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Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
WOMEN IN
POWER
1250-1300
Female
leaders
and women in other positions of political authority
of independent states and
self-governing understate entities
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1250-1315 Sovereign Countess Marguerite
de Neuilly
of Passava and Akova (Greece) |
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The
county was known as Passe-avant at the time, and she succeeded her
father, Jean II.
She first married Guibert de Cors, then Guglielmo
da Verona, Lord
of that part of Eubśa around Oreos and thirdly to
Jean de Saint-Omer of Thebes. She
was sent as a hostage to Constantinople in 1262 to secure the
release of Guillaume de Villehardouin Prince of Achaia, whose niece
she was. In Akova she was the heiress of her uncle Gautier II de
Rozičres, baron of Akova (Matagrifon) but was unable to claim her
inheritance within 2 years and 2 days due to her absence and Prince
Guillaume therefore declared her inheritance forfeit. Her third
husband demanded the return of her inheritance, which was refused by
a specially summoned parliament at Glarentza. Prince Guillaume
granted 1/3 of the barony to Marguerite as a concession, granting
the other two-thirds to his own daughter Marguerite. She was daughter
of Jean de Neuilly, Baron of Passava. |
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1250-96 Sovereign Princess Felicia dalle Carceri of Karysto
and
Sovereign Countess
of The Second Triarchy of Euboea |
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Succeeded brother-in-law. From 1276-96 The Byzantine Empire ruled the
state with her as vassal. She reigned jointly with Otto de Cicone.
Succeeded by Licarius. |
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1250-54 Sovereign Countess Yolande de Châtillon
of Tonnerre (France) |
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Successor of her brother, married to Archambaud
IX de Bourbon, succeeded by daughter, Mathilde II, even though her
grandmother, Mathilde I de Courtenay was still alive. Yolande
lived (circa 1221-1254). |
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1251-55
Regent
Dowager Duchess
Catherine de Limbourg
of Lorraine (France)
1251-55 Reigning Dowager Lady of Bitche and Gondreville |
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After the
death of her husband, 1225 Mathieu II (1193-1251), she became regent
for their son, Ferry III (1240-1302), and her term in office was
marked by warious conflicts with local magnates and cities. She was
daughter of Countess Ermesinde de Luxembourg and Count Waléran
III de Limbourg, mother of 5 children, and lived (circa 1215-55). |
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1251-67 Hereditary Duchess Margarethe von Babenberg of
Österreich (Austria) |
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After her brother, Friedrich's death in 1246 she was the heir of
Österreich and Steiermark, but her niece, Gertrud and husband, held
the duchy in a titular capacity until she and her second husband,
Premysl Otakar II of Bohemia (1230-78), prevailed in the fight for
the succession. She was the widow of King Heinrich of Germany
(1211-27-42) and in 1261 her second husband disowned her. Both her
sons predeceased her. She lived
(1204-67). |
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After 1251 Mahamandalesvara Ganapamba of Guntur (India) |
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Initially Joint sovereign with her husband, her title after 1251
indicates an individual reign. She was daughter of emperor Ganapati
in Andhra, who was succeeded by her older sister, Rudradeva, who
reigned from 1259. |
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Circa 1251-before 98
Sovereign Lady
Marchesina Ghisi of
Skyros, Skiathos and
Skopelos (Greece) |
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Succeeded her father,
Geremia Ghisi, the Lord of Andros.
Married to Lorenzo Tiepolo who was elected Doge of Venice in 1268. Her
sister, Isabetta was Heiress of the island of Amorgos. |
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Circa 1251-? Sovereign
Lady
Isabetta
Ghisi of Amorgos
(Greece) |
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She succeeded her father,
Geremia Ghisi, the Lord of Andros.
Married to her first cousin, Filippo Ghisi. Her sister, Marchesina
Ghisi, inherited the Lordships of
Skyros, Skiathos and
Skopelos |
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1251-87 Politically Influential Princess Eufemia of Poland
Minor of Oppeln-Ratibor (Opole-Racibórz) (Poland) |
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Politically
active during reign of her husband Duke Władysław I of Opole. The
daughter of Władysław Odonic, Duke of Małopolska and Jadwiga, she
was mother of 5 children, and lived (1239-87). |
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1251-52 Politically Influential Dowager Khanum Sorghaghtani
Beki of The Qagans of the Khanate of the Eastern Turkiut (Xinjiang),
of Qara Khitai (Covering present day's China, Mongolia, Tibet,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan) and of Khurasan (Iran) |
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As the daughter-in-law of Chinggis
Khan, she pointed out that future khans ought to be Chinggis' direct
descendants. The powerful nobles quickly sided with her against the
regent, Khanum Oghul, and her eldest son Mongke emerged as victor.
He was enthroned in 1251, setting in place the accession of the
future rulers of the Mongolian Empire through the Tolui line.
Throughout the first year of her son's rule, her influence and
teaching was felt. She had ensured that her sons received proper
training and the skills in combat and administration necessary to
rule empires. Although she herself was illiterate, she gave them an
education. Understanding what Khubilai Khan would need to rule
China, she introduced him to the concepts of Confucian thought.
Herself she was a Nestorian Christian who patronized a variety of
foreign religions. She was daughter of Jakha Gambu Khan of the
Kerate Tribe. She (d. 1252). |
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1251-? Warrior Princess Khutulun of The Qagans in the Khanate
of the Eastern Turkiut (Xinjiang), of Qara Khitai (Covering present
day's China, Mongolia, Tibet, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and
Turkmenistan) and of Khurasan (Iran) |
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The niece of Kublai Khan, and
relished the military life and loved combat. She even impressed
Marco Polo who described her as so strong and brave that in all of
her father's army no man could out do her in feats of strength. She
never did marry. She accompanied her father on all of his campaigns. |
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1252-61 Regent Dowager Khanum Organa Hatum of the Khanate of
the Eastern Turkiut (Xinjiang), of Qara Khitai (China, Mongolia,
Tibet, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan) and of Khurasan
(Iran)
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Also known as Oroqina Khatun or Orqina Khatum, she was head of the
Ghafa Sid Horde (or Qara Khitai/ Chagataiid Horde) and ruled over a
vast territory after the death of Qara Hulegu as successor of Qara
Hulegu, who reigned 1247-52 and 1252. She was succeeded by Khan
Alughu. She was a Nestorian Christian and was
often mentioned as a great benefactor of
the Christian faith by contemporary Western historians. |
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Circa
1252/53 Sovereign Countess Sophie von Ravensberg in Friesland
(Germany) |
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Left the county to the Bishop of Utrecht. |
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1252-5.. Regent Dowager Princess Lucienne de
Cacammo-Segni of Antiochia and Tripoli (Lebanon) |
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Reigned in the name of her son Boemond VI (1237-75), until she was
removed from the regency. But her son was weak and she continued to
be influential during his reign, and she managed to maintain the
influence of her Roman favourites - much to the consternation of the
Barons. Her sister, Plaisance, was regent of Cypern. Lucienne was
daughter of Grafen Paolo von Cacammmo-Segni and the grandniece of
Pope Innocence III. |
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1252-81 Politically Influential Khanum Chabi of The Qagans Yuan
(Mongolia and China) |
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Assisted her husband, Mongke Khan
in his reign (1251-61), and supported Tibetan monks who began
converting the Mongol elite to Tibetan Buddhism. When Kublai
conquered southern China, Chabi was influential in preventing
revenge. She took measures to maintain the Song imperial family, to
provide them with funds and a palace, not to enslave them or kill
them. |
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1253-61 (†) Regent Dowager Queen Plaisance de Antiochia of
Cyprus
1257-61 (†) Regent of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in Acre (Israel) |
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At the
death of her husband, Henri of Lusignan, her son Hugh II was only a
few months old and she claimed the regency. The High Court of Cyprus
confirmed her in this position, but the Barons in the mainland, in
Akkon (what remained of the former Kingdom of Jerusalem) demanded
that she showed up herself before they would confirm her as regent.
Lord Jean d'Ibelin of Arsuf was bailiff in Jerusalem and she
contemplated marrying his son. In 1258 she tried to strengthen her
position and arrived in Tripoli with her son. The High Court of the
Kingdom assembled, and her brother, Boemond tried to be accepted as
heir to the throne of Cyprus in the absence of, grandson of Emperor
Frederik II and Queen Maria of Jerusalem, but this was rejected and
the royal family was drawn into the civil war between the Genoese,
Venetians, Hospitallers and the Templars. A majority was in favour
of Plaisance's regency, and she returned to Cyprus after having
reappointed Jean d'Ilbelin as bailiff. She was daughter of Boemond V
of Antiochia and Lucienne de Cacammo-Segni, and lived
(1236-61) |
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1253-5.. Regent Dowager Princess Marguerite de
Dampierre-Bourbon of Navarra and Champagne (Spain and France) |
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Following the death of her husband, Thibaut, who succeeded his father
as Count of Champagne and mother, Queen Blanca, as king of Navarra,
Marguerite was regent for her son Thibaut II (also Thibaud V de
Champagne).
She (d. 1256). |
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1253-82 Rani Regnant Sri Uma Devi of Travancore (India) |
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The Kulusekhara Dynasty of
Travancore (or Tiruvankur) is of very ancient lineage, tracing its
origins to the Royal House of Vanad and dating from 1100 AD. They
attained considerable power during the reign of Ravi Varma
Kulasekhara, during the early years of the fourteenth century. Marco
Polo claimed to have visited his capital at Quilon, a centre of
commerce and trade with China and the Levant. |
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1253-54 Keeper and Governor Queen Eleanor de Provence of
England (06.08-29.05) |
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Appointed to "keep and govern the
realm of England and the lands of Wales and Ireland", with the
counsel of Richard, earl of Cornwall, when her husband since 1236,
Henry III, was away in France to defend his territories in Gascogne.
She was advised by a Council, but she was in charge of the
government, even when giving birth to a daughter in November.
Eleanor was very influential during her husband's reign. Her
determined resistance to baronial reform and her key part in
bringing about the fall of Simon de Montfort's government invite new
appraisal. After her husband's death in 1271 she was the only person
in the realm anointed to the royal estate, she gave her consent to
the breaking of the old seal and making of the new and the
declaration of the new king, Edward I's peace, but she did not act
as regent in the period until Edward returned to England. As a widow
she was in control of her big dowry in Amesbury. In 1286 she entered
a convent, but was still consulted by her son, Edward I, from time
to time. She was daughter of Raymond Bergengar, count of Provence
and Beatrice of Provence. Her sister Marguerite was married to Louis
IX of France, Sancha to Richard, Earl of Cornwall and the youngest
Beatrice to Charles, Count d'Anjou. The youngest sister inherited
Provence. Eleanor was mother of nine children of whom four survived
to adulthood.
She lived (1217/23-91). |
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1253-59 Regent Dowager Countess Cecilia del Balzo of Savoy,
Moriana and Chablais, Aosta and Susa (Italy) |
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After the death of her husband, Amedeo IV, Count of Savoia, Moriana
and Chablais, Prince-Bailiff of the Duchy of Aosta and Duke of
Aosta, Marquis of Susa, Marquis in Italy and Imperial Vicar in "All
of Italy", she was regent for her son, Bonifacio I (1244-63) in all
his territories. Her stepdaughters, Beatrice and Margherita were
invested with a number of lordships from the family possessions.
(1275). |
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1253-59 Lady Beatrice di Savoia of Busca, Roncaglia, Fontanile
and Scarnafiggi (Italy) |
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Oldest daughter of Count Amedeo IV of Savoy and his first wife, Anne
di Borgogna, and was first married to Manfredo III Marchese di
Saluzzo and then to Manfredi I Hohenstaufen, King of Sicily. Her
half-brother, Bonifacio I, was Count of Savoy etc.
(1244-53-63). She (d. 1259). |
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1253-54 Lady Margherita di Savoia of delle Valli di Matthie,
Collegno e Pianezza (Italy) |
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Like her sister she was invested with a number of Lordships after the
death of their father, Count Amedeo IV of Savoy. She was married to
Bonifacio II Marchese del Monferrato (d. 1253), and (d. 1254).
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1253 Hereditary Countess Adelheid von Tirol (Austria) |
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Daughter of Count Albrecht IV and Uta von Fronthausen, her husband
Meinhard III von Görtz became Count of Tirol. She died (1275/79). |
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1253-1305 Countess Abbess Margarete I von Plessen of
Gandersheim (Germany) |
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The protection by a Marshall of the
chapter (Schutzvogtei) ended in 1259, and the chapter of the realm
thereby reached the height of its power. Margarete I was born as
"Edle Frau" or Noble Lady. |
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1253-60
Reigning
Abbess-General Elvira
Fernández
of the Monastery of Santa Maria la
Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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By the
favour of the king, she was invested with almost royal prerogatives, and
exercised an unlimited secular authority over more than fifty villages. |
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1254-63 Reigning Dowager Duchess Anna of Mačva (Serbia)
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In the Middle Ages Macva was part
of the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Serbia. During the
Hungarian rule the region was territory of several powerful bans.
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1254-62 Sovereign Countess Mahaut II de Dampierre of Tonnerre
1257-62 Sovereign Countess of Auxerre, and Nevers, Dame
de Bourbon, Perche-Goët, Montjoy, Thorigny, Broigny, et de Saint-Aignan,
Baroness
de Donzy (France) |
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Also known as Mathilde II, she was
daughter of Yolande de Châtillon-sur-Marne and Archambault IX de
Dampierre, Seigneur de Bourbon - Count and Countess of Tonnerre. She
succeeded her grandmother, Mahaut I, (Countess of Nevers 1199,
Countess of Auxerre and Tonnerre 1219) in the other possessions, and
was joint ruler with her husband Eudes de Bourgogne (d. 1269). After
her death in 1262, her husband administered the counties until his
death, and after that they remained vacant until her three daughters
received their inheritance in 1273. Alix de Bourgogne became
Countess of Auxerre; Yolande became Countess of Nevers and
Marguerite Countess of Tonnerre.
Mahaut lived (1249-62). |
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1255-57 Regent Dowager Khanum Boraqcin of Hwarizim Sahi (or the
Khanate of Kipchak) (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan) |
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When her husband, Batu, who was
khan (1227-55), died his son and heir, Sartaq, had gone to pay court
to Grand Khan Mongka, his father's friend. But he died before he
could return home to the Khanate of Kipchak. Mongka nominated the
young prince Ulagci, who was either the brother or son of Sartaq and
she became regent of the Mongol tribe (The Golden Horde) in West
Turkistan, roughly covering present day Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. |
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1255-70 Hereditary Countess Margaretha von Hohenstaufen of
Altenburg, Zwickau, Chemnitz etc.
(Germany) |
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Daughter of Emperor Friedrich II Hohenstaufen and Isabella of England.
She married Albrecht II von Thüringen, who committed adultery with
Kunigunde von Eisenberg. Margaretha escaped to Frankfurt where she
died after 6 weeks.
She lived (1241-70). |
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1255.... Regent Dowager Duchess Catherine van Limburg of
Haute-Lorraine (Ober-Lothringen) (France) |
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As widow of Duke Matthias II, she
was regent for her son, Friedrich III (1238-1303). Her rule was
marked by the fightings between Bar, Luxembourg and Champagne who
all claimed the lordship of Ligny and she also engaged in fighting
with Neufchatel in Switzerland. In 1255 her son was declared free of
her guardianship, and she died shortly after. She was daughter of
Walram IV of Limburg-Luxemburg and Ermensinde II of Luxembourg,
lived (circa 1215-circa
1255). |
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1255 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth I of Fraumünster, Dame
of Zürich (Switzerland) |
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The Ecclesiastical Territory
included the City of Zürich and many possessions in Uri Schwyz. |
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1255-1269 Princess-Abbess Machtild III von Wunnenberg of
Fraumünster, Dame of Zürich (Switzerland)
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Member of a noble family, which held lordships in both Switzerland and
Germany. |
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1256-98
Margravine Regnant Isabella van Luxembourg of Namour/Namen
(Belgium) |
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Daughter of Hendrik V and Marguerite de Bar and succeeded after a
succession between her father and Guy de Dampierre, her later
husband and they co-ruled the Margravate. Mother of three children,
and lived (1247-98). |
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1257-82 Regent Dowager Sultan Turhan Hatun 'Ismat ad-Duyan
Wa’l-Din of Qutlug Khan (Iran) |
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Also known as Qutlug or Kutlugh, she ruled as regent for son Sultan
Haggag (Hağğağ) until 1267, and afterwards alone. She had the khutba
(prayer for the sovereign) proclaimed in the mosques, the ultimate
sign of legitimate reign. She was deposed by Ahmad Teguder and
replaced by her stepson as ruler of Qutluq Khan or Kirman. Her
daughter, Padisha, later reigned the Kingdom of Kirman. |
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1257-80 Dame Margaretha de Brabant of Mechelen and Antwerpen
(Belgium) |
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Also known as Marguerite, she was second daughter of Duke Jean III de
Brabant and married to Louis de Male, count of Flanders, Nevers und
Rethel. After the Brabrandian succession-war she got the title of
Dame de Mechelen and Antwerpen. She was heiress-presumptive of
Limburg and Brabant after her sister, Duchess Jeanne. Mother of
Margaretha II de Male, who succeeded her aunt. She lived (1323-80). |
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1257-59 Reigning Abbess Kühnheit Pinzinger of Niedermünster in
Regensburg (Germany) |
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The chapter had been placed
directly under the king as the other states in Germany in 1002 and
was granted royal protection and, immunity. |
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1257-64 Reigning Abbess
Bertha de Augea of Wald, Lady of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and
Ennigerloh (Germany) |
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The chapter was a major landowner and also held lower jurisdiction in
a number of surrounding villages. |
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1258-66 Regent Dowager Countess Aleid van Holland of Holland
and Zeeland (The Netherlands)
1280-84 Regent of Hainault (Belgium) |
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Also known as
Aleydis or
Aleid van Avesnes. Even though his mother was still alive, she became
regent for her
nephew Floris V after the death of her brother, Willem II. Another
nephew, Henri III of Brabant, was joint regent until his death in
1261.
Her rule was opposed by her
brother Floris and and Countess Margaretha van Vlaanderen, and she
sought help by Otto II van Gelre, but he deposed her instead. After
that Floris V took over the government in 1266 he made a deal with
her over her dowry and continued to seek advice by her.
Her son Jan II of Hainault became count of Holland 1299 after having
been regent for Floris V's son Jan I (b. 1284-96-99).
She was daughter of
Floris IV, Count of Holland (1210-1234), and Machteld Duchess van
Brabant (circa 1200-1267), and had been married to Jan I, graaf van
Avesnes (d. 1257), and lived
(circa 1230-84). |
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1259-66 Regent Dowager Queen Margrethe Sambiria of Denmark
1266-82 Reigning Dowager Lady of Estonia and Virland and of
Lolland-Falster |
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Also known as Margrethe Sprćnghest, she was regent for her son Erik 5.
Klipping after the death of her husband, Christoffer I. She fought
against the powerful Archbishop Jakob Erlandsen. In 1261 she and her
son were taken prisoner in Germany. The next year she returned
together with Albrecht of Braunshweig and Erlandsen left the
country. She managed to persuade Pope to accept the idea of female
succession to the Danish throne, though not to her daughters having
succession-rights before male relatives in other lines. Estonia was
her dowry which she controlled from Lolland-Falster another Dowry in
the South of Denmark. Remained influential to her death. She was
daughter of Duke Sambor I of Pomerania and Mechtilde of Mecklenburg.
lived circa
(1230-82). |
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1259 Regent Princess Rudradeva of Kakatiyas (India)
1262-95/96 Rani Regnant |
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Originally named Rudramba, she was also known as
Rani Rudrama Devi or Rudramadevi, and was
the eldest daughter of Emperor Ganapati in Andhra. She was formally designated as a son through the
ancient Putrika ceremony and given the male name of Rudradeva and
declared the queen-designate. She was trained in horse riding,
fighting and military tactics. After her father's death, she ruled
her empire ably, winning battles. She was succeeded by grandson,
Ptatapa who had been co-ruler since before 1293. Her sister
Ganapamba was the joint sovereign of Guntur with her husband. After
1251 the sister was titled Mahamandalesvara, indicating individual
reign. |
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1259-? Reigning Abbess Jutta of Obermünster in Regensburg
(Germany) |
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It is not known how long time she
reigned but Gertrud II who took over as head of the state in 1265. |
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1259-61 and 1271-73 Reigning Abbess Wilburg von Lobsingen of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
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Possibly Acting Head of the State in 1257. Her family, the nobles von
Lobsingen, had been in charge of the castle of Lobsingen for four
generations from 1133 until 1277. |
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1260-62 Regent Dowager Princess Turhan Hatun of Banu-Salgar
(Iran) |
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In 1260 the Mongol Empire was
fragmented into four states: The Golden Horde in the West, Il-Khans
in Persia, The Chagatai Empire in Mongolia, and Kublai Khan in
China. The Mongols in Persia were further divided into a number of
smaller states in addition to the Il-Khans. One of them was
Banu-Salgar. |
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1260-1300 Sovereign Viscountess Alix I de Dreux of Chateaudun,
Dame de Mondoubleau and Saint Calais (France) |
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Succeeded mother, Clémence de Chateaudun, and reigned under the
regency of her uncle, Simon de Dreux, the brother of her father,
Robert de Dreux. She married Raoul de Clermont, Seigneur de Nesle,
who died in battle 1302. She was succeeded by her only daughter,
Alix II, and lived (1255-1300). |
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1260/70 Regent Dowager Countess Béatrix de Savoie
of Viennois, d'Albon, Grenoble and
Gap (France) |
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Following the death of her husband, Guigues VII, Dauphin de Viennois,
Comte d'Albon et Grenoble (circa 1225-1269/70) she was regent for son,
Jean. She was Dame de Faucigny in her own right and lived (circa
1237-1310). |
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circa 1260-65 Sovereign Countess
Adélaďde de Brabant of
Boulogne (France) |
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When her cousin,
Mahaut II de Dammartin, died without direct heirs, the Parlement de
Paris decided in her favour among the various possible heirs. She
was daughter of Mathilde de Boulogne and Henri I de Brabant and
widow of
Guillaume X de Clermont, comte d'Auvergne and her
son Robert, Comte de Auvergne (circa 1225-47-77) became co-ruler in
her lifetime and succeeded upon her death. She lived (circa
1190-1265). |
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1260-1314 Reigning Dowager Lady Dowager Countess
Margarete von von Are-Hostaden of the County of Hückeswagen in Berg
(Germany) |
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Wife of Adolf IV.
von Berg (1246-59). Daughter of Count Lothar I von Are-Hochstaden and
Mathilde von Vianden, mother of 5 sons and 1 daughter, and lived
(1214-1314). |
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1260-75 Countess-Abbess Gertrudis I von Anhalt of Gernrode and
Frose (Germany) |
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Also known as Gertrud, she was daughter of Count Heinrich I of Anhalt
and Irmgard von Thüringen. |
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1260-62
Reigning
Abbess-General Eva
of the Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
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Like Bishops, she held her own courts, in civil and criminal cases,
granted letters dismissorial for ordination, and issued licenses
authorizing priests, within the limits of her abbatial jurisdiction,
to hear confessions, to preach, and to engage in the cure of souls. |
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1261-67 De Facto Ruler Queen Maria Laskarina of Hungary in
Croatia and Dalmatia |
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Married to King Bela IV of Hungary (1235-70), she used much of his
reign trying to curtail the power of the magnates and set out to
recover the crown lands his father had given to supporters.
Confronted by the menace of the Mongol invasion, he sent unheeded
appeals to Pope Gregory IX and Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II, but
he was defeated in 1241. Returning after the withdrawal of the
invaders, he repopulated the country by inviting
foreign colonization. Bela's long struggle with Ottocar II, king of
Bohemia, for Austria and Styria ended in defeat in 1260. His last
years were disturbed by the rebellion of his son, King Stephen V
(1270-72), who forced him to share the kingdom. Maria was involved
in the struggle and was de-facto ruler of parts of the kingdom. She
was born as Princess of Nicaea and (d. 1270). |
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1261-85 Politically Influential Queen Kunigunda Rostislavna of
Kiev of Bohemia (Czech Republic) |
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A dominant force during the reign
of her husband, King Otakar II of Bohemia, who had dicored his first
wife, Margrethe von Habsburg who was unable to have children.
Kunigunda was especially influential when it came to the politics
towards Hungary. After his death she tried to convince both King
Rudolf von Habsburg and Otto V. von Brandenburg, who had been named
guardians for her son Vaclav (1271-1305), that her late husband had
designated her as guard and regent of the realm. She made a truce
with Rudolf, but Otto took her and her son prisoner and took control
over Bohemia. Rudolf attacked Otto and she was released together
with her son, and was in charge of only the province surrounding
Prauge. In 1284 she married Count Zawisch von Falkenstejn and
Rozmberk, who acted as the real ruler after Vaclav was released from
the regency in 1283 at the age of 12. Kunigunde was daughter of
Grand Prince Rostislaw II of Kiev and Anna of Hungary, and lived
(circa 1245-85). |
|
|
1261-63
Regent Dowager Princess
Terken Khatun of Fars (Iran) |
|
After the death of her husband, Atabeg Sa'd II bin Abi Bakr bin Sa'd
bin Zangi, she was duly confirmed by ruler of Fars by the
Ilkhan Hülegü. She then married a kinsman, presumably as part of
some now forgotten dynastic pact, but he killed her in a drunken
frenzy and subsequently rebelled against the Ilkhan. After his
defeat and death in 1263/64, Hülegü nominated her infant daughter,
Abish Khatun to be the ruler of Fars. |
|
|
1261-82 Sovereign Countess Marguerite I of Bourgogne (France) |
|
Succeeded son of her sister Jeanne II. Marguerite I married Louis II,
Count of Flanders. The husbands of her daughter, Marguerite:
Philippe de Rouvre and Philippe de France were Dukes of Bourgogne in
the same period. |
|
|
1261-circa 64
Hereditary Countess Heilwig von Tecklenburg (Germany) |
|
Daughter of Count Otto I. von Tecklenburg and
Mechthild von Holstein-Schauenburg and married to Otto II von
Bentheim-Tecklenburg (d. circa 1279).
Her oldest son was Otto III of
Tecklenburg, the second Ekbert I. of Bentheim and her daughter
Gertrud was Abbess of Metelen from 1287
|
|
|
1261-62 Reigning Abbess Tutta IV von Putingen of Niedermünster
in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
At the time Regensburg was the
major city of Germany and the seat of the Diet of the Holy Roman
Empire. |
|
|
1261-82 Reigning Abbess Sara de
Mernis of Bourbourg,
Lady of Oxelaere, Noordpeene, Faumont and Coutiches
(France) |
|
The abbey came under the sovereignty of France as part of "French Flanders". |
|
|
1262-73 Reigning Abbess Gertrud II von Stein of Niedermünster
in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Member of a Bavarian freiherrliche (free lord) family. |
|
|
1262-88 Sovereign Countess Agnes de Dampierre of Bourbon
(France) |
|
Succeeded sister, Mahaut II and reigned jointly with husbands Jean de
Bourgogne (d. 1268) and Robert I d'Artois. Succeeded by daughter
Béatrix de Bourgogne. |
|
|
1262-90 Sovereign Countess Alix de Bourgogne of Auxerre
(France) |
|
Youngest daughter of Mahaut II and
succe she was joint ruler with husband Jean I de Châlons, sire de Rochefort
(1243-76-90-1309), who was succeeded by their son, Guillaume de
Châlon-Auxerre, after her death. Alix lived (1251-90). |
|
|
1262–Circa 1270 Regent Dowager Duchess Perejasława Halicka of
Mazowsze
1270 –76/79 Co-Ruler of Mazowsze (Poland) |
|
After the death of her husband Duke Siemowit I of Masovia, she was
regent for sons Bolesław II and Konrad II and afterwards joint ruler
with them. She was daughter of king Daniel of Halicz (in present day
Ukraine). (d.
1283). |
|
|
1262-... Sovereign Countess Grapela dalle Carceri of The First
Triarchy of Euboea (Greece) |
|
Succeeded by Gaetano. |
|
|
1262-93 Sovereign Lady Isabelle de Reviers of The Isle of
Wight (United Kingdom) |
|
Other versions of her surname were de Redvers or de Vernon. She
succeeded brother. After the death of her husband, William de
Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle, she was styled Countess of Albemarle
and Devon and Lady of the Isle of Wight. Her chief residence was
Carisbrooke Castle. She was mother of 3 sons, John, Thomas and
William, and 2 daughters, Alice and Aveline, who survived her sister
and the brothers. King Edward I negotiated the purchase of the
Island with Isabella, who sealed the conveyance on her deathbed, but
its validity was questioned in parliament. Edward eventually managed
to purchase the Island for the sum of 6.000 marks and appointed
wardens over it. |
|
|
1262-.. Princess-Abbess Mathilde IV von Hardenberg of Essen
(Germany) |
|
Succeeded by Agata, or Hemelburg
von Hardenberg, but it is not known when. |
|
|
1262-66
Reigning Abbess-GeneralUrraca
Alfonso
of the Monastery of Santa Maria la
Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
In virtue of her office as Abbess
she was privileged also to confirm Abbesses, to impose censures, and
to convoke synods. |
|
|
1263-64 Regent Dowager Princess Isabella de Soissons of Acre
(Lebanon) |
|
Reigned in the name of her son, Conradin. Her
mother, Alix de Champagne was regent of Jerusalem (1243-46).
|
|
|
1263-64 (†) Regent Princess Isabella of Cyprus |
|
When Queen Plaisance of Cypern died in 1261 her son Hugo II was eight
years old, at first Isabella's son was appointed regent because the
Supreme Court thought a man would be a better regent than a woman,
but in 1263 Isabella and her husband, Henri de Poitou of Antiochia
(d. 1276), came to Cyprus and the nobles paid homage to her as
regent, but she died the following year. As the younger daughter of
King Hugo I Lusignan of Cypern and Alice de Champagne-Blois she was
Heiress Presumptive of Jerusalem, since her mother was the daughter
and Heiress Presumptive of King Henri I of Jerusalem and Princess
Isabella d'Anjou of Jerusalem. Isabella's oldest son, Hugo III, was
king of Cyprus (1235-84) and her daughter, Marguerite
Titular-Princess of Antiochia and Lady of Tyros and lived (before
1244-1308) and married to Jean de Montfort, Lord of Tyros (d. 1289).
Isabella lived (circa 1215-64). |
|
 |
1263-75 Atabeg Regnant Abisha Hadud Khatun of Fars (Iran)
1283-87 Governor of Fars |
|
Also known as Abish Khatun or
Aubee Khatton,
she was nominated as ruler by the Ilkhan of the Khwarazham Empire in
Persi, after her mother, Terken Khatun, was killed. Her
name was read in the khutha and struck on the coinage.
In 1274, when she was about fifteen, she was taken to the Ilkhan's
ordu
(Court), and married to Tash-Möngke (Mengü Temür), a younger son of
Hülegü This was a marriage, forbidden in Islamic law, between a
Muslim woman and a shamanist, but presumably the will of the Ilkhan
transcended all other considerations. She became his chief wife and
had two daughters by him, Kürdüjin and Alghanchi. When her husband
was sent as governor to Fars, she was retained in the ordu,
but 1283, the new Ilkhan, Ahmad Tegüder (1282-84), recalled him from
Shiraz and appointed her in his place. Her financial recklessness,
coinciding with a drought throughout Fars, meant that she defaulted
on her revenue payments, so that Ahmad Tegüder's successor, Arghun
(1284-91), ordered her to appear at the ordu. Perhaps relying
on the good offices of Öljei Khatun, Hülegü's widow, to protect her
from the Ilkhan's wrath, she declined to go and behaved outrageously
toward the officials sent to supersede her. She was eventually
forced to capitulate and submitted to the Ilkhan (Öljei Khatun did
indeed intercede for her), dying at the ordu in 1287, after
having lived (circa 1269-87). |
|
|
1263-91 Sovereign Countess Marie of Limoges (France) |
|
Succeeded father Gui VI le Preux and reigned jointly with husband Duke
Arthur de Bretagne (from 1305). He was succeeded in Limonges by
their son, Jean I in 1301. |
|
|
1264 and 1274-76 Regent Dowager Empress Xie Qingdau of China |
|
Following the death of her husband, Emperor Lizong (1224-1264) she
became regent for his nephew, Emperor Duzong (1264-1274). After his
death she again took over the leadership, this time for his son,
Gongdi (1274-76). The Mongols conquered parts of the territory and
massacred the population and in order to prevent further bloodshed
she decided to surrender. The terms were negotiated over three
months and on February 21, 1276, the young Song emperor assembled a
few officials to make obeisance to the North in the Yuan capital
Dadu (Beijing). The Song imperial family was taken captive. Due to
serious illness, Xie left Hangzhou several months later. The
entourage traveled for two months and arrived at Dadu from where
they journeyed to the Yuan emperor's summer residence. There, they
were received by a grand feast and stripped of their titles. Xie was
given tax-free property in Dadu where she lived until her death She
lived (1210-1276). |
|
|
1264-82 Sovereign Dame Isabella of Beirut (Lebanon)
1277-82 Dame de la Roche-sur-l’Ognon |
|
Eldest daughter of John II of
Ibelin, Lord of Beirut and Alice de la Roche of Athens. As a child
she was married to child-King of Cyprus, Hugh II, who died 1267. She
had an affair with Julian of Sidon, and a papal bull was issued
urging her to marry, but as an act of defiance, Isabella gave
herself and her lordship to an Englishman Hamo L'Estrange. On his
death in 1273, she put herself and her fief under the protection of
Barbers. Hugh of Cyprus tried to carry her off. Isabella returned to
Beirut, but this time with a Mameluk guard installed to protect her.
On the death of Barbers, Hugh resumed control of the fief. Isabella
married twice more (Nicholas L'Aleman and William Barlais) before
her death. Succeeded by her sister Eschiva, wife of Humphrey of
Montfort. She lived (circa 1245/50 or 1252-82). |
|
|
1264-77 Sovereign Dame Alice de la Roche of Roche-sur-l’Ognon
(Lebanon)
|
|
Succeeded her husband, Jean II de
Ibelin (1264) and was succeeded by daughter Isabella. |
|
|
1265-80 Sovereign Countess Yolande de Bourgogne of Nevers
(France/Belgium) |
|
Daughter of Eudes de Bourgogne and Mahaut II de Bourgogne of Auxerre,
Nevers, Auxerre and Tonnerre, and reigned jointly with her first
husband Jean Tristan de France, Count de Nevers and Valois
(1250-70), the son of king Louis IX (1215-70) and Marguerite de
Provence. After Jean's death she reigned jointly with her second
husband, Robert de Dampierre, Count de Flanders (1280-1332). Yolande's
sisters succeeded in Auxerre and Tonnerre. |
|
|
1265-97 Sovereign Baroness and Dame Isabelle of Beaujeu
(France) |
|
The daughter of Humbert V, who was
killed in Egypt 1250, and Marguerite de Bauge, Dame de Miribel (d.
ca 1252), she succeeded her brother, and was married to Count Simon
II de Semur-en-Brionnais, seigneur de Luzy; and Renaud d'Albon,
Count de Forez. Another of her sisters, Sibylle, was Dame de
Belleroche.
Isabelle (d. 1297). |
|
|
1265-?
Reigning Abbess Gertrud II of Obermünster in Regensburg
(Germany) |
|
Her background is not known. |
|
|
1265-76
Reigning Abbess
Jeanne de Dreux (de
Brenne)
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
|
The chapter was founded in 1101,
and was unique in the way that the community was placed directly
under the Pope and the King of France. The monks in the
double-convent were commanded by a Prior under the control of the
Abbess. |
|
|
1266-70 Regent Dowager Princess Mathilde von Braunschweig-
Lüneburg of Anhalt-Aschersleben
1275-95 Countess-Abbess Mechtildis I of Gernrode and Frose
(Germany) |
|
Before his death her husband, Heinrich II the Fat von
Anhalt-Aschersleben, had named her regent in the event of his death.
In the beginning she used the name "Mechtild, comitissa Ascharie et
princeps in Anehalt" in the documents, the title of "princeps" soon
went to her sons, Otto I and Heinrich III, and thereafter she did
not issue decrees, she only accepted the decisions of her sons. In
1275 she became Abbess of Gernrode and Frose, and continued as a
mild and just ruler. Daughter of Duke Otto I "the Child" of
Braunschweig and Lüneburg (1204-13-52) and Matilda of Brandenburg
(d.1261), she was mother of 7, resigned as Sovereign of the
Ecclesiastical Territory, and lived (ca.1230-ca.1297/98). |
|
|
1266-96 Countess Lucina de Candida Pistore of Malta,
Lady of Candia |
|
Also known as
Lukina, she was daughter of Guglielmo de Candia Pistore who ruled
1285-1300, but was replaced by Ruggiero de Flohr, Vice Admiral of
Sicily as Count in 1296. She then held
the county as a fief of the Aragonese ruler of Sicily
. She was married to
Raimondo de Moncada and the mother of at least two sons and at least
one daughter. |
|
|
Circa
1266-79 Princess-Abbess Agnes de Salm of Remiremont, Dame of
Saint Pierre and Metz (France)
|
|
Daughter of Count Heinrich III von Salm and Judith de Lorraine. |
|
|
1266-71
Reigning
Abbess-General Urraca Martinez
of the Royal Monastery of Santa
Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
The Abbess of the Royal Abbey
was one of the only abbesses in the history of the Catholic church
to hold quasi-episcopal powers.
|
|
|
1266-70 Abbess Nullius Dameta Donna Paleologina
of the Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto
in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler of Conversano
(Italy) |
|
First abbess of the chapter that
have been given to the congregation of
Cistercian Nuns, that had fled from Greece. The abbey had originally
been founded in 889 as monk cloister placed under direct papal
protection in 1110.
Her position as Abbess Nullius - or "Badesse Mitrate" was confirmed
1267 by Pope Clemente IV. Another version of her surname is
Paleologo, and she might have been a member of the Byzantine
Imperial Family. |
|
|
1266
Reigning Abbess
Hadwig of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and
Ennigerloh (Germany) |
|
Possibly the same as Hedwig, who is mentioned as ruler 1273/74. |
|
|
1267-75 Regent Dowager Duchess Euphrosine von Opplen of
Dobrzyń
and Kujawy-Łęczyca
(Poland) |
|
Also known as Eufrozyna Opolska. After the death of her husband, Duke
Kazimierz of Kujawy, she became regent for her three sons: Władysław
I Łokietek (since 1320 king of Poland), Siemowit and Kazimierz. 1275
she married Duke Mściwój II of Pomorze Gdańskie - they divorced in
1288). She was the daughter of Wiola and Duke Kasimir von
Ratibor-Opplen (Kazimierz of Racibórz-Opole), and lived
(1228/30-1292/94). |
|
|
1267-circa 77 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth I de Brugelette of
Nivelles, Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles
(Belgium) |
|
Apparently the position of Princess-Abbess was vacant 1265-67. |
|
|
1267-70 Sovereign Princess Maria of Lemnos (Stalimene) (Greek
Island-State) |
|
H eld
out against the Byzantines for 3 years after death of her husband, Paolo
Navigajoso, who had been appointed mega dux by the Latin Emperor and held the
island of Lemnos as a fief. And she resisted Byzantine attempts to reconquer it
before she left the island.
|
|
|
1268-77 Sovereign Princess Maria de Antiochia-Poitiers of Acre,
Titular Queen of Jerusalem (Israel)
|
|
Maria II was the daughter-daughter of King Almaric I of Jerusalem and
pretender to the throne against Hugh III de Lusignan, King of Cyprus
and Jerusalem. She ceded her claims to the king of Napoli. After
Jerusalem fell to the Selsjuks the capital of the Latin Kingdom
moved to Acre. |
|
|
1268-1310 Sovereign Countess Béatrix I of Charolais, Dame
de Bourbon et Saint-Just (France) |
|
Daughter of Jean II de Charolais (d. 1268) and Agnčs, Dame de Bourbon
(d. 1283) and married to Robert, Clermont-en-Beauvaisis. |
|
|
1268-1310 Sovereign Baroness Beatrice de Savoie of Faucigny
(France) |
|
Succeeded her parents, Pietro II,
Count of Savoy, Moriana and Chablais, Duke of Aosta, Marquis of Susa
and Marquis in Italia, Count of Richmond etc and Baroness Agnese de
Faucigny (heiress of Aimone I de Faucigny) who both died in 1268.
During her first marriage to Guigues VII, Dauphin de Vienne, Count
d’Albon, she became known as "The Grande Dauphine". After his death
in 1261, she married Gaston VII Viscount dei Béarn (1225 -90). In
1309 she renounced her claims on the County of Savoy.
She lived (1237-1310). |
|
|
1268-81 Sovereign Lady Isabella van Brunesheim Tienen of Breda
(The Netherlands) |
|
Inherited the lordship after the
death of her brother, Hendrik V (1250-54-68), and after her death
her husband, Arnold van Leuven-Gaasbeek took over as Lord until he
was succeeded by their son in 1287. Isabella lived (circa 1250-80). |
|
|
1270-1308 Princess-Abbess Bertradis II of Quedlinburg (Germany)
|
|
Her background is unknown, but she
was probably member of a noble family of Harzen, perhaps daughter of
the Count of Barby. In 1300 she sold the Neustadt outside
Quedlinburg for 1.000 Mark Stendale Silver (stendalischen Silber) to
the Counts of Regenstein because she lacked money.
(d. 1308). |
|
|
1270-98 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth II von Wedtzikon of
Fraumünster, Dame of Zürich (Switzerland) |
|
The Fürstäbtissin was the leading
personality of her time, not only in the political but also in the
cultural life of the City of Zürich. She introduced the Gothic
building style.
More than 140 documents carries her
name and seal, with the introduction: „Allen dien die disen brief
ansehent, künden wir, Elsebetha von gottes genaden Ebetissinne zu
Zürich es Munsters vnd ouch der Samenunk…“
During her reign the Benediktine Abbey was at the heights of its
powers and she gave right to print coins, she leased the customs
office and was involved in the appointment of mayors. She also
played an important role in the external politics of the city and
1273 she received King Rudolf von Habsburg in Zürich „with princely
glitter“. She was daughter of Lord Ulrich von Wetzikon. |
|
|
1270-72 Reigning Abbess
Ita Truchsessin von Waldburg zu Rohrdorf of Wald,
Lady of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh
(Germany) |
|
Possible Great-aunt of Agathe Truchsessin von Meßkirch. |
|
|
1270-79 Claimant Agnes von Baden of the Duchy of Österreich
(Austria) |
|
Only daughter of titular Duchess
Gertrude von Österreich and Margrave Hermann VI von Baden, she was
first married to Duke Ulrich III von Kärnten and after his death to
Count Ulrich von Heunburg in 1269. The following year they claimed
the Austrian inheritance trough her mother, as her brother,
Friederich II von Baden, Titular Duke of Austria, had been beheaded
in Napoli in 1268. Both King Ottokar of Bohemia and King Rudolf von
Habsburg of Hungary forced her to resign her claims, but she
continued her pressure and in the end she was given 6.000 Mark as
compensation. She had no children and lived (1249-95). |
|
|
1271-74 Sovereign Countess Mathilde von Saarbrücken (Germany)
|
|
According to a treaty her father, Simon III had made with the Bishop
of Metz in 1227 first his oldest daughter Laurette and in event that
she should die without heirs Mathilde should inherit the county. But
Bishop Lorenz claimed that female succession did not apply for fiefs
of the Prince-Bishopcy of Metz, and therefore he apparently refused
to pay homage to her as Countess, and had her excommunicated. She
was on good terms with Duke Friedrich von Lothringen, and he
supported her in her fight, but the situation was not cleared by her
death in 1274. First married to Lord Simon II de Commercy and
secondly to Count Amadeus von Mömpelgard (d. 1271). She was
succeeded by her oldest son, Simon IV (d. 1309). Her second son was
Count Walther von Mömpelgard (d. 1306). Mathilde (d. 1274). |
|
|
Until 1271 Sovereign Baroness Helena Angelina of Karytaena,
Corfu etc. (Greece)
|
|
Second wife of Manfred
Hohenstaufen, King of Sicily (d. 1266), whose daughter by the first
marriage to Béatrice of Savoia was Constance, Queen of Sicily. Her
father, Michel Ange, was Depot of Epirus. Her only daughter,
Béatrice Hohenstaufen died young and niece, Isabelle II de
Villehardouin, who was also Princess of Archaia etc., and was the
daughter of her sister, Anne, succeeded her. Karytaena is situated
in the central Peloponnesus, about 65 km. northwest of Mistra and
ancient Sparta. She lived (1242-71). |
|
|
1271-95 Politically influential
Padshah Khatun of Fars (Iran) |
|
Second daughter of Qutluqh Terken's
sister and as
the principal wife of the Ilkhan Abaqa she was well-placed to look after her
mother's and Kirman's interests, and became involved in the intrigues of the
last Qutlugh-Khanid contenders, eventually being strangled in 1295 by order
of the Ilkhan Baydu for her murder of her half-brother, Soyurghatmish.
|
|
 |
Before 1271-83
Princess-Abbess
Herburgis von Ehrenfels
of Göss bei Leoben (Austria)
|
|
The Princess-Abbess was the superior head of the chapter, but the abbot or
provost administered the estates of the clerical ladies, arranged the statues
and appointed the prioress.
|
|
|
1271-73
Reigning
Abbess-General Urraca Diezof
the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos
(Spain)
|
|
Secular ruler of more then 60 lorships, towns and villages in Castilla
and Léon, and head of a number of convents and parishes. |
|
|
1271-96
Abbess Nullius
Isabella I
of the
Royal Convent of Saint Benedetto in Conversano, Temporal and Secular Ruler
of Conversano (Italy) |
|
Confirmed as "Abbassa
Nullius di San Benedetto in Conversano" by Pope Gregorio X in 1273,
who also confirmed the direct papal protection. She was in dispute
with Grand-Vicar Stefano of Conversano. |
|
|
1272-77 Regent Dowager Queen Elisabet Kumanac of Hungary
|
|
After the death of her husband King István V (Stephen) of Hungary
(1270-72) Erzsebet was regent for their son, László IV of Hungary
(1272-90), who was murdered. Rebellious vassals had kidnapped him at
age ten from his father’s court. His minority was an alternation of
palace revolutions and civil wars, in which she barely contrived to
keep the upper hand. In this milieu Ladislaus matured precociously
and was poorly educated, which greatly confined his personalities as
rough and reckless. Her daughters Katalin (Ca 1256-after 1314) was
married to king Stepan IV Dragutin of Serbia (d. 1316), Mária (ca
1257-1323) was married to King Charles II of Naples and Sicily -
recognized as Queen in parts of the country 1290-92, the third
daughter was married to the Tsar of Bulgaria, Erzsébet (1255-1326)
first married Zavis von Rosenberg zu Falkenstein and secondly King
Stepan Uros II Milutin of Serbia and the youngest daughter Ágnes (ca
1260-ca 1281) was married to Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos of
Byzantium. She was daughter of Zayhan, a prince of the Turkish
Nomadic Cuman tribe, which had been pushed into Hungary by the
invasions of Chinghis-Khan, and lived (1240-after 1290). |
|
|
1272-77
De-facto in Charge of the Government
Tsarina Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene of Bulgaria
1277-78 Regent
Dowager Tsarina |
|
According to George Pachymeres, she supported the military coup d'état
of her uncle, Michael VIII Palaiologos, and the she prompted him to
blind the legitimate Emperor Jean IV Laskaris. When Jean's sister,
the Bulgarian tsarina Irene died 1268, her widower, Connstantin, he
married Michael's niece Maria. Quarrels over the surrender of her
promised dowry, the Black Sea ports of Mesembria and Anchialos, made
her side with her husband against her uncle, and the Bulgarian
government entered into an alliance with King Carlos I of Sicily who
was planning a campaign against Michael VIII, who struck back, by
marrying his illegitimate daughter Euphrosyne Palailogina to Nogai
Khan of the Golden Horde, who pillaged Bulgaria in 1274. In the last
years of his reign, her husband was partly paralyzed from a fall off
his horse, and the government was firmly in her hands. She crowned
their son Michael Asen II co-emperor soon after his birth, in about
1272. Her husband was killed during an uprising in 1277 lead by a
swineherd named Ivaylo, who was able to extend his authority across
much of the country, but the capital Tarnovo remained under the
control of her and her son, the new tsar Michael Asen II. Her uncle
then married his eldest daughter Eirene to Ivan Asen III, a
descendant of Bulgaria's ruling dynasty living at the Byzantine
court, and dispatched troops to place him on the throne. This caused
her to marry Ivaylo, who became co-tsar in 1278 with her son, and he
led a successful defense of the Balkan passes against the Byzantine
campaigns and met with success against casual Mongol raids, but in
1279 a major Mongol army blockaded him in the fortress of Dorostolon
on the Danube for three months. A rumor of his death caused panic in
Tarnovo, where the nobility surrendered to a new Byzantine army and
accepted Ivan Asen III as emperor. She was sent into exile together
with her son to Byzantine, where she gave birth to a daughter, whose
name is unknown. She was the second daughter of Ioannes Komnenos
Angelos Kantakouzenos and Eirene Komnene Palaiologina. |
|
|
1272-?
Reigning Abbess
Wilburgis von Leuchtenberg
of Obermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Member of the family of
Landgraves of Leuchtenberg within Bavaria.
It is not known how long she was in
office but
Ryssa I von Leuhtenberg reigned from 1286. |
|
|
1273-99 Sovereign Countess Marguerite d'Anjou-Sicilie of Anjou,
Maine and Perche (France) |
|
Married to the French military leader, Charles de Valois the third son
of king Philippe III. He was a military leader and dominated the
reign in France of his nephew Louis X. When Pedro III of Aragón was
excommunicated in 1284, Pope Martin IV made him king of Aragón and
Sicily but he was defeated and in 1290 renounced his claim. In
return he received Anjou and Maine as part of her dowry. During his
second marriage to Catherine de Courtenay, Titular Empress of
Constantinople, he unsuccessfully sought to obtain the crowns of the
Byzantine and Holy Roman empires. His third wife was Mahaut de
Châtillon-sur-Marne, Countess of St. Pol. (from 1344) Marguerite was
daughter of Charles II of Sicily, Napoli and Jerusalem and Maria of
Hungary, and among her 6 children was Philippe VI, who succeeded to
the French throne in 1328. She lived (1273-99). |
|
|
1273-80 Sovereign Countess Yolande de Bourgogne
of Nevers (France) |
|
Oldest
daughter Mahaut II de Dampierre of Nevers, d'Auxerre et de Tonnerre
(1249-57-62) and Eudes de Bourgogne (d. 1269), she and her two
sisters divided the inheritance in 1173. She first married Jean
Tristan of France, Count of Valois (d. 1270), secondly Robert de
Béthune, the future Count of Flanders. She was succeeded by her son
Louis I (1280-1322), who married Countess Jeanne de Rethel.
|
|
|
1273-93 Sovereign Countess Marguerite de Bourgogne of Tonnerre
(France) |
|
Second daughter of Mahaut II de Dampierre, she was married to Charles
d'Anjou, King of Sicily and Napoli, Count of Anjou, Maine and
Tonnerre. In 1293 she left the county to her nephew, Guillaume de
Châlon-Auxerre (1279-1304), son of her sister Alix. She lived
(1254-93). |
|
|
1273-87
Reigning
Abbess-General
María Gutiérrez IIof
the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos
(Spain)
|
|
The Abbess of the Chapter also held the position of Abbess General of
the Order for the Kingdom of Leon and Castile since 1189. |
|
|
1273-76 Reigning Abbess Elisabeth I von Stauf of Niedermünster
in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
In another list of Abbesses of
Niedermünster she is named Stauffin von Stauffenburg. |
|
|
1273/74
Reigning Abbess
Hedwig of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald,
Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
|
Could be the same as Hadwig. |
|
|
1274-1305 Queen Regnant Juana I of Navarra, Countess of
Champagne and Brie (Spain and France) |
|
Also known as Jeanne, and at the age of 13 she was married to king
Philippe V of France (1268-1314), who became king of Navarra by the
right of his wife. She left him to reign in Navarra and stayed in
Champagne, and at one time led
an army against the Count de Bar when he rebelled against her.
Mother of 7 children. Her three surviving sons: Louis X of France,
Philip V and Charles IV all became kings of France and Navarra, and
her only surviving daughter, Isabelle, married king Edward II of
England. She died under mysterious circumstances; one chronicler
even accused her husband of having killed her. She lived (circa
1271-1305). |
|
|
1274-76 Regent Dowager Queen Blance d’Artois of Navarra and the
Counties Troyes and Meaux
1274-84 Regent of the Counties of Champagne and Brie
(Spain and France) |
|
After the death of her husband Henri I (1270-74), she was regent for
daughter Juana I, and various powers, both foreign and from Navarra,
sought to take advantage of the minority of the heiress and the
weakness of the female regent. She left the administration of
Navarra to King Philippe III of England after her marriage to Edmund
Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245-1296), brother of Edward I
of England, and they administered Champagne until Juana came of age
in 1284. She was the daughter of count Robert I of Artois, and the
granddaughter of Louis VIII of France, mother of four children with
her second husband, and lived (circa 1248 -1300). |
|
|
1274-76 Regent Dowager Queen Xi of Jiling (China) |
|
Reigned for grandson Zhao Xian and died as a nun in Tibet in 1296. In
1276 Queen Yang became regent for her stepson. |
|
|
1275 Regent Dowager Princess Sibylle of Armenia of Antiochia
and Tripoli (Syria) |
|
When her husband, Boemond VI died, King Hugo, claimed the post of
regent of Tripoli as the oldest adult of the family, but she had
already taken over the regency for her 14 year old son, Boemond VII,
according to the ancient traditions of the family. She evacuated her
son to the court of her brother, Leo III of Armenia, and appointed
Bishop Bartholomćus of Tortosa to reign the city in her name.
Boemond died in 1287 and was succeeded by his sister, Lucia, but she
lived in Italian Apulia, and the nobles and citizen of Tripoli were
not keen on a foreign Princess as their ruler, so they offered
Sibylle the County of Tripoli. She accepted and wrote Bartholomćus
asking him to act as her representative, but the letter was
intercepted, the nobles withdrew their offer, declared that the
dynasty had been deposed and a Commune had taken it's place, but the
following year Lucia arrived and took the position of Princess and
Countess. Sibylle withdrew to her brother's court in Armenia. She
was daughter of Queen Zabel of Armenia and King Hethum of Armenia
and lived (circa 1240-90). |
|
|
1275-80 Sovereign Countess
Isabelle
I de la Roche of Karythaena,
Co-Heiress of Thebes (Greece) |
|
On the death of
her first husband,
Geoffroi de
Briel de Bruyčres.
the lordship of Karytena escheated to Guillaume
de Villehardouin Prince of Achaia, who then allowed her to retain
half of it as her portion. Also known as Jezebel I, she
reigned jointly with second husband, Hugues de Brienne, Count of
Lecce from 1277. Mother of two children by her second husband. Today
the he territory is known as Skorta and it is situated in Central
Peloponnesus. |
|
|
Until 1275 Co-Ruler Ballamahadevi of the Barahkanyapura
Province in Karnataka (India)
1275-92 Regent |
|
The province was situated in Barkur
in the South Kanara District of Karnataka. She assisted her husband,
Vira Pandyadeva, in administering his province from Barahkanyapura.
After his sudden death she was regent for their minor son,
Nagadevarasa. She is mentioned as mistress of the Western Sea. |
|
|
1275
Reigning Abbess
Ute of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald,
Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
|
The chapter held the overlordship of 15 villages within it's territory
and 3 outlying villages. |
|
|
1275-1300 Politically Active Queen Violante de Aragón of
Castilla (Spain) |
|
When her eldest son, Fernando de la Cerda, died suddenly, and her
husband, Alfonso X of Castile, named their second son as heir
instead of the sons of the Dowager Crown-Princess Blanche de France.
Violante and her daughter-in-law escaped with the children to
Aragon, where Viol ante’s brother was king. The two ladies tried to
find supporters everywhere in Europe, and started to build up a
political network by writing letters to Blanche's mother Marguerite
de Provence, the French dowager queen, to other royals, to the pope
and other important personalities. Finally, after negotiating,
Violante returned home but never was really reconciled with her
husband. Violante spent several years in Castile consecrating her
life to pious works, but occasionally made her way back to the
political scene supporting for
example her son Sancho, who had started a rebellion against her
estranged husband, the king.
(d. circa 1300). |
|
 |
1275-1320 Politically Active Dowager Princess Blanche de France
of Castilla (Spain) |
|
After the death of her husband, the Castillian Heir, Prince Fernando
de la Cerda, she started the fight to have her children; Alfonso de
la Cerda and Ferdinando de la Cerda recognized as rightful heirs to
the throne. She went in exile together with her mother-in-law,
Violante de Aragón. She received open support from the queens and
princesses, creating thus a kind of female network in politics.
After Violante reconciled with her husband, Blanche continued her
fight until her brother signed a peace treaty with king Sancho IV of
Castile and recognised him as king. She was forced to ratify that
treaty as well and then she retired to a French nunnery.
She lived (1253-1323). |
|
 |
1276-79 Regent Dowager Empress Yang-shi
of China (in Jiling in South China) (Southern Song Dynasty) |
|
Her husband, Emperor Duzong had
died in 1274 and was succeeded by a relative, Emperor Gongdi. The
Mongols were threatening the capital and it was decided that the
Emperor should remain with his mother and grandmother to either
defend the capital or failing it, to negotiate the surrender terms.
It was also decided that her son Zhao Shi and his half-brother, Zhao
Bing (d.1279) should flee south to the sea with their mothers and
their maternal uncles, Yang Chen and Yu Rugui. After Gongdi and the
imperial court were captured and taken north to Dadu, the Mongol
capital, the loyalist forces crowned her son as Emperor, in Fuzhou
in June of 1276. He was only nine years old and she was named
Empress Dowager and regent. When the Mongols threatened Fuzhou, the
loyalists, under the command of Zhang Shijie (1236-1279) took the
two young boys to the sea and sailed along the Guangzhou prefecture.
In January 1278, a hurricane struck when they were offshore near
present day Zongshan and destroyed the vessel that carried the boy
emperor. Although he was rescued, he never recovered from the shock
and died in May. Her late husband's youngest son was then crowned as
Emperor Bingdi. He was then six years of age and she continued as
regent. In March of 1279, the Mongols pressed the loyalists and Lu
Xiufu (1238-1279) jumped into the sea, carrying the boy emperor, and
committed suicide. Yang-shi, accompanied by Zhang Shijie, continued
to search for possible surviving members of the royal family but she
despaired and committed suicide by drowning herself in the sea.
(d. 1279). |
|
|
1276-1309 Sub-Queen Helena d'Anjou of Dioclea (Montenegro) |
|
Succeeded Stephen and followed by Stephen Uros III of Decani |
|
|
1276-1315 Baroness Regnant Marguerite de Villehardouin of Akova,
Lady of... (Greece) |
|
Widow of Isnard, Sire de
Sabran she married Riccardo Orsini,
Count of Kefalonia, Conte di Gravina 1284/91,
Vicar General of Corfu 1286/89 amd appointed bailli of Achaia by
Isabelle Princess of Achaia in 1297.
She died in prison and was daughter of Guillaume
de Villehardouin Prince of Achaia. She died in prison.
|
|
|
1276-85 Reigning Abbess Hedwig Kropflin of Niedermünster in
Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Head of the Benedictine convent in Bavaria, which was closely
associated with Obermünster. |
|
|
1276-84
Reigning Abbess
Isabeau I Davoir
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud
(France) |
|
Member of a French noble family. |
|
|
1277-84 Opposition
Leader
Eirene Komnene Palaiologina in the
Byzantine Empire (Greece) |
|
Opposed to the union of the Orthodox and Roman churches organised by
her brother, Emperor Mikhael VIII, and was arrested on his orders in
1277. She then became the focus of organised opposition from the
Bulgarian court of her daughter Maria. When her husband, Ioannes
Komnenos Angelos Kantakouzenos died, she had become a nun as
Eulogia. The daughter of Megas Domestikos Andronikos Doukas Komnenos
Palaiologos and his wife Theodora Palaiologina, she lived (1218-84). |
|
|
1277-1300 Opposition Leader
Theodora Palaiologina Komnene Kantakouzenen in the
Byzantine Empire (Greece) |
|
Like her mother, Eirene Komnene Palaiologina, shShe was imprisoned in
1277 for opposing Emperor Mikhael VIII's policy of pursuing the
reunion of the Orthodox and Roman churches. She was accused of
"magical machinations against the emperor's health" and, according
to Pachymeres, was tested by being put into a bag with some cats.
After the accession of Emperor Andronikos II she was released. She
restored the church of St Andrew of Crete at Krisis in
Constantinople and lived in the convent there for the rest of her
life, during which she amassed a library and acquired a reputation
for learning. She wrote hagiographies of the 9th century Theophanes
the Confessor and his brother Theodore. She made an unsuccessful
attempt to negotiate with Alexios Philanthropenos who in 1295
rebelled in Asia Minor and was proclaimed emperor. Widow of Georgios
Mouzalon and Ioannes Raul Komnenos Doukas Angelos Petraliphas. Her
father was She was the daughter of Ioannes Komnenos Angelos
Kantakouzenos, and she lived (1240-1300). |
|
|
1277-? Princess-Abbess Aleide I van Beerbeke of Nivelles,
Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles (Belgium) |
|
It is not known how long her reign
lasted, but Elisabeth II van Burget reigned until 1287. |
|
|
1278-90 Sovereign Countess Leonor de Castilla of Ponthiču and
Montreuil (France) |
|
Succeeded mother Jeanne de Dammartin (1239-78) and king Edward I of
England (1239-72-1307) and thus the county was inherited by the
kings of England. Also known as Queen Eleonor of Castille, she gave
birth to sixteen children, six of whom survived into adulthood, but
only two or three of whom outlived their parents. Her father was
Fernando III of Castilla and Leon, and lived (1244-1290). |
|
|
1278-88 Reigning Abbess Mathilde II von Waldeck of Herford
(Germany) |
|
Also known as Mechtild.
Irmgard was elected as abbess in 1290. |
|
|
1278-1316 Reigning Dowager Lady Mechthild von Brandenburg of
her Dowry in Pommern-Wolgast (Poland/Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Barnim I (circa 1218-29-78), she fought
for years with her stepson, Bogislaw IV, over her dowry and a
partition of the Duchy in favour of her sons. In 1295 the Estates
forced him to give in, and he accepted a partition and gave up
Stettin-Greifenhagen in favour of her son, Otto I. She (d. 1316) |
|
|
1278-8.. Sovereign Marchioness Isabelle
Pallavicini
of Bodonitza (Greece) |
|
Also known as
Jezebel, she succeeded
her brother Urbertino
and also inherited her elder sister Mabilia's
Italian possessions in Parma. In the year of her succession she was
requested by her new lord, Charles d'Anjou, Prince of Achaea, to do
homage to his new vicar at Glarentsa. When the barons of the
Principality of Achaea refused to do homage to the bailiff Galeran
d'Ivry as vicar general, the primary reason was her absence, because
she was their primus inter pares as the Marchionate was the highest
ranking. She was already old at her accession and did not live long
thereafter. She died childless and left open a succession dispute,
which was eventually solved by the arbitration of William I of
Athens, then acting bailiff of Achaea, in favour of her cousin
Albert. She left a widower in Antoine le Flamenc. |
|
|
1278-96 Sovereign Countess Alice dalle Carceri of The Third
Triarchy of Euboea (Greece)
|
|
Reigned a part of the second
largest island of Greece was divided into three parts, three
Triarchies, each reigned by separate counts or countesses.
|
|
|
1278-79
Reigning Abbess
Hedwig von Gutenstein of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
|
Probably member of the Staufian noble family and her brothers,
Konrad and Werner were mentioned as witnesses to the
foundation of the Chapter of Wald in 1212. |
|
|
1279-1328 Sovereign Princess Beatrice of Euboea (Negroponte)
(Greek Island-State) |
|
Inherited the state after the death of her father. |
|
|
1279-92 Sovereign Countess Jeanne de Chatillon of Blois,
Chartres, de Dunois, Dame de Châtillon, d'Avesness and de
Crécy (France) |
|
Succeeded father Jean I de Châtillon, count of Blois and Chartres
(1241-79). She married count Pierre d'Alençon, and since she had no
children, she was succeeded by her German cousin Hugues de Châtillon,
and (d. 1291/92). |
|
|
1279-86 Sovereign Countess Jeanne I de Châtelon of Blois,
Chartres and Dunois,
Dame of Châteaurenault, Avesnes, Guise et Grécy (France) |
|
Successor of her father, Jean I and was married to Pierre I d’Alençon,
who was also styled Count of Blois, son of King
Louis IX of France and Marguerite of Provence.
She received the County of Chartres from her father during his life;
she later sold these lands to Philip IV of France in 1291. She ceded
the lordship of Avesnes to her cousin Hugh before her death. When
she died in 1292 the other titles were left to him too. She had 2
children who died young, and
lived (1279-92). |
|
 |
1280-82 Reigning Dowager Duchess Erszebet of Maczva (Serbia) |
|
The Dukes of Macva in today's
Vojvodina were allies of the Hungarian kings. |
|
|
1280-84 Regent Dowager Queen Ingeborg Eriksdatter of
Norway |
|
After the death of her husband, Magnus the Lawmaker (1238-63-80) she
acted as regent for her son, Erik II (1268-99). She was the first
Norwegian Queen to be crowned and was daughter of King Erik IV
Plougpenning of Denmark and Jutta of Sachsen, and lived (1244-87). |
|
|
1280-1220 Sovereign Countess Sachette of Nikli (Greece) |
|
Succeeded father, Hugues and co-ruled with husband Androuin de Villers. |
|
|
1280-89 Sovereign Dame Marquritte of Lisarea and Morena
(Greece) |
|
Inherited the lordship after the
death of her brother, Seigneur Guillaume, and reigned jointly with
Payen de Sastenay. |
|
|
1280-82 Sovereign Duchess Ermengarde of Limbourg (Belgium)
|
|
Became ruler after the death father. After her death in 1283 her
husband, Reinaud I can Geldre-Zupten engaged in a succession-war
which was won by Jean van Brabant. |
|
|
1281-1301 Sovereign Countess Anne of Viennois and Dauphiné
(France) |
|
Succeeded nephew, Jean I, and reigned jointly with husband, Humbert I
de la Tour du Pin. Succeeded by husband, Jean II. |
|
|
1281-... Sovereign Countess Jeanne de Dreux of Braine (France) |
|
Daughter of Robert IV de Dreux and Beatrix de Montfort. Married to
Count Jean IV de Roussy and Jean de Bar, Seigneur de Puisaye. |
|
 |
1281-1300 Chief of the Guglielmite Sect Manfreda Visconti da
Pirovano in Italy |
|
In 1260 Princess Blazena Vilemina -
believed to be the daughter of the king of Bohemia - appeared in
Milano and gathered a religious community around her, and after her
death in 1281, she was venerated as the Holy Spirit incarnate. The
same year Manfreda Visconti da Pirovano was elected Pope (Papessa)
and vicar of the Holy Spirit upon earth, by a college of female
cardinals, and as a result an inquisitorial process was initiated
against the group, which counted around 30 members from various
social classes, with the ruler's son, Galeazzo Visconti as the most
prominent member. She was burnt at the stake.
(d. 1300). |
|
|
1282-1312 Sovereign Dame Eschiva d’Ilbelin of Beirut (Lebanon)
|
|
Succeeded sister, Isabella, and ruled jointly with various husbands,
including Guy de Lusignan (d. 1300), Constable of Cyprus, the son of
king Hugh III, who had unsuccessfully tried to control her Isabella,
who was the widow of his cousin, King Hugh II. Eschiva's son, Hugh
IV de Lusignan, succeeded to the throne of Cyprus, even though his
father, Guy was only the fourth son of Hugh III, but his elder
uncles (John I and Henry II), were either childless or their heirs
were disqualified to inherit the throne. |
|
|
1282-1305 Reigning
Abbess
Marguerite de Wormhoudt of Bourbourg,
Lady of Oxelaere, Noordpeene,
Faumont and Coutiches (France) |
|
Her family originated in Normandy. |
|
|
1282-89 Politically Influential Bibi Terken in Kirman (Iran) |
|
Also known as Bibi Khatun, she was a major player in events both in
the ordu (at the court) and in Kirman until her death in 1288 or
1289. |
|
|
1282-1337 Hereditary Princess Gwenllian of Wales, Gwynedd and
the royal family of Aberffraw (United Kingdom) |
|
The last trueborn Princess of Wales
was the daughter of Llywelyn the Last and his cousin Eleanor de
Montfort, daughter of Simon de Montfort. Her mother died in
childbirth at the palace of Pen-y-Bryn, in Abergwyngregyn near
Bangor, Gwynedd on 12 June 1282, and her father was killed at Irfon
Bridge a few weeks later, becoming therefore the only child of the
marriage. There were no sons to inherit the title of Prince of
Wales, but as the daughter of Prince Llewellyn, she was the heiress
of the Princes of Gwynedd and the royal family of Aberffraw. She
thereby was the Princess of Wales and as a result represented
considerable danger to the king of England. Were it not for their
close family ties it is likely that the king would have arranged for
her too to be killed. Instead, the king, Edward I, had her hauled
off to Sempringham Convent in Lincolnshire, where she spent over 50
years incarcerated. Edward kept the title of 'Prince of Wales' for
the crown, bestowing it upon his son Edward who was crowned in
Caernarfon in 1301 aged 17 years. Hence the title passed as a grace
title bestowable by the English monarchy.
She lived (1282-1337). |
|
|
1283-1317 Sovereign Countess Guillemette de Neuchâtel of
Montbélard (France) |
|
Also known as Guillaumette
de Neufchâtel, she was named sole heir by her
Her
great-grandfather, Therry III (1205-37-87). Her father,
Amédée de Neufchâte was son of Thierry's
daughter, Marguerite de Montbéliard, and the
Grand Sire de Neufchâtel-en-Bourgogne,
Signeur de Blamont, Châtelot, Belmont et Cuisance.
She married
Renaud de Bourgogne and after a war of
succession, they reigned jointly until her death. When he died in 1322
their mentally handicapped son,
Othenin de Montbéliard, succeeded under the
regency of his uncle, Hugues de Chalon as regent. Her daughter Agnes and
her husband inherited the County in 1332. Guillemette lived
(1260's-1317). |
|
|
1283-1308 Titular Empress Catherine I de Courtenay of
Constantinople (Turkey), Dame of Courtenay (France)
Also Sovereign Princess of Achaia (Albaina) and Dame de
Courtenay (France) |
|
Daughter of Philippe, the son of Emperor
Baudouin
of the Latin Empire in the ancient city of Byzanz and parts of Greece.
He was deposed 1261. Plans were made to marry her to Friederich of
Sicilia, but nothing came of it. The Pope interfered, there were
also attempts to have her marry the heir to the Byzantine throne,
Michael IX, but she declined because the contract was not lucrative
enough for her, and in 1302 she married Count Charles I de Valois
(1270-1325), who was planning a crusade against Byzantine when she
died. Mother of three daughters and a son, who died just before
herself, and she was therefore succeeded by the oldest, Catherine
II, as heir to the Latin Empire of the East. Catharine I lived
(1274-1308). |
|
 |
1283-85 Governor Queen Constance Hohenstaufen of Sicily (Italy) |
|
In 1262 her father, Manfredo
Hohenstaufen, arranged her marriage to Infant Pedro of Aragon.
Manfredo lost his crown and life in 1266, and she was his heir -
though the throne remained in the hands of Charles of Anjou, a
brother of King Louis IX of France. Her husband gave her in her own
right the title of Queen, before succeeding to the throne in 1276.
In 1282 her husband - now Pedro III made a triumphant entry into
Messina, and in the following year she left for Sicilia, and it was
announced that the Infant Jaime would be heir to Sicily as the elder
son, Alfonso, would remain heir of Aragon. In the case of Jaime's
minority, she would act as regent. Pedro III had to depart Sicily,
leaving her in charge. In November 1285 Constance's husband died at
Villafranca de Penadres where he was buried, and the following year
Jaime was crowned - though the pope excommunicated both her and her
son. When in 1291 her eldest son, Alfonso III, died childless Jaime
succeeded him, remaining king of both countries until 1296 when
Fadrique, Constance's third son, became King of Sicilia. She
returned to Spain and lived (1249-1301). |
|
|
1283-91 Regent Dowager Dame Marguerite de Lusignan of Tyre,
Titular Princess of Antiochia (Israel) |
|
After the death of her husband, Jean de Montfort, Lord of Toron and
Tyrus, she became regent of the Lordships. Sultan Qalawun was
preparing to attack the Franks not protected by the truce of 1283,
and she asked for a truce, which was renewed in 1291, the following
year she handed over Tyre to her nephew Amalric and died as a nun in
Cyprus. She was daughter of Henri de Poitiers of Antiochia and
Isabella de Lusignan of Cyprus. She
lived (1244-1308). |
|
|
1283-84 Sovereign Countess Constance de Moncada of Bigorre
(France) |
|
Succeeded Eskivat de Chabannais, who had succeeded their grandmother,
Countess Petronille, (1190-1251). Eskivat was grandson of Petronille
and her second husband, Gui de Montfort and Constance was
granddaughter of Petronille and her fourth husband, Boson de Mastas.
His Montfort cousins at Viterbo 1271 murdered Constance’s first
husband, Henry Plantagenet of Cornwall, the son of Richard, Earl of
Cornwall and King of The Romans and Isabel Marshal. She was joint
ruler with her husband, Lori, who reigned until 1292. (d.
1310). |
|
 |
1283-98
Princess-Abbess
Euphemia
of Göss bei Leoben (Austria)
|
|
The Chapter enjoyed immunity and was not under the authority of the
Prince-Bishop of Salzburg.
|
|
|
Before 1283 Reigning Abbess
Mathilde von Hohenberg
of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
|
Daughter of Burchard III von Hohenberg and Mechtild zu Pfalz-Thübingen and
sister of Anna (or Gertrud) von Hohenberg, the wife of Rudolf von Habsburg. |
|
|
1284-85 Empress Regnant
Theodora Megale Komnene
of Trebizond (Turkey) |
|
With help of Georgian King
of Imereti, David VI Narin she managed to seize the crown of the
Empire founded by members of the Imperial family which escaped to
the Black sea after the
Sack of Byzantium in 1204, and subsequent establishment of the Latin
Empire by marauding Crusaders,
from her half-brother,
Emperor John II. Shortly afterwards she was defeated and John
regained his throne, but she had managed reign long enough to have
minted her own coins. A nun either before or after her short reign,
and
daughter of Emperor Manuel I of Trebizond by his second wife,
Princess Rusudan og Georgia, and lived (before 1253–after 1285). |
|
|
1284 Titular Queen Irene Palailologina de Monferrato of
Thessalonica (Greece) |
|
Her father, Guglielmo VIII of
Monferrato in Italy gave up the title of titular king upon her
marriage to Emperor Andronikos II. Palailogos of Byzantine. Her
father was Marchese di Monferrato (1253-92), titular King of
Saloniki (1262-84), Signore d'Ivrea (1266-67) and (1278-92), Signore
di Milano (1278-82), and died in prison Alexandria in 1292. Her
mother was his third wife, Beatriz of Castilla.
She lived (1274-1317). |
|
|
1284-1304
Reigning Abbess
Marguerite I de Pocey
of the Royal Abbey of Fontevraud (France) |
|
The abbey was placed directly under
the protection of the Pope and the King of France and was among the
richest in Europe and the Abbess ruled over both monks and nuns. |
|
|
1285-87 Maat Layla Sultan of Harrar (Ethiopian Sup state) |
|
She succeeded her brother as head
of the Semitic speaking Islamic Ethiopian Boarder State. |
|
|
1285-1300 Reigning Abbess Kunigunde IV Hainkhover of
Niedermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
Another version of her surname was Hainkoverin. |
|
|
1286-90 Queen Regnant Margaret of Scotland and The Orkney
Islands (United Kingdom) |
|
Also
known as the Maid of Norway. When her mother, Margaret of Scotland
married Erik of Norway, the marriage treaty included a provision for
their children to succeed to the kingdom of the Scots if the male
decendants of her father, Alexander III had died. And when his son
died in 1284, Alexander summoned all 13 Earls of Scotland, 24 barons
and the heads of the 3 main Gaelic kindreds of the West, and had
them sign a document to recognise Margaret as "domina and right
heir" if neither Alexander had left no posthumous child and the king
had left no children at the time of his death.
When he died suddenly in 1286, his widow, Yolande de Dreux, was
pregnant but gave birth to a still-born child shortly after, making
Margaret the heir, but Robert Bruce - a member of the royal family
raised a rebellion, but it was soon suppressed. The
Norwegians pressured Margaret's claims and made a treaty with the
King of England with Edward, Prince of Wales, but she died in the
Orkney Islands in 1290 while voyaging to Scotland. She was buried in
Norway.
In the two years that followed, Scotland was left with 14 claimants to
the throne. She lived (1283-90). |
|
 |
1286-1304 Reigning Dowager Lady
Dowager Queen Agnes von Brandenburg of Denmarkof
Lolland-Falster |
|
Acted as regent for son Erik IV Menved 1286-92 after her husband, Erik
V was assassinated. Several magnates who had been found guilty -
probably unjustly- of killing her husband and had been outlawed in
1287 challenged her rule. These outlaws, who were aided by the
Norwegian king and soon joined by Duke Valdemar of Schleswig and the
new archbishop, Jens Grand, raided the Danish coasts. Erik defeated
Valdemar and reached an agreement with Norway in 1295, but he
continued to feud with the Archbishop, whose imprisonment led to a
papal interdict of the king in 1297. Erik's settlement with Pope
Boniface VIII (1303) enabled him to resume Danish conquests along
the northern border of the Holy Roman Empire, and in 1304 the
emperor Albert I ceded to Denmark all lands north of the Elbe River.
Lolland-Falster was her dowry, which she administered as a royal
fief, being in charge of aspects of the local administration also
after her marriage to Count Gerhard II of Holsten and became mother
of another son, Johann. She lived (1258-1304). |
|
|
From 1286 The Sovereign Baroness of Chalandritsa (Greece)
|
|
Succeeded father Nicholas de la Tremouille and reigned jointly with
Georges Ghizi (1291-1311). |
|
|
Until 1286 Sovereign Dame Anna Komnena Dukaina of Kalamata and
Clermont (Greece) |
|
Married to Prince Guillaume II de Villehardouin of Achaia (d. 1278)
and Prince Nicolas de Saint-Omer of Achaia (d. 1294), and mother of
Isabelle de Villehardouin, who became Princess of Achaia 1278/94.
Anna (d. 1286). |
|
|
Around 1286 Sovereign Baroness Cassandra Sanudo of Milos
(Greece)
|
|
Head of the island that is situated
in the southwestern Cyclades, which
belonged to the Byzantine Empire until 1204. It is not known whom
she succeeded or how long she reigned, but François Sanudo is
mentioned around 1300. |
|
|
1286-92 Reigning Abbess Ryssa I von Leuchtenberg of
Obermünster in Regensburg (Germany) |
|
As a
reichsunmittelbare stift
- an
Imperial immediacy - the territory was was under the direct
authority of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Imperial Diet, without
any intermediary Liege lord and therefore had the right to collect
taxes and tolls and held juridical rights. |
|
|
1287-9... Regent Dowager Duchess Helene Angelina Komnena
Dukaina of Athens, Heiress of Lamia and Larissa
(Greece) |
|
After the death of her first husband, Duke Guillaume de la Roche-sur-Yon,
she became rent for step-son, Gautier V, from 1391 jointly with
her second husband, Count Hugues de Brienne, di Lecce etc. (1240-96)
whose first wife was Isabelle de la Roche-sur-l'Ognon, Lady of
Thebes and Countess of Karytaena. Helene was daughter of Joannes,
Archon of Neopatras and lived (circa 1260-94). |
|
|
1287-94 Regent Dowager Duchess Salomea von Pommern of Karniów-Rybnik
(Poland) |
|
Also known as Salomea Pomorska, she was widow of Duke Siemomysł of
Inowrocław in 1268. Daughter of Duke Sambor II of Tczew and mother
of 6 children. (d. 1312/14). |
|
|
1287-97 Politically Influential Queen Guta von Habsburg of
Bohemia (Czech Republic) |
|
Soon after her marriage to Václav II of Bohemia she gained influence
on him and inflamed his expansion plans in Slesia and Poland and she
introduced German traditions at court, most importantly the presence
of knights and she thereby continued the opening of Prague to the
west, that Kunigunde of Swabia had begun, and the city became a
cultural centre. She also tried to reconcile her husband and
brother, Albrecht, Duke of Austria and her role in foreign politics
was not without significance. She gave birth to 10 children but only
the son Václav and the daughters Anna, Elisabeth und Margarethe
survived. The two first motioned both became Queens of Bohemia. She
originally named Jutta and was daughter of Count Rudolf von Habsburg
and his first wife Gertrud von Hohenberg, and lived (1271-97). |
|
|
Until 1287 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth van Burget
of Nivelles, Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles
(Belgium) |
|
The abbess of Nivelles was Princess
of the Holy Roman Empire and Political Leader of the City of
Nivelles. |
|
|
1287-93 Princess-Abbess Isabelle I
of Nivelles, Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles
(Belgium) |
|
Elected as successor of Elisabeth van Burget. |
|
|
Around 1287
Dame Abbesse Anne I de Glčre
of Remiremont (France) |
|
Abbess of Säckingen and charged with the
administration of Masevaux when she was imposed as Abbess by Emperor
Rudolf von Habsburg. Later excommunicated for ursurping the
abbasiate. |
|
|
1287-95
Reigning Abbess-General
Berenguela López of
the Royal Monastery of Maria la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos
(Spain)
|
|
Had the right to grant letters dismissorial for ordination, and issued
licenses authorizing priests, within the limits of her abbatial
jurisdiction, to hear confessions, to preach, and to engage in the
cure of souls |
|
|
1287 In Charge of the Government Dowager Countess
Sibylla of Armenia of Tripoli (Lebanon) |
|
After the death of her son, Bohemond VII (1257-87) she
appointed as regent Bertrand of Gibelet. He proved to be very
unpopular with the commune of the city, who created their own
administration. In 1288 her daughter, Lucia arrived to take over the
government. |
|
|
1287 Dowager Countess Sibylla de Châtillon of Tripoli (Lebanon) |
|
Attempted to succeed her husband, Bohemond VII (1257-87), but her
sister-in-law was finally selected as his successor. |
|
|
1287-95
Reigning
Abbess-General
Berenguela López of the Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las
Huelgas in Burgos (Spain)
|
|
Daughter of Lope López, II seńor de la Guardia and Berenguela González
de Girón |
|
 |
1288-99 Sovereign Countess Lucia de Poitiers of Tripoli
(Lebanon)
1288-89 Sovereign Princess of Antiochia (Syria)
|
|
About a year after the death
of her brother, Bohemund VII she came to Tripoli from Auxerre, where
she had married Narjot de Toucy, to take control of the county,
although she was opposed by both the commune and the Genoese. The
Genoese, led by Benedetto Zaccaria, tried to install a podesta, an
official administrator from Genoa, which would have made Tripoli
essentially a Genoese colony. At this the leader of the commune
consented to acknowledge her, but she unexpectedly allied herself
with the Genoese instead. The Venetians and Pisans, who also had
trading links with Tripoli, were shocked at this and supposedly
conspired with the Mameluk sultan Qalawun to attack the city. She
allied with the Mongols, who, knowing that Tripoli was too weak to
defend itself even with their help, asked for support from Europe,
although no aid was to be found there. Qalawun besieged Tripoli for
one month in 1289 and captured it on April 26. Two years later Acre,
the last Crusader outpost in the Holy Land was also captured.
Although he could have claimed the county through her, her husband
never came to Tripoli, as he was attending to business in the
Kingdom of Napoli, where he died in 1292. The date of her death is
unknown. She had one son, Philippe de Toucy, who inherited the
lordship of Terza on Narjot's death and the claim to Antioch on her
death.
She lived (circa 1265-1299). |
|
|
1288 Reigning Dowager Countess Beatrix d'Avenes of Luxembourg |
|
Widow of Heinrich VI (1240-81-88), and regent for son Heinrich VIII
(1274/75-1313), who later became Holy Roman Emperor. She lived
(1250/55-1320). |
|
|
1288-1310 Sovereign Dame Beatrix de Bourgogne of Bourbon
(France) |
|
Succeeded mother, Dame Agnčs, who inherited the title after her father
in 1249, and reigned jointly with her husband, Robert II de France,
Count de Clermont (d. 1317). Succeeded by son Louis I, who was given
the title of Duke de Bourbon. She lived
(1257-1310). |
|
|
1289-1307 Sovereign Princess Isabelle de Villehardouin of
Achaia and Morea, Queen of Thessalonica, Baroness of
Karytaina and Bucelet (Arakloven) (Greece) |
|
Also known as Zampea, she was daughter of Guillaume II de Achaia (1246-78)
and Anne Komnena Angelina (Ange, Angelus).
She had first been Betrothed to Andronikos Palaiologos, son of Mikhael
VIII Emperor of Byzantium, but this was broken off. Instead her
first marriage to, Philipppe of Sicily, son of Carlo I, had been
arranged to seal her father's, Prince Guillaume's, alliance with the
King of Sicily. It was popular with the Frankish barons in Achaia
who preferred a westerner as their potential future prince, despite
the marriage contract providing that Achaia should revert to the
house of Anjou whether or not any children were born of the marriage.
He was created titular King of Thessaloniki in 1274 at Brindisi by
her brother, Philippe de Courtenay Emperor of Constantinople. After
his death,
she remained at the court of Napoli. Her
brother-in-law, King Carlo d'Anjou II of Sicily, in his capacity of
Prince of Achaia, granted her the barony of Karitena and Bucelet in
1289 and she was invested as Princess of Achaia by King Charles in
1289, jointly with her second husband, Florens de Hainalut,
Stadtholder of Zeeland, Lord of
Braine-le-Comte et de Hal en Hainault, at the time of their
marriage, and he held the offices of
Constable of the Kingdom of Sicily and Vicar-General of Corfu
1289-1290. And she governed personally after his death in
1297, although she retired to her castle of Nesi in Kalamata. 1301
sShe married Philippe de Savoie, lord del Piemonte,
whose rule in Achaia was marked by despotism and self-interest and
he was deposed in 1306. The following year they separated and she
continued to protest the loss of Achaia from Hainaut, where she was
living, in spring. 1311 she affirmed her rights to Achaia, and those
of her daughter Mathilde.
Her younger daughter, Marguerite de Savoie, inherited Karytena in
1311. She lived (circa 1259-1312). |
|
|
1290–1302 and
1320–1327 Regent Dowager Queen Helvig von Holstein
of Sweden |
|
When she was married to king Magnus III in 1276,
she was granted the
fief of Dĺvö in Munktorp in
Västmanland. She founded convents and churches but dooes not appear to have been politically
active, but after his death, she was regent for their son, King
Birger (1280-90-18), and after he was
deposed and went into exile, she was in charge of the government in
the name of her grandson, Magnus, with her daughter-in-law Ingeborg as regent in Norway. She lived
(1260-1324). |
|
|
1290-1300 Co-Regent Queen Catherina Tomasina Morosini of
Hungary |
|
Her husband István the Posthumous
of Hungary, Duke of Slavonia (1236-71) who died as a Patrician in
Venezia, was son of King Endre II of Hungary and Croatia (1205-35).
She became co-ruler when her son, Endre III (1265-90-1301), came to
the throne after the son of his third cousin; Lázsló IV was murdered
during the civil wars in the country. She was daughter Micaele
Sbarra Morosini, and Patrician of Venice of lived (1240-1300). |
|
|
1290-92 Reigning in Dissidence Queen Mária of Hungary
|
|
Lead a contra government in opposition
to King Endre III, after her
brother Lázsló IV was murdered, when she was acknowledged as
kiralyno (female king) by the Dalmatian regions, with the provision
that her son Carlo Martello (Martell Károly) was to be elected king
in her place. She was daughter of King V. István and Elisabeth, who
was regent of the kingdom 1272-77, and married to the future King
Carlo II of Napoli and Sicily. She lived (circa 1257-1323). |
|
|
1290-1325 Sovereign Countess Jeanne de Rethel (Belgium) |
|
Succeeded father Hugues IV, and reigned jointly with husband Louis de
Nevers (1290-1322). |
|
|
1290-99 Sovereign Countess Marguerite of Anjou and Maine
(France) |
|
Following the death of father Charles II, she reigned jointly with
husband, Charles II (1270-1325), Count of Valois, Titular King of
Aragon, Valencia and Barcelona, Titular Emperor of Constantinople,
who was succeeded by their son in Anjou and Maine in 1313 and after
his death also in Valois and Chartres. He became king Philippe VI in
1328. |
|
|
1290 Sovereign Countess Marguerite of Béarn (France) |
|
Inherited the county after the death of her
father, Gaston VII, and in 1290 her husband, Roger Bernhard III of
Foix also became count of Béarn. He was taken prisoner both by
Philip III. of France and by Peter III. of Aragon. Their marriage
led to the outbreak of a long feud between the houses of Foix and
Armagnac; a quarrel which was continued by their son and successor,
Gaston I., who became count in 1302, inheriting both Foix and Béarn. |
|
|
Around 1290 Princesse-Abbesse
Laure-Félicité de Dombasle
of Remiremont, Dame of Saint Pierre and Metz (France)
|
|
Raised to the rang of Princesse of
the Empire (princesse d'Empire) in 1295, the same year a
peace-treaty was concluded with the Duke of Lorraine, Ferry III, after years of
dispute over control of the territory. She was member of a line of the
countly family of Salm. |
|
|
1290-1323 Reigning Abbess Irmgard von Wittgenstein of Herford
(Germany) |
|
Her uncle, Siegfried von Westerburg, Archbishop
of Köln, tried to remove Berta von Arnsberg as Princess-Abbess of Essen
and impose her as the new head of the chapter, but he did not succeed.
When Berta died in 1292, she was candidate for the position again and
remained Contra-Abbess in opposition to Beatrix II von Holte until 1304. |
|
|
1290 Reigning Abbess Adelheid von Grieningen of Rottenmünster
(Germany) |
|
Member of a German noble family. |
|
|
1290
Reigning Abbess
Anna von Veringen
of Wald,
Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
|
Could be identical with the Abbess of the same name, that is mentioned 1311-20. |
|
|
1291-95 Safwad al dunya wa ad-Din Padshah Hatun of Qutlugh Khan
(Iran) |
|
Padshah became ruler and took the title Safwad al dunya wa ad-Din
(Purity of the earthly world and of the faith) after Djalal da-Din
Abu'l-Muzzafar was deposed as head of the Mongol tribe, which
reigned in the southeastern Iran. She had her stepbrother
Suyurghatamish arrested and eventually killed. She was daughter of
Kitlugh Turkan or Turkan Khatun, Queen of Qutlugh Khan or Kirman
(1257-82). In 1295 her husband's successor Great Khan Baydo of the
Ilkhan dynasty, had her put to death on the advise of the leader of
Suyurghatamish's clan, his widow, Khurdudjin. |
|
|
1291-95 Ruler Kürdüjin of Kirman (Iran)
1319... Ruler of Fars
|
|
Eldest
daughter of Abish Khatun, the last Atabeg (Ruler) of Fars
1263-75 and 1283-87.
She was first married to the
sixth Qutlugh-Khanid ruler of Kirman,
Soyurghatmish and made two other significant marriages before the Ilkhan Abu
Sa'id (717-36/ 1317-35) granted her the tax-farm of the province of Fars,
but the but the new Ilkhan Ghazan (1295-1304) replaced her with a son of
Hajjaj, and she either lived at the ordu or in Fars until Abu Sa'id granted
her the revenues of Fars, where she ended her life as a magnificent ruler
and patron. |
|
|
1292-1327 Princess-Abbess Beatrix II von Holte of Essen
(Germany) |
|
Pröbstin of Vreden from 1273. After the death
of Berta von Arnsberg, the Sub-Stewart, the Count von der Mark, quickly had
himself appointed steward of the chapter by the Dechaness and had Beatrix
elected as Abbess to make sure Archbishop of Köln would not impose his niece,
Irmgard von Wittgenstein, Abbess of Herford as Princess-Abbess so that she could
afterwards appoint him to position of steward of the chapter for the diocese,
which had become vacant by the death of Rudolf von Habsburg half a year earlier.
Beatrix was unanimously by the 26 canonesses and 16 canons present.
Both the Pröbstin Mechthild von Renneberg and
Irmgard von Wittgenstein were absent.
She was member of a family of lower
nobility from who had moved away from Osnabrück because of disputes with the
Bishop of Münster. Her brother, Wig bold von Hole, was elected Archbishop of
Köln in 1297 and the following year Armguard von Wittgenstein officially
resigned any claims to the chapter, but Beatniks was not officially confirmed in
office by the Bishop of Minden as representative of the Pope and soon after by
the king. She managed to improve the economic situation of the chapter and
thereby secured its existence as an imperial immediate territory. She lived (circa
1250-1327).
|
|
|
1293-1340 Princess-Abbess Iolande de Steyne of Nivelles,
Dame Temporaire and Spirituelle of Nivelles (Belgium) |
|
The Abbess of Nivelles was Princess
of the Holy Roman Empire and Political Leader of the City of
Nivelles. |
|
|
Circa
1293-circa 1303 Princess-Abbess Catherine I de Vaudemont of
Remiremont (France) |
|
Head of the free worldly (secular) chapter for noble ladies. |
|
|
1294-98/1300 Joint Guardian and Co-Regent Dowager Duchess
Mechtild von Habsburg of Upper-Bavaria
1294-1304 Lady of Vohberg, Neuburg, Burglengenfeld, Reidenburg,
Ingolstadt, Aichach, Landsberg and the other Bavarian Cities in the
Schwäbische Land (Germany) |
|
After the death of her husband, Duke Ludwig II von Bayern (1229-94)
her oldest 19 year old son, Rudolf, claimed the right to be guardian
and regent for the youngest son, Ludwig of Upper-Bavaria - later
king of the German Realm under the name of Ludwig IV - but Mechtild
did not accept this, and she continued to intervene in the affairs
of state, and contemporary sources states that "her rule was good
and masculine". Mother and oldest son continued to be at odds and in
1302 she was arrested by Rudolf and brought to München, where she
signed an agreement promising never to interfere in the government
again, but as soon as she was outside the boarders of Bavaria she
declared the agreement null and void, and got the support of her
brother, Albrecht von Habsburg, her younger son and many others. She
was daughter of the German King Rudolf I von Habsburg and Gertrud
Anna von Hohenberg, was mother of five children, and lived
(1253-1304). |
|
|
1295-1301 and 1312-21 (†) Regent Dowager Queen María de Alfonso
de Molina of Castilla and León (Spain) |
|
Lady de Molina in her own right, she was widow of Sancho IV. As regent
for her son, Ferdinando IV, she defended his throne against several
pretenders, who were at various times supported by France, Aragón,
Portugal, Navarre, and Granada. 11 years later, after Ferdinando’s
death, she acted as a guardian to her grandson Alfonso XI, while the
regency was contested among his other relatives. She was daughter of
Alfonso de Molina, the son of King Alfonso IX de León, and
Mayor
Tellez de Meneses, Lady
de Montealegre y Tiedra,
and lived (1265-1321). |
|
|
From 1295 Queen Wakaakaa of Buton (Indonesia) |
|
Founded the state in South Eastern
Suwasi, but ruled only on Buton Island. Succeeded by daughter. |
|
|
After 1295 Queen Bulawambona of Buton (Indonesia) |
|
Succeeded mother and expanded the territory |
|
|
1295-1307 Princess Joan of Acre, Lady of Glamorgan and Wales
(United Kingdom) |
|
Born in Acre (Akko) in Palestine as
daughter of King Edward I of England (d. 1307) and Leonor of
Castilla and Leon while her parents were travelling to the Middle
East on the Ninth Crusade. At least part of her childhood she spent
in France with her maternal grandmother, Jeanne de Dammartin,
Countess of Ponthieu. She was betrothed as a child to Hartman, son
of King Rudolph I of Germany, but he died in 1282 after drowning in
the Rhine. She then married Gilbert de Clare, 7th Earl of Hertford,
and was mother of Eleanor de Clare (1292-1337), who became Lady of
G. and W. in 1314. After Gilbert's death, she clandestinely married
Ralph de Monthermer, 1st Baron Monthermer, a knight in her
household, in 1297. Her father was enraged by this lowly second
marriage, and her husband was thrown in prison but was released in
1297, and allowed to hold the title of Earl of Gloucester and
Hereford during her lifetime. Princess Joan had 8 surviving children
with her 2 husbands and died while giving birth to a stillborn
child, after having lived (1272-1307). |
|
|
1295-1327 Sovereign Countess Sibila of Pallars-Sobirá (Spain) |
|
The successor of Ramón Roger I
(1288-94), she ruled jointly with Hugo I de Mataplana from 1297. |
|
|
Until after 1295 Hereditary Dame Beatrix de Champagne-Navarra
of l'Isle-sous-Montreal (Lebanon) |
|
Married Hugues IV, Duke of
Bourgogne, Count de Châlon, etc, titular King of Thessalonica
(1213-72) as his second wife. She was daughter of Theobaldo or
Thibaut I "le Grand" of Navarre, Count de Champagne et de Brie
(1201-53) and his third wife, Marguerite de Bourbon-Dampierre,
mother of five children, her son was seigneur of Montreal until his
death in 1294. She lived (1242-after 95). |
|
|
1295-1326 Reigning Abbess-General
Urraca Alfonso II of the Royal Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Las
Huelgas in Burgos (Spain) |
|
By the
initiative of Infanta Blanca, Lady of Las Huelgas, Fernando IV
granted her the right to name city scribes and authroze their acts,
a privillege confirmed by Alfonso XI in 1317. |
|
|
1296-1317 Sovereign Princess Agnese de Cicon of Karystos (Greek
Island State) |
|
Succeeded Felicia dalle Carceri and reigned jointly with Boniface da
Verona, and was succeeded by Maria.
The Greek name of Karystos is Evvia
or Euboea is the second largest island. It lies along the eastern
coast of the Attika mainland and is in fact an extension of an
ancient mountain chain running up into the mainland in the north and
continuing into Andros and the Cyclades in the south. It is termed a
'mainland island' and not included in any of the other island
groups. |
|
|
1296-circa 1313 Regent Dowager Despina Anna
Paleologina-Cantacuzena of Epirus (Greece/Albania) |
|
From the time of their marriage in 1264 she has exercised a dominating
influence during the reign of her husband, Nicephorus I. After his
death she became regent for her son, Thomas of Epirus. As the niece
of Emperor Michael VII of Byzantine, the pro-Byzantine party gained
control. In 1306 the anti-Byzantine forces, lead by Philippe de
Taranto (married to her daughter Tamar) joined forces with the
Catholic Albanians, seized Dyrrachium, and intended to depose Anna,
but the campaign failed. |
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Around 1296 Baroness Thamar Komnena Angelina Dukaina of
Bonditza and Lepanto (Greek Island State) |
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Daughter of Nikephoros I Dukas Komnenos, Despot of Epirus, (1240-96)
and Anna Cantakuzene of Nikća (d. 1313), she was given the baronies
as a dowry upon her marriage to Philippe d'Anjou, Prince of Taranto,
Despot of Romania, Lord of Durazzo and Prince of Achaia (1278-1332).
She engaged in a dispute with her mother over Taranto. In 1309 he
accused her of adultery and divorced her, and afterwards married
Catherine II de Valois, titular Empress of Constantinople, Princess
of Achaia. Thamar was mother of 8 children, entered a convent and
lived (circa 1277-1311) |
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1296-1303 Reigning Abbess Elisabeth von Hohenfels of Wald, Lady
of the Offices of Wald, Vernhof and Ennigerloh (Germany) |
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If she was indeed a member of the Hohenfels-family, her father was Grosswin von
Hohenfels, who worked for Rudolf von Habsburg. |
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1296-1303 Politically Influential Duchess Elisabeth von
Liegnitz in Liegnitz-Brieg and Breslau-Liegnitz (Legnica,
Brzeg
and Wrocław) (Poland) |
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Following the death of her husband, the Slesian Duke Hendryk, she was
involved in the governing of the state during the reign of her
oldest son until she moved to Bohemia. The daughter of Duke Bolesław
the Devout of Małopolska and Princess Helena of Hungary, she was
mother of 8 children, and lived (1261/63-1304). |
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1298-99 Regent
Dowager Tsarina Smiltsena
Paleologina of Bulgaria |
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After the death of her husband, Tsar Smilets of
Bulgaria (1292-98) she was regent in the name of her minor son, Ivan
II, after apparently having defeated her brothers-in-law, Radoslav and
Voysil (Vojsil), who sought refuge in the Byzantine Empire and entered
into Byzantine service. To meet this threat and the invasion of the
Mongol prince Chaka, she sought an alliance with Aldimir (Eltimir),
the brother of the former ruler George Terter I, who was then married
to her daughter Marija. 1299 she gave over the capital Tărnovo to
Chaka, who installed himself as Tsar. Ivan II and his retinue settled
in the possessions of Aldimir, where they may have remained even after
the accession of Aldimir's nephew Theodore Svetoslav to the throne in
1300. In 1305 she was negotiating with the Byzantine government on
behalf of either Aldimir or her son, but with Aldimir's subjugation by
Theodore Svetoslav in the same year, the family disappears into
obscurity. In the sources she is named as Smitlstsena, but her first
name is not mentioned, she was
daughter of the byzantine Prince Constantine Palaiologos and (d. after
1306). |
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1298-13.. Regent Dowager Duchess Agnes von Habsburg of
Sachsen-Wittenberg (Germany) |
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After the death of her husband, Duke Albrecht II, she was regent for
their son Duke and Prince Palatine Rudolf I. (circa 1285-98-1356) She
was daughter of Emperor Rudolf, and lived (circa 1257-1322). |
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1298-1339 Titular Judicissa and Countess Giovanna Visconti
of Gallura (and Cagliari) (Italy) |
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Her father,
Ugolino
Visconti, had already
been deprived of Gallura by the Republic of Pisa at the time of her
succession as an infant, so it was purely nominal. She claimed her
rights in Sardinia to no avail and eventually sold them to her
relatives, the Visconti of Milan, who later sold them to the Crown
of Aragon. On 13 November 1309, she married Rizzardo da Camino,
Count of Ceneda and Lord of Treviso. In 1328, she was granted a
pension by the Este family of her mother,
Beatrice d'Este. (d. 1339). |
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1298-1322
Princess-Abbess
Herradis von Praitenfurt of
Göss bei Leoben (Austria)
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The Reichsabtei was home of ladies of high nobility of the Holy Roman Empire.
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1298-1307 Countess-Abbess Irmengarde II von Ummendorf of
Gernrode and Frose (Germany) |
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Also known as Irmingarde, she had to borrow money to cover the costs
for the regalia and the "papal recognition fee" of about 1 "mark of
silver", and in order to pay off the depts she had to give out some
of the possessions of the chapter as tenantcies to the local
nobility. |
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1298-1308 Princess-Abbess Elisabeth III von Spiegelberg of
Fraumünster, Dame of Zürich (Switzerland)
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Member of an old noble family, in 1281 Count Moritz came in possession
of some land in the valley between the Mountains of Ith, Osterwald
and Nesselberg in Weserbergland. The County included 5 villages and
stayed in the family until 1557 when it was inherited by the House
Lippe. |
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1298-1303 Reigning
Abbess
Agnčs III de Cérilly of the Royal Abbey of Jouarre (France) |
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After both Agnčs de Juilly and Marguerite de Sergines were elected Abbesses in
1443 a lenghtly dispute and court cases followed. |
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1298-1318 Politically Influential Queen Märta af
Danmark of Sweden |
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During the reign of her
husband, King Birger, she participated in all the intrigues of his
court. In 1306 they had been captured and imprisoned by his brothers and
forced to hand over the real power to them, but a few years later they
invited the brothers to great festivities, captured and imprisoned them,
and left them to starve to death. When her husband was deposed in 1318,
she fled to Denmark, were she spent the rest of her life.
She was daughter of King
Erik V of Denmark and the former regent, Agnes of Brandenburg, and lived
(1277-1341). |
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1299-?
Reigning Abbess Ryssa II von Dornberg of Obermünster in
Regensburg (Germany) |
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Dornberg is a village in the former County of Ravensberg in Preussen
(Prussia). |
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