was Duke Welf VI of Spoleto. Mother of 5 other children and lived
(1075-1126). |
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1106-42 Hereditary Countess Elike Bilika von Sachsen of
Kriechen-Burgwerben and the Pfalzgrafschaft in Sachsen (Germany) |
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Also known as Eilika, she was sister of Wulfhild. Married to Otto von
Askanien, Graf von Ballenstadt and Duke of Saxonia (1112-23). Her
oldest son was Albrecht I der Bär, von Sachsen-Brandenburg, who was
Count of Ballenstedt, Lord of the Mark Lausitz, Margrave of Saxony
(1124-38), Duke of Saxony (1137-41), Margrave of Brandenburg (1140-70)
and Margrave von Stade, Count of von Aschersleben. Her second child
was Siegfried I, Count von Orlamünde and Count Palatine bei Rhein.
Elike lived (1080-1142). |
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Around 1107 Rani Regnant Hamun of Sindh (India) |
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Reigned in
succession to King Singhar, who ruled (Ca. 1092-ca.
1107) |
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1107-24 Regent Dowager Sultana of the
Seljuk-Principality of Malatya in Anatolia (Turkey) |
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Widow of Sultan Kilj Arslan, and married to three Turkish chiefs in
succession who acted as guardians of her son, Sultan Tughril Arslan.
In 1124 the principality was concord by the Danishmendide-Turks. |
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1107-09 Sovereign Countess Ide-Raymonde of Lyonnais and Forez
(France) |
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Her
brother, Guillaume III was count (1079-97) and was succeeded by a
number of male relatives until she inherited the county. She was widow
of Guy-Raymond d'Albon, count Forez. |
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1107-57 Dame Maud FitzHamon of Gloucester, Glamorgan and Eurecy
et Ste. Scolasse-sur-Sarthe (United Kingdom and Normandy) |
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Her
husband, Robert FitzRoy, son of Henry I of England, was given title of
Earl of Gloucester in 1121. He died 1147. Mother of 8 sons and a
daughter. Her granddaughter Isabella was 3rd. Countess of Gloucester
from 1183.
Maud (d. 1157). |
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1109-26 Queen Regnant Urraca I Alfonsez of Castilla and Léon
(Spain) |
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In
1107 she reigned over her Dowry Galicia and Zamora after the death of
her first husband Count Raimond de Bourgogne. The following year she
inherited the throne from her father Alfonso VI Fernandez of Castile
and Leon (1040-1109). Her second marriage in the year 1109 to Alfonso
I Perez de Aragon (d. 1134) was anulled 1114 because they were to
closely related. Her reign was
disturbed by strife among the powerful nobles and especially by
constant warfare with her husband, who had seized her lands. She never
remarried, though she took several lovers. Another thorn in her side
was her half-sister, Tarasa of Portugal and her husband, Enrique, who
allied with her estranged husband, then betrayed him when a better
offer came from Urraca's court. After her brother-in-law's death in
1112, her sister still contested ownership of lands. With the aid of
her son, Alfonso Raimúndez, Urraca was able to win back much of her
domain and ruled successfully until her death. In 1223 she recognized
her illegitemate son,
Fernando Perez Furtado, and according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, she died in childbirth in 1126. The father
was her lover, Count Pedro González de Lara. She was succeeded by her
legitimate son, Alfonso VII Raimúndez of Castile and Leon "Imperator
totus Hispaniae" (d. 1157), She lived (1082-1126). |
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1109-16 Reigning Abbess Mathilde II von Kirchberg of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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The
third of her countly family to lead the chapter and territory. |
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1110-ca. 26 Sovereign Countess Eremburge of Maine (France)
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Succeeded her father, Helie de la Fleche, Count of Maine by the right
of his wife, Paula de Maine, and co-reigned with husband Foulques
d'Anjou who died in 1142. Her daughter, Mathilde, was given the county
of Maine upon her marriage to William of Wales, who died 1120, and
when Mathilde entered a convent, her son, Helie, became Count of
Maine. Eremburge lived (ca. 1090-ca.
1126). |
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1110-17 Temporary Regent Empress
Irene Doukaina of Constantinople (Covering what is today Greece and
Turkey)
1118-19 Politically Influential |
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Her
husband, Alexios I Komnenos was engaged in numerous fights against the
Seljuks in 1110–1117, and she acted as regent when she remained behind
in Constantinople, she acted as regent, together with her son-in-law,
Nikephoros Bryennios. She wanted to have Nikephoros and her daughter,
Anna as his heirs, over their own younger son John. She nursed Alexios
on his deathbed on 1118, while at the same time still scheming to have
Nikephoros and Anna succeed him, and conspired with Anna against John,
but their plots were unsuccessful and they were both forced into exile
at the monastery of Kecharitomene, which she had founded a few years
previously. She lived there in peace, distributing food to the poor
and educating young orphan girls. She lived (ca. 1066–1123/33). |
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1114-1161/4 Dame Abbesse Judith I de Lorraine of Remiremont
1139-1161/4 Dame Abbesse of St. Pierre and Metz (France) |
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Also known as Judith de Vaudemont, she succeeded her aunt Gisèle II and was in
dispute over the authority over the chapter with her counsins, Simon I and
Mathieu I and Lorraine, and did not hesitate to appeal to Emperor Konrad III to
maintain her rights. She was daughter of Thierry II of Lorraine and Hedwig von Formbach. |
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From 1111 Regent Dowager Duchess Adela de Flanders of Apulia
(Italy) |
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Also known as Ailanda of Apuglia, she was heiress of Robert I the
Fries of Flanders. First married King Knud III of Denmark, and after
his death Roger of Apulia, and after his death, she ruled in the name
of their son Guillaume II (Ca. 1095-1127). Her oldest son was Carel I.
of Flanders (ca. 10851127), who was killed. She lived (Ca. 1064-1115). |
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From 1111 Regent Dowager Princess Constance de France of
Antiochia (Syria) |
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Widow of Bohemond I d'Hauteville of Antiochia and Taranto, she ruled
in the name of her son Bohemond II (1107/09-1130). At some point she
was taken prisoner by Grimoald, Lord of Bary, until Pope Calixt II
managed to have her released in 1120. The daughter of King Philippe I
of France (1053-60-1108), she divorced her first husband Hugues I de
Blois of Troyes, and lived (1078-1124/26). |
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1111-25 Countess-Abbess Agnes I of Gandersheim (Germany)
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Niece of Emperor Heinrich IV and the last Abbess from the Imperial family, and lived (1091-1125) |
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1112-30 Sovereign Countess Dulcia I of Provence (France) |
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Also known as Duce or Dulce, she was successor of her mother, Gerberga, she was married to count Ramon
Berenguer III of Barcelona (1086-1131) and succeeded by son, Raymond
Berenguer IV and II the Saint of Barcelona and Provence. She lived
(ca. 1090-1130). |
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1113... Politically Influential Dowager Countess Palatine
Gertrud von Nordheim of Rhein
1149-65 Administrator of Bentheim and Rheineck (Germany) |
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After her first husband, Count Siegfred von Ballenstedt, Pfalzgraf bei
Rhein was killed in battle, she fought for the inheritance of their
sons Count Siegfried zu Orlamünde (d. 1124) and Wilhelm, Pfalzgraf bei
Rhein (d. 1140), aided by her second husband, Count Otto von Rheineck
(d. 1150). Her third son Otto II von Rheineck was killed in 1149, and
therefore she administered his inheritance as her own fiefs until her
death, and had nothing more to do with the County Palatine by the
Rhine. She managed to have her daughter Sophie named Heiress of the
County of Bentheim. Gertrud was daughter of Heinrich the Fat of
Northeim and Gertrud von Braunschweig, sister of Empress Richenza, and
lived (ca. 11190-before 1165). |
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1114-1161/4 Dame Abbesse Judith I de Lorraine of Remiremont,
Dame of Saint Pierre and Metz
1139-1161/4 Dame Abbesse of St. Pierre and Metz (France) |
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Daughter of Thierry II of Lorraine and Hedwig von Formbach. |
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1115-49 Reigning Abbess Pétronille de Chemillé of the Royal
Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
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A
cousin of Abbot Geoffrey of Vendôme she had married into the family of
the lords of Chemillé. At the time of her death there were more than
50 mixed monasteries in the order, headed by a female superior,
distributed across the region bounded by northern Champagne, Lyonnais,
and Aragon. It was the largest and wealthiest federation of
monasteries for women in Western Europe. |
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1116-26 Reigning Abbess Reichzca III von Abensberg of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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Member of a noble family that married into other high-ranking families
such as Hohenzollern and Cilli. |
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1117-18 Presiding over the Hearings of the Royal Court Mathilda
of England of the Holy Roman Empire
1119 Stadholder in Italy and Supreme Commander of the
Army and Presiding over Courts
1125 Holder of the Imperial Insignia of the
Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation
1135-50 De-facto Sovereign Duchess of Normandie (France)
1141 Queen Regnant (Lady Domina) of England (United
Kingdom) (02.02-01.11) |
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Also known as Maud, she was married the Holy Roman emperor Henry V in
1114, and acted as his co-ruler until his death 11 years later, when
she became the holder of the Royal Insignia until a new Emperor was
elected. As her only legitimate brother had been killed in the
disastrous Wreck her father, King Henry I, had the barons swore
allegiance to her and promised her the throne after her father's
death. She then married Count Geoffrey V of Anjou and Maine. He was
thirteen, she twenty-three. It is thought that the two never got on.
Newer the less they had had three sons in four years. Being absent in
Anjou at the time of her father's death on 1st December 1135, possibly
due to pregnancy, she was not in a position to take up the throne and
she quickly lost out to her cousin, Stephen de Blois. With her
husband, she attempted to take Normandy. With encouragement from
supporters in England though, it was not long before she invaded her
rightful English domain and so began a long-standing Civil War from
the powerbase of her half-brother, Robert of Gloucester, in the West
Country. After three years of armed struggle, she gained the upper
hand at the Battle of Lincoln, in February 1141, where King Stephen
was captured. However, despite being declared Queen or "Lady of the
English" at Winchester, she alienated the citizens of London with her
arrogant manner. She failed to secure her coronation and the Londoners
joined a renewed push from Stephen's Queen and laid siege to the
Empress in Winchester. She managed to escape to the West, but while
commanding her rearguard, her brother was captured by the enemy. She
then exchanged Robert for Stephen who soon re-imposed his Royal
authority. In 1148, after the death of her half-brother, Matilda
finally returned to Normandy, leaving her son, who, in 1154, would
become Henry II, to fight on in England. She lived (1101-67). |
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1117-45 Politically Influential Empress Fujiwara no Tamako of
Japan |
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Also known as Empress Taikenmon'in was influential during the reign of
her husband Toba's reign. He abdicated in 1123, and in 1129 he began
to rule as cloistered emperor. He continued to hold power through the
reigns of three emperors, Sutoku, Konoe, and Go-Shirakawa. In 1142, he
became a monk, entering the Tōdaiji Temple. During his cloistered rule
the court was dominated by his three chief consorts: Taikenmon'in,
Bifukumon'in, and Kayanoin, who were his trusted allies, strategists,
and friends during various factional disputes that shook the court
throughout his lifetime. On one hand, the three women fiercely
competed to secure favours for their own children at the expense of
the others, but on the other hand they were partners, united by their
common interest in advancing the interests of their husband. She was
eldest daughter of Fujiwara Kinzane, and lived (1101-45). |
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1117-55 Politically influential Empress Fujiwara no Yasuko of
Japan |
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Also known as Empress Kayanoin, she wielded great influence in both
political and cultural matters, and was a patron of arts and Buddhist
learning like the two other consorts of Emperor Tuba. She was the
eldest daughter of Fujiwara no Tadazane, and lived (1095-1155). |
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1117-56 Politically Influential Empress Fujiwara no Tokushi of
Japan |
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Also known as Bifukumon'in, her status as an imperial favourite gave
her access to Emperor Toba, and his devotion to her gave her a great
deal of influence. Through her wish to have her adopted son, Nijô,
placed on the throne, his father was named crown prince and acceded.
He stepped down three years later, presumably at Bifukumon'in's
request. Furthermore, friction between Bifukumon'in and Yorinaga
eventually led to his exile and subsequent revolt at the side of
Sutoku in the Hôgen disturbance. After Toba's death, she became known
as Empress Dowager Yoshitomi, the daughter of Fujiwara no Nagami; she
lived (until 1160). |
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1118-52 Sovereign Countess Richardis von Waldeck (Germany) |
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Married to Rudolf II von Stadet (d. 1114). |
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1118-34/38 Sovereign Countess Ermengardis of Zütphen (The
Netherlands) |
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Also known as Ermgard, she succeeded her brother Hendrik. She was
married to Gerhard II of Gelder/Guelders (d. 1131). In 1134 she
married Konrad of Luxembourg and around this time she transferred the
county to her son, Hendrik II. |
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1118-42 Sovereign Countess Agnès de Garlande of
Rochefort (France) |
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Succeeded her father Anceaus and first married to Amaury III. (d. after
1136) Sire de Montfort-l'Amaury, and Comte d'Évreux and secondly Robert I.
le Grand, Comte de Dreux (d. 1188), who was son of King Louis VI. She was
succeeded by her son,
Simon III. (d. 1181) |
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1118-52 Countess-Abbess Hedwiga II von Seeburg of
Gernrode and Frose
(Germany) |
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During his lifetime Margrave Gero I donated Geronisroth, the villages
of Badeborn, Groß- und Klein-Alsleben, Oster- und Westeregeln as well
as Gröningen, and after his death the abbey and the Provosty of Frose
inherited all of his possessions. Margrave Ekkehard II and Meißen und
Hedwig von Seeburg added to the wealth by further donations. The name
of her successor is not known. The next known Abbess is Richenza/Rikinza,
who was elected in 1205. |
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1118-19 Coup Participant
Princess Anna Komnene of Constantinople (Covering what is today Greece
and Turkey) |
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Together with her mother, Irene Doukaina, she plotted to place herelf
and her husband, Caesar Nikephoros Bryennios on the throne instead of
her brother, John. The plot was discovered, and she forfeited her
property and imperial family status. By her brother's clemency she
escaped with her life and was dispatched to a convent, where she
engaged in studied ans became one of the first known female historians
and wrote "The Alexiad" - about her father's reign. She was mother of
4 children, and lived (1083-1153). |
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1119-37 Princess-Abbess Ida III von Calw of Essen (Germany)
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Born as Pfalzgräfin bei Rhine, and as Reichsfürstin (Princess of
the Realm) she had the right of vote in the College of the Prelates of
the Rhine, which held one joint vote in Ecclesiastical Bench of the
Council of Princes in the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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Ca. 1120-30 Ruler Al-Hurra Alam al-Malika of
Zubayd (Yemen) |
|
A singer or slave of the king Mansur ibn-Najah (Ca. 1111-23), who
was so impressed by her political astuteness that he placed her in
charge of the realm's management and "made no decisions without
consulting her". In 1123 his vizier Mann Allah poisoned him, but Alam
continued to govern but she never had the Khutba proclaimed in her
name at the Friday night prayer. Zybayd was a principality in western
Yemen near San'a, with whom it was in a perpetual state of war. The
title of al-hurra was bestowed on women who were active in politics,
but did not denote Queenship. |
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Around 1120-ca. 60 Hereditary Dame Helvis of Rahmala and
Mirabel (Palestina and Israel) |
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Daughter of Baudouin of Rahmala and first married to Balan de Cartres,
Lord of Ibelin (d. 1143/50). After his death she transferred her
possessions to their son, Hughes d'Ibelin, Lord of Rahmala
(1132-68/71), who was succeeded by brother. The third son inherited
Ibelin. Also mother of two daughters. Around 1150 she married Lord
Manasses d'Hierges. She lived (ca. 1105/10-ca.
60). |
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Ca.
1121-50 Sovereign Countess Tiburge I of Orange (France)
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Succeeded father Rimbaud II and reigned together with husband,
Guillaume I d'Omélas (d. 1156). In 1150 they were succeeded by their
son Rimbaud III. |
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1122 and 1133 Regent Dowager Queen De of Quidan (China) |
Also known as Xiao she was in charge of the government
in the name of Yelü Ding, who reigned 1122 and later for
also for another relative.
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1122-25 Regent Dowager Countess Petronella de Lorraine of
Holland-Zeeland and Friesland (The Netherlands) |
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Widow of Floris II, she was regent for son Dirk VI 1122-57 together
with the Counts of Egmond, Rijnsburen and Middelburg. She was a very
able ruler and acted forcefully in the interests of her sons. She
funded various convents and also played a part in the politics of the
Holy Roman Empire, trough her half-brother, Emperor Lothar III - the
son of her mother in her first marriage. 1133 she withdrew to the
Convent of Rheinsburg, which she had funded herself.
She
was daughter of Duke Dietrich II von Ober-Lothringen and Hedwig von
Formbach, and was originally named Gertrud. She lived (ca. 1078-1144). |
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From 1122 Regent Dowager Countess Hedwig von Assel-Woltingerode
of Windberg-Ratelberg-Winzenburg (Germany) |
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After the death of her husband, Hermann I, she managed the government
for their minor son, and is always portrayed as Reigning Countess the
many documents left over from her. She married Count Adalbert II von
Bogen in 1123. Her oldest daughter, Beatrix von Windberg was Abbess of
Quedlinburg and Neuenheerse (1138-60), also mother of a son who died
as a child and another daughter in her first marriage. In her second
marriage she was mother of three sons and one daughter; Heilwig,
Abbess of Geisenfeld. She was daughter of Margrave Poppo III. von
Assel-Woltingerode of Istrien and Richardis von Sponheim, and lived
(ca. 1080-ca.
1162). |
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1123-? Regent Dowager Lady Emma of Caesarea (Israel) |
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Reigned the lordship following the death of Eustace (1110-23) as regent for Gautier (1123-54). |
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1124-?46 Hereditary Countess Jutta Ida of Werl-Arnsberg
(Germany)
1146-54/62 Reigning Abbess of Herford |
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Only daughter and heir of Count Friedrich I von Werl-Arnsberg and
Adelheid von Limburg. She and her first husband, Gottfried II, Count
von Cappenberg had both entered a convent. After his death in 1127 she
decided to leave the Chapter and married Gottfried von Kuic (Cuyk) (d.
1168) and had her only child, Heinrich I. Graf von Arnsberg (d. 1185).
It seems that she went back to the Imperial Immediate - Reichsfreie - Abbey of Herford and
became an Abbess as Jutta von Arnsberg in 1146, she lived (ca.
1100/05-after 1154) |
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1124-44 Hereditary Countess Bertha of Groitzsch (Germany)
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Only daughter and heir of Count Wiprecht II von Groitzsch and Jutta
von Böhmen and married to Count Dedi IV of Wettin and Groitzsch. Her
only daughter probably predeceased her and the Margrave Konrad
inherited the lands. Bertha (d. 1144). |
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1125-37
Consors Regni
Empress Richenza von Nordheim of the Holy Roman Empire of
the German Nation
1136-37 Presiding over the Hearings of the Royal Court
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Her
husband, Lothar von
Sachsen, was elected King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor in
1125, and she was actively involved in the governing of the empire and
took part in the Imperial Councils. She is mentioned as the last "consors
regni" - reigning consorts. As daughter of Count Heinrich von Nordheim and Gertrud von
Braunschweig she was heir to vast territories, and after her husband's death in 1137 she was
instrumental in her son-in-laws' appointment as Duke of Sachsen. After
his death in 1139, she and her daughter, Gertrud von Supplinburg,
remained in control of the Duchy and managed to have Getrud's son,
Heinrich der Löwe, appointed Duke in 1142, with his mother as regent.
Lived (Ca. 1087-1141). |
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1125-51 Sovereign Countess Mahaut I of Boulogne (France)
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Also known as Queen Matilda of England, she succeeded father Eustache
III, and reigned jointly with her husband, King Stephen de Blois of
England (d. 1154) and succeeded by first two sons Eustache IV,
William, Earl of Warenne and Surrey and then by daughter, Marie in
1159. She lived (1105-52). |
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1125-30 Countess-Abbess Berta I of Gandersheim (Germany)
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As Abbess with
countly rank, she was semi-independent ruler of the secular
territories of the chapter. |
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1126-37 Princess-Abbess Gerburg von Kappenberg of Quedlinburg
(Germany)
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During her reign the fights between the Welfs and Staufs for the
kingship of Germany started and the city was occupied. |
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1126-30 Reigning Abbess Reichzca IV von Dornburg of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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Since 1002 the Reichsstift Niedermünster in Regensburg had been placed
directly under the king as the other states in Germany, it was granted
royal protection and, immunity. |
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1127-36 Sovereign Countess Beatrix II of Bigorre (France)
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Succeeded father, Centule II and joint ruler with husband Pierre I de
Marsan, who was succeeded by their son Centule III in 1163. |
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1127 and 1129-31 Regent Empress Meng Zhaoci
of
China
1127-28 Regent in Jiling |
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Selected over 100 candidates by Supreme Empress Dowager Gao
(1031-1093), to be principal consort for her grandson, Emperor
Zhao Xu (1085-1100).
She became empress in 1092 but while she was favored by
both Gao and by her mother-in-law, Xiang (1045-1101), the emperor was
enamored of another palace woman, Liu (d.1113). She managed to
escape the Jin, who attacked the capital, and when
Emperor
Qinzong (1126-1127),
was taken north. To gain a semblance of legitimacy the commander Zhang
named her as regent for Zheng, who had taken over the throne. Shortly
after, she learned that one the sons of Huizong (reigned 1101-1126),
had
arrived at Kaifeng, and she sent a letter where she declared this
prince as the legitimate emperor, and retired from her regency. Zhang
was thus pressured to retire in favor of Huizong and was later told to
commit suicide.
1127-28, she kept control of the North Eastern Province of Jiling
after the Song Dynasty lost control of Northern China to the Liao
Dynasty in 1127 and moved to the south, establishing the Southern Song
Dynasty, which lasted until 1279.
Two years later, in 1129, when Gaozong was defeated in battle at
Yangzhou and narrowly escaped capture, two discontented leaders of his
bodyguards forced him to abdicate in favor of his three-year-old son.
Meng was again asked to serve as regent. Eventually Gaozong was able
to regain the throne and she retired after having served as regent for
25 days. In the same year, Gaozong sent her with an imperial guard
west into Jiangsi so that if he were to be captured or killed a she
would represent the legitimacy of the
Northern Song Dynasty.
She lived (1077-1135). |
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1127-52 Queen Nag Ye Hkam Leng of Möng Mao
(Myanmar-Burma) |
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Succeeded Hkun Hpang Hkan and was succeeded by Saw Hsö Hkun Hpa, who
reigned (1152-1205). |
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1128-31 Co-Ruler Princess Melisende of Jerusalem (Israel)
1131-45 Queen Regnant
1145-52 and 1157 Regent
1152-61 Lady of Nablus |
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Daughter King Baldwin II of Jerusalem (d.1131) and his Armenian wife Morphia (d.1129). In 1128 she was designated as her father’s successor
and began her reign with him. In 1129 she married Fulk V of Anjou
(France). In 1131, they became joint rulers of Jerusalem until he
launched a war against her. But her forces prevailed and she insisted
on strong peace-terms, which included her admission to the inner
councils of the kingdom. After Fulk's death she became regent
for her 13-year-old son, Baldwin. 1145 was the year Baldwin was to
celebrate the attainment of his majority. she ignored the date,
easing him out of every place of influence, omitting his name from
public acts. Baldwin would not agree to this and once again
the Kingdom of Jerusalem was divided - this time between the
her supporters and those of her son. A compromise was reached
before open war between the two broke out - The Kingdom was to be
divided between mother and son - she would rule Judea and
Samaria, whilst her son Baldwin governed the entire North. Soon,
however, it was realized that the Kingdom could not be ruled in the
manner and nobility soon deserted he. Faced with this loss of
support, she finally yielded to her son Baldwin in around 1152. Even
though she retained Nablus as part of the settlement, she retired from
politics, though she did remained her son's closest adviser. When her
son Baldwin was absent during the many wars that plagued the Kingdom,
she was guardian of the kingdom. She lived (1105-61).
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1128-.. Regent Dowager Countess Isabella of Amboise (France) |
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Following the death of her husband, Hugo, she was regent for her son
Sulpisius.
(d. after 1143). |
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1129 Sovereign Countess Ermesinde I of Luxembourg |
Became the heiress to Luxembourg after the death of her
nephew Conrad II, the son of her brother Guillaume I. She transferred
the title to her own son from her second marriage, Henri "The Blind"
of Namur.
Married to Adalbert of the Nordgau, of Dagsburg and Godefroi I,
Count of Namur, who died 1143. |
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Until 1129 Sovereign Countess Adélaïde de Provence of Forcalquier
(France) |
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Married to Armengeol IV, comte d'Urgel,
and succeeded by son Guillaume III d'Urgel, who died the same year as
she. |
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1130-1163 Sovereign Princess Constance I of Antiochia, Dame
of Latakia and Jabala (Syria) |
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Only child of Bohemond II and Alix of Jerusalem. After the death of
her first husband, Renaud I de Poitou (1099-49), she refused calls for
her to remarry quickly. Instead she ruled jointly with the Patriarch
Aimery, and first allied herself with Emperor Manuel I Comnenos of
Constantinople and then with her uncle, king Baudouin of Jerusalem. In
1153 she married Renaud de Chatillon (1125-87), who was taken prisoner
in 1160 leaving her with the sole government again. With the help of
Manuel - to whom she married her daughter Xenia-Maria (Regent of The
Byzantine Empire 1180-82) - she fought off attempts to have her son
Bohemond III (1144-1201) installed as ruler with the Patriarch as
regent, but when he turned 18 in 1163 the people rioted, she was
deposed and sent in exile. Her two other daughters were Agnes, who was
married to king Bela III of Hungary and Alix who was married to
Margrave Azzo VI d'Este.
Constance
lived (1126-1163/67). |
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1130-36 Regent Princess Alice of Jerusalem of Antiochia (Syria)
1130-after 37 Dame of Latakia and Jabala |
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Reigned in the name of her daughter, Constance, against the opposition of the nobles
and other pretenders to the regency after the death of her husband Bohemond II. After her daughter's marriage she withdrew to her dowry.
Alice was daughter of King Baudouin II and Morphia de Meltiene and
sister of Queen Melisende. She lived (1108-after 37). |
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Around 1130 Sovereign Countess Margaret Håkonsdatter of Orkney
(England in United Kingdom) |
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Daughter of Håkon Pålson (1103-22) and Helga Maddannsdatter, daughter
of the Count of Caithnes, and first married to Maddad/Madoch, Earl of
Athol, and secondly Erland "the Young" Haraldsson in 1134 mad she
ruled jointly with both husbands of parts of the Orkney Islands. Her
son, Harald Maddadson, was Earl (1139-1206). She was (b. ca. 1108). |
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Around 1130-after 1147 Hereditary Countess Agnes of Saarbrücken
(Germany) |
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Married Frederich II Hohenstaufen, Duke of Schwaben und Franken, who
lived (Ca. 1090-1147) as his second wife. Apparently mother of Judith
(1135-91), who married Ludwig II of Thüringen (1128-72). Agnes (d.
after 1147). |
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1130-36 Reigning Abbess
Heilka
III von Kirchberg of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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Followed on the post by Kunigunde II von Kirchberg. |
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1130-52 Countess-Abbess Luitgard II of Gandersheim (Germany)
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Reformed the convents of Clus and Brunshausen, which belonged to the
chapter. In 1148 a Princely Assembly (Fürstentag) took place in the
territory. |
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1131-41 De-facto Ruler Queen Helene of Serbia of Hungary
1141-... Regent of the Kingdom |
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Influential during the reign of her husband Beta II the Blind, and
after his death she assumed the regency for son, Geza II (1130-41-61). |
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1132-72 Sovereign Countess Beatrix of Maguelone de Susbstancion
et de Melgueil (France) |
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Malegone was a county on the Lancedoc coast of Bretagne. It was a
pontifical fief under the sovereignty of the Pope in Auvignon.
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